幼儿教师自我效能感与焦虑水平研究

教师心理健康问题是近年来学校心理学的重要课题之一[1] 。但幼儿教师作为一个特殊的职业群体 ,其心理健康问题似乎被人们忽略了。幼儿教师的心理健康与否 ,不仅关系到她们自己的工作和生活 ,而且还会直接影响到她们的教育对象—幼儿的健康成长。因此幼儿教师心理健康问题应该引起我们的高度重视。,本研究拟尝试从自我效能感和焦虑水平这两个方面来探讨这一问题。自我效能感和焦虑水平的关系问题也是人们十分感兴趣的理论问题。Ｂａｎｄｕｒａ曾指出 ,自我效能感往往和抑郁、焦虑及无助相联系[2 -3 ] 。我们也曾在一个研究中发现大学生的一…     

The effects of communicating cardiovascular disease risk as 'fitness age' on behavioral intentions and psychological outcomes

ObjectivesThere is increasing interest in ‘biological age’ formats to convey the risk of chronic disease. Fitness Age is a relatively new construct that may be useful for younger people who perceive cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as less relevant. The current study tested whether Fitness Age increases behavioral intentions and psychosocial outcomes compared to formats commonly used for middle aged adults: Heart Age and percentage risk.Methods180 young adults were randomized to 1 of 3 risk formats: Fitness Age, Heart Age, or lifetime percentage risk of CVD. To make the intervention more personally relevant, participants were assigned to receive a low or high risk result based on self-reported lifestyle factors. Validated measures were used for intentions, worry, perceived risk and credibility.ResultsPercentage risk and Heart Age resulted in greater lifestyle change intentions and more accurate numeric risk perception than Fitness Age. High risk results were perceived as less credible but more worrying.ConclusionsFitness Age may be detrimental for risk perception and behavior change for young adults. Percentage risk and Heart Age formats were equally effective.Practice ImplicationsLabels for biological age formats matter when developing risk communication tools, and Fitness Age would not be a recommended format.     

Can Clinicians Use Dimensional Information to Make a Categorical Diagnosis of Paraphilic Disorders? An ICD-11 Field Study

BackgroundThe diagnosis of paraphilic disorder is a complicated clinical judgment based on the integration of information from multiple dimensions to arrive at a categorical (present/absent) conclusion. The recent update of the guidelines for paraphilic disorders in ICD-11 presents an opportunity to investigate how mental health professionals use the diagnostic guidelines to arrive at a diagnosis which thereby can optimize the guidelines for clinical use.AimThis study examined clinicians’ ability to use the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for paraphilic disorders which contain multiple dimensions that must be simultaneously assessed to arrive at a diagnosis.MethodsThe study investigated the ability of 1,263 international clinicians to identify the dimensions of paraphilic disorder in the context of written case vignettes that varied on a single dimension only.OutcomesParticipants provided diagnoses for the case vignettes along with dimensional ratings of the degree of presence of five dimensions of paraphilic disorder (arousal, consent, action, distress, and risk).ResultsAcross a series of analyses, clinicians demonstrated a clear ability to recognize and appropriately integrate the dimensions of paraphilic disorders; however, there was some evidence that clinicians may over-diagnose non-pathological cases.Clinical TranslationClinicians would likely benefit from targeted training on the ICD-11 definition of paraphilic disorder and should be cautious of over-diagnosing.Strengths and LimitationsThis study represents a large international sample of health professionals and is the first to examine clinicians’ ability to apply the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for paraphilic disorders. Important limitations include not generalizing to all clinicians and acknowledging that results may be different in direct clinical interactions vs written case vignettes.ConclusionThese results indicate that clinicians appear capable of interpreting and implementing the diagnostic guidelines for paraphilic disorders in ICD-11. Keeley JW, Briken P, Evans SC, et al. Can Clinicians Use Dimensional Information to Make a Categorical Diagnosis of Paraphilic Disorders? An ICD-11 Field Study. J Sex Med 2021;18:1592–1606.     

The Desire and Status of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Surgery in Transgender Men and Women in China: A National Population Study

BackgroundGender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery are important medically necessary approaches to transgender care. However, few related data exist in China.AimTo understand the desire and access of transgender cares in the Chinese transgender men and women population.MethodsA cross-sectional self-selecting survey targeting the Chinese transgender population was conducted in 2017 using a snowball sampling method. Participants completed an online questionnaire anonymously. Gender identity was verified by specifically designed questions. Data analysis of this study was performed in 2019.OutcomesThe main outcome was the status of receiving transgender medical care, including the desire vs actual state of receiving gender-affirming hormone treatment and gender-affirmation surgery, methods of accessing hormonal therapy and surgery, and risky behaviors associated with obtaining treatments.ResultsOf the total 2060 valid questionnaires, there were 1,304 transgender individuals (626 transgender men and 678 transgender women), with a median age of 22 (interquartile range, 19–26) years. Among them, 1,036 (79.4%) expressed desires for hormonal therapy, but of 1,036, 741 (71.5%) considered it difficult to obtain medications from doctors. Of 1,036 individuals, 275 (26.5%) and 172 (16.6%) had thoughts or behaviors of self-injury, respectively, when lacking access to hormone therapy. Of 1,036 individuals, 602 (58.1%) had used hormones. Of those 602 hormone users, 407 (67.6%) had ever obtained medications from informal drug dealers, and 372 (61.8%) of them did not perform regular monitoring. 868 of 1,303 (66.6%) participants had received or wanted to undergo gender-affirming surgeries, but 710 of 868 (81.8%) considered the surgery resources not adequate or very scarce.Clinical ImplicationsThe transgender medical resources in China are scarce, and many transgender individuals have engaged in high-risk activities to access care.Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first study to focus on the current status of gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery in the Chinese transgender population, providing valuable and real-world data for understanding the need for transgender health care in China. But, the online questionnaire could not provide the prevalence and other epidemiologic information about transgender individuals in China, and the survey did not address specific medication regimens, dosages, sex hormone levels, and specific hormone therapy–related or surgery-related adverse events.ConclusionSignificant improvement in access to gender-affirming medical and surgery care is needed in China.Liu Y, Xin Y, Qi J, et al. The Desire and Status of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Surgery in Transgender Men and Women in China: A National Population Study. J Sex Med 2020;17:2291–2298.