采用PHILOS钢板微创治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨应用微创钢板接骨术(minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis,MIPO)结合PHILOS锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床意义和方法。方法 2008年8月~2010年7月,采用PHILOS钢板微创治疗肱骨近端骨折39例,其中男16例,女23例;年龄45~86岁,平均64.5岁。骨折采用Neer分型,其中二部分骨折12例,三部分骨折22例,四部分骨折5例。结果所有患者切口均一期愈合。35例获得6~18月(平均10.5个月)随访,4例失访。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为术后10~15周,平均12周。无神经血管损伤、骨折不愈合和内固定松动、断裂等并发症。肩关节功能按Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准评价:优22例,良11例,可2例,优良率约94%。结论采用PHILOS钢板微创治疗肱骨近端骨折,具有创伤小、固定牢靠、并发症少、满意率高等优点,是治疗肱骨近端骨折的一种理想方法。     

HPLC法测定调中四消丸中咖啡酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、圆柚酮和α-香附酮

目的建立HPLC波长切换联合梯度洗脱法同时测定调中四消丸中咖啡酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、圆柚酮、α-香附酮。方法采用Agilent TC-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;0~21 min在325 nm波长下检测咖啡酸;21~37 min在254 nm波长下检测芦荟大黄素、大黄酸和大黄素甲醚,37~55 min在242nm波长下检测圆柚酮和α-香附酮;体积流量:0.9 mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量为10μL。结果咖啡酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、圆柚酮、α-香附酮分别在2.48~49.60、17.56~351.20、4.59~91.80、6.76~135.20、1.92~38.40、4.26~85.20μg/mL与峰面积线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为98.01%、99.27%、97.61%、99.41%、96.90%、98.58%,RSD值分别为0.77%、1.18%、0.96%、1.25%、1.48%、1.17%(n=6)。结论本方法简单快速,可作为调中四消丸的质量控制方法。     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化磷酸西格列汀片处方设计

目的：筛选磷酸西格列汀片直接压片法的最佳处方。方法：采用Box-Behnken效应面法（BBD）优化磷酸西格列汀片的处方设计,以原料药粒径、MCC占填充剂比例及崩解剂用量为考察因素,以休止角、均匀度、溶出度为评价指标,制备样品作质量考察。结果：最优处方原药粒径100 nm,MCC占填充剂比例为45%,崩解剂用量为2.7%。根据最优处方制备的小试样品,均匀度为（2.53±0.18）%,休止角为（38.9±0.5）°,10 min溶出度为（82.3±2.2）%,与理论值的差距＜10%。3批中试样品,各评价指标与理论值的差距均＜10%,符合质量要求。结论：通过BBD法优化的磷酸西格列汀片处方,具有良好的流动性、混合均匀度,制得片剂具有快速溶出特征。     

Accumulation of Cadmium in Transplanted Lichen Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl., with Reference to Physiochemical Variation and Kinetics of Cadmium Biosorption

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - The safe utilization and risk assessment of produced water (PW) from oil and gas fields for desert irrigation have received increasing...     

Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Family Caregivers of People Living With Dementia in Latin-America: A Scoping Review

ObjectiveDementia prevalence in Latin America (LATAM) is rapidly increasing, contributing to significant family burden. As families are responsible for care, supportive interventions are critical. To understand the state-of-the-science, a scoping review was conducted of non-pharmacologic interventions for caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) in LATAM.DesignEight databases were searched (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, Redalyc, Google Scholar) for nonpharmacological intervention studies published up to July, 2021 in LATAM reporting at least 1 caregiver outcome. A qualitative synthesis examined study designs, participants, and outcomes characteristics.ResultsForty-five studies were identified from 25.8% (n = 8/31) of LATAM countries (28 = Brazil, 4 = Chile, 4 = Cuba, 4 = México, 2 = Colombia, 1 = Perú, 1 = Ecuador, 1 = Argentina): 29% (n = 17) were randomized clinical trials (RCT), 7% (n = 3) nonrandomized comparison trials, 42% (n = 19) pre-post trials, 9% (n = 4) postintervention analyses, and 4% (n = 2) single case studies, comprising a total of 1,171 caregivers and 817 PLWD. For 20 RCT and nonrandomized comparison trials, 31 interventions were tested of which 48.4% (n = 15) targeted caregivers and 32.3% (n = 10) dyads. Most studies involved daughters with less than 12 years of education and tested multicomponent interventions involving disease education (90%), and cognitive behavioral coping (45%). Half of interventions (51.6%; n = 16/31) tested were adapted from other countries, and reported benefits for caregiver depression, quality of life, and burden.ConclusionStudies were conducted in a limited number of LATAM countries and few were RCTs. Results of RCTs showed benefits for socially vulnerable caregivers on psychosocial outcomes. There is an urgent need to rigorously evaluate more country/culturally specific interventions addressing unmet familial needs beyond psychosocial support.     

Are Care-Recipient Outcomes Attributable to Improved Caregiver Well-Being? A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Benefit-Finding Intervention

ObjectivesThe benefit-finding therapeutic (BFT) intervention, training cognitive reappraisal, and alternative thinking to construct positive aspects of caregiving have been found to reduce caregiver depression. This study examines BFT effects on care-recipient outcomes via reduced caregiver depression.DesignCluster-randomized double-blind controlled trial.SettingSocial centers and clinics.ParticipantsA total of 129 caregivers. Inclusion criteria were 1) primary caregiver aged 18+, 2) without cognitive impairment, 3) providing ≥14 care hours weekly to a relative with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, and 4) scoring ≥3 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Exclusion criterion was care-recipient having Parkinsonism or other forms of dementia.InterventionsBFT was evaluated against two forms of psychoeducation—standard and simplified (lectures only) psychoeducation.MeasurementsCare-recipient outcomes included neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), functional impairment, and global dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating sum-of-box), measured at baseline, postintervention, and 4- and 10-month follow up.ResultsMixed-effects regressions showed a significant effect on NPS when compared with simplified psychoeducation only, with BFT participants reporting fewer NPS (especially mood symptoms) at 4-month follow-up (d = -0.52). Furthermore, longitudinal path analysis (using changes in caregiver depression scores at postintervention to predict changes in care-recipient NPS at follow-up) found that this effect was mediated by improved caregiver depression. No other intervention or mediation effects were found or were consistent across analyses.ConclusionsLess depressed caregivers may be able to provide better care and more positive interactions, leading to reduced NPS in care-recipients. However, this benefit of BFT was limited to the comparison with simplified psychoeducation only.     

海藻生物胶体外抗炎作用的实验研究

目的探讨海藻生物胶用于体外抗炎的作用效果。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀实验及小鼠棉球肉芽肿增生实验探索海藻生物胶的抗炎作用。设立模型对照组,阳性对照组和海藻生物胶高、中、低剂量组,喷涂患处,每天1次,连续7 d。结果海藻生物胶显著抑制小鼠耳廓肿胀,与模型对照组相比,海藻生物胶高、中、低剂量组均显著抑制小鼠耳廓肿胀(P<0.05);与阳性对照组相比,海藻生物胶高剂量组显著抑制小鼠耳廓肿胀(P<0.05),海藻生物胶在不同给药时间均抑制角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀(P﹤0.05)。与模型对照组相比,海藻生物胶可抑制棉球诱发所致小鼠炎症的肉芽增生作用(P<0.05);与阳性对照组相比,海藻生物胶高剂量组也可抑制小鼠棉球肉芽肿增生。结论海藻生物胶具有体外抗炎的作用。     

Synthesis of obeticholic acid,a farnesoid X receptor agonist,and its major metabolites labeled with deuterium

Simple and facile methods for the synthesis of deuterium‐labeled obeticholic acid and its 2 metabolites, glycine and taurine conjugates of obeticholic acid, are described herein. The 3 deuterated compounds were applicable for use as internal standards in drug development.     

High protein intake along with paternal part-time employment is associated with higher body fat mass among girls from South China

Purpose

Protein intake has been suggested to be associated with body composition among western children. Our aim was to determine whether protein intake is associated with body composition among Chinese children and to investigate whether parental socioeconomic status modifies these associations.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were collected from the baseline survey of an ongoing population-based prospective open cohort study conducted in 2013. In this survey, 2039 children in South China were recruited using cluster random sampling. Information of 1704 children (47% girls), aged 7–12 years from three primary schools (42 classes), on diet and anthropometry was included finally. Their daily protein intake was obtained by 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Skinfold thickness, body height, and weight were measured to calculate percent body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Parental characteristics were collected by questionnaires.

Results

Among girls, protein intake was positively associated with %BF and FMI [estimate (SE) for %BF: 0.007 (0.003), p = 0.04; for FMI: 0.092 (0.002), p = 0.03], adjusted for pubertal stage, breast-feeding, maternal overweight, carbohydrate intake, energy intake, and physical activity level. Furthermore, there was interaction between paternal occupation and the relations of dietary protein with %BF and FMI (p _{for interaction} ≤ 0.04). None of the associations between protein intake and %BF, FMI, or FFMI was found among boys.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that school-aged girls, but not boys, living in South China with higher dietary protein intake might have higher body fat mass, which could be modified by paternal occupation.