Tranexamic acid ameliorates rosacea symptoms through regulating immune response and angiogenesis

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by immune system anomalies and vascular hyperreactivity. Recently, therapy of rosacea has improved substantially with the approval of Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent. However, we know little about the underlying mechanism. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TXA and its molecular mechanism on rosacea by using LL37-induced mouse model and HaCaT cell model. Rosacea-like symptoms including skin erythema and histopathological alterations, as well as the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) and MMP9 expression were significantly ameliorated by TXA treatment. In addition, TXA reduced the expression levels of innate immune gene (TLR2, KLK5 and Camp) and neutrophils relative gene in rosacea-like lesion. For adaptive immune, CD4⁺ T cell infiltration and the gene expression of Th cytokines and chemokines were regulated by TXA in skin lesion. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of TXA were associated with the inhibition of TLR2, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) and chemokines (CCL10) expression in LL37-activated HaCaT cells. Finally, TXA repressed the angiogenesis by reducing the number of CD31⁺ cell and downregulating the expression levels of VEGF in rosacea. In conclusion, our finding defines a treatment mechanism by which TXA ameliorates rosacea symptoms by regulating the immune response and angiogenesis.     

Acute effect of engineered thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer knockoff running footwear on foot loading and comfort during heel-to-toe running

BackgroundBetter midsole materials and comfort have been incorporated into more expensive shoes and are popular with runners. Consequently, knockoff running shoes are currently widely distributed in the Chinese market and and cost only 30%–50% of the total price of genuine branded products.Research questionUncertainty exists concerning the beneficial effects of advanced shoe material application in decreasing foot loading or impact force during running. Additionally, using comfort as a criterion to identify genuine branded running shoes may exclude brand factor.MethodsFifteen healthy male volunteers were asked to perform two different tests, including running and a comfort evaluation. Each participant was asked to identify which footwear was the Adidas brand shoe based on their perception of comfort.ResultsTime to the first peak of the vertical ground reaction force occurred significantly later when subjects wore the genuine branded shoe compared to knockoff shoe 1 (p = 0.003) and knockoff shoe 2 (p = 0.015) footwea. The genuine branded shoe (p = 0.005) and knockoff shoe 1 (p = 0.029) were significantly more comfortable compared to the knockoff shoe 2. Only four subjects selected the genuine branded shoe, whereas six subjects selected both the genuine branded shoe and knockoff shoe 1.SignificanceKnockoff running footwear significantly increases impact loading compared to the genuine branded product, thereby posing greater risk of running injury.     

六味五灵片联合替比夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化疗效分析

目的：观察六味五灵片联合替比夫定（ LdT）治疗慢性乙型肝炎（ CHB）肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：将120例CHB肝纤维化患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组（64例）患者口服六味五灵片和LdT,对照组（56例）患者单用LdT,疗程均为24周。比较两组患者治疗前后的临床症状、肝功能及肝纤维化指标变化情况。结果：治疗24周后,观察组患者ALT、 AST、 TBil分别为（25.4±16.3） U/L、（28.4±15.9） U/L、（22.8±10.7）μmol/L,均明显低于对照组（44.7±19.6） U/L、（40.1±17.1） U/L、（35.2±11.5）μmol/L ,差异有显著性意义（ P＜0.05）。治疗后两组患者肝纤维化指标均显著下降,且观察组下降幅度优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：六味五灵片联合LdT能够明显改善CHB肝纤维化患者的肝功能,促进HBV DNA转阴,同时还能显著降低患者的血清肝纤维化指标,提高临床疗效。     

院内不同时间段铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性分析

目的：分析本院内不同时间段分离的铜绿假单胞菌对各种抗菌药物的耐药性变化,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对2012年10月至2012年12月（2012年第4季度）分离的142株铜绿假单胞菌、2013年1月至2013年3月（2013年第1季度）分离的129株铜绿假单胞菌、2013年4月至2013年6月（2013年第2季度）分离的74株铜绿假单胞菌、2013年7月至2013年9月（2013年第3季度）分离的140株铜绿假单胞菌,用WalkAway 96 PLUS NC50药敏板检测菌株对亚胺培南等12种抗菌药物的耐药性,并对检测结果分别进行分析。结果2012年第4季度分离的142株铜绿假单胞菌对替卡西林/克拉维酸、氨曲南和亚胺培南的耐药率分别为35.2%（50/140）、31.0%（44/142）和30.3%（43/142）,对哌拉西林、左旋氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、头孢吡肟和阿米卡星的耐药率为9.2%～26.8%。2013年第1季度分离的129株铜绿假单胞菌对替卡西林/克拉维酸、氨曲南、亚胺培南、左旋氧氟沙星为33.3%～44.4%,对环丙沙星、哌拉西林、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、庆大霉素、妥布霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率为9.3%～27.9%。2013年第2季度分离的74株铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、替卡西林/克拉维酸、氨曲南、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星和哌拉西林的耐药率为32.8%～47.3%,对妥布霉素、庆大霉素、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和阿米卡星的耐药率为17.6%～27.0%。2013年第三季度分离的140株铜绿假单胞菌以上12种抗菌药物的耐药率为2.9%～26.4%。不同阶段分离的菌株80%以上都来自痰液。结论院内不同季度分离的铜绿假单胞菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药率都存在一定的差异,2013年第1季度和第2季度分离的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性显著高于2013年第3季度和2012年第4季度分离的铜?     

Validity and reliability of the Mastication Observation and Evaluation (MOE) instrument

The Mastication Observation and Evaluation (MOE) instrument was developed to allow objective assessment of a child's mastication process. It contains 14 items and was developed over three Delphi rounds. The present study concerns the further development of the MOE using the COSMIN (Consensus based Standard for the Selection of Measurement Instruments) and investigated the instrument's internal consistency, inter-observer reliability, construct validity and floor and ceiling effects. Consumption of three bites of bread and biscuit was evaluated using the MOE. Data of 59 healthy children (6–48 mths) and 38 children (bread) and 37 children (biscuit) with cerebral palsy (24–72 mths) were used.Four items were excluded before analysis due to zero variance. Principal Components Analysis showed one factor with 8 items. Internal consistency was >0.70 (Chronbach's alpha) for both food consistencies and for both groups of children. Inter-observer reliability varied from 0.51 to 0.98 (weighted Gwet's agreement coefficient). The total MOE scores for both groups showed normal distribution for the population. There were no floor or ceiling effects.The revised MOE now contains 8 items that (a) have a consistent concept for mastication and can be scored on a 4-point scale with sufficient reliability and (b) are sensitive to stages of chewing development in young children. The removed items are retained as part of a criterion referenced list within the MOE.     

LC–MS/MS assay for pitavastatin in human plasma and subsequent application to a clinical study in healthy Chinese volunteers

A rapid, selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of pitavastatin in human plasma. Following a liquid–liquid extraction, both the analytes and internal standard telmisartan were separated on a Luna C₁₈ column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile–methanol–1% formic acid in water (50:25:25, v/v/v). Mass spectrometric detection involved electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode followed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions at m/z 421.9 → 290.1 for pitavastatin and m/z 515.2 → 276.2 for the IS. The assay for pitavastatin showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.99) over the ranges 0.2–400 ng/ml, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 ng/ml. Accuracy and precision for the assay were determined by calculating the intra- and inter-batch variation of quality control (QC) samples at three concentration levels, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 15% for both analytes. The mean extraction recovery of pitavastatin and IS were both above 70%. Matrix effect hasn't been found in this method. The method has been successfully applied to a clinic pharmacokinetic study of pitavastatin administered.     

中药配方颗粒自动调配系统调剂操作规程的标准化研究

探索建立完善的中药配方颗粒自动化调配系统调剂操作流程,使其规范化、标准化、自动化调配准确性高,以防差错和纠纷的发生。通过反复调剂操作,结合实际工作,将其在工作中发现的问题和突发情形进行归纳总结,并将实际经验制定成中药配方颗粒自动调配系统调剂操作规程。完善的操作流程,可保证药物颗粒的稳定性,有效杜绝颗粒先后应用顺序不一的情况;发现问题及时,纠正快。操作流程规范,方法得当,调配准确,避免差错。     

Age-associated changes of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and tau in cynomolgus monkeys

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are useful for the study of age-associated changes in the brain as a model that is biologically closely related to humans. For example, with age, all NHPs analyzed to date, develop β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques as seen in humans. Nevertheless, it is still unclear if NHPs have human-like age-associated changes in Aβ and tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid. The present study was an attempt to specifically address these issues. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau were measured in 37 and 22 cynomolgus monkeys, respectively, with ages ranging from 4 to 22-year-old. The result from the present study revealed significant age-associated declines in Aβ42 levels but not in Aβ40 and phosphorylated tau levels. This finding appears to parallel changes seen with human aging, in which decreased levels of Aβ42 can be seen in normal older adults, and supporting that cynomolgus monkeys would be a useful model for studying age-related neurologic disorders associated with Alzheimer-like cerebral proteopathy.     

四种病毒灭活方法用于登革病毒灭活效果的比较

目的评价常用病毒灭活方法对血液制品中登革病毒(DENV)的灭活效果。方法将单采新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP),人凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)和静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)3种血浆及其制品中加入高滴度(8.00-9.25)的登革病毒液,分别采用亚甲蓝(MB)光化学法灭活FFP、有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)法灭活FⅧ、低pH常温孵化法和巴氏消毒法灭活IVIG;以1×10~6/mL A549细胞接种于T25的培养瓶中作为病毒传代及滴度滴定指示细胞,将灭活前后的血浆及制品接种于A549细胞并检测其DENV滴度,并通过qRT-PCR对DENV RNA做定量检测;评估不同的灭活方法对DENV的灭活效果。结果 DENV滴度下降:MB光化学法灭活FFP下降滴度≥5.92 log,S/D法灭活FⅧ下降滴度≥5.17 log、巴氏法和低pH法灭活IVIG均下降滴度≥5.92 log,其中MB光化学法灭活FFP、SD灭活FⅧ及巴氏法灭活IVIG后DENV RNA(cp/mL)降低1.25 log-2.25 log,低pH法灭活IVIG后DENV RNA(cp/mL)降低0.17 log。所有血浆和血液制品样品经灭活后,在DENV宿主细胞上3代盲传后均未检测到DENV RNA。结论 4种常用病毒灭活方法均能有效灭活血浆及血液制品中的DENV。     

Yellow pigment formation,pigment composition,and quality of fresh-cut yam (Dioscorea opposita) slices

Fresh-cut yam (Dioscorea opposita) slices brown easily and can turn yellow under certain storage conditions. The formation conditions of yellow pigment, pigment composition, and quality of yellow fresh-cut yam slices were investigated in this study. The results showed that storage temperature, gas ratio of packaging, and slice thickness affected the formation of yellow pigmentation. The highest content of yellow pigment was found in 0.1 cm-thick yam slices stored at 25 °C for 18 h and packaged in 20% O₂ and 80% N₂. Yellow pigments were composed primarily of bisdemethoxycurcumin (73.7%) and two other unknown compounds that were not attributed to microorganisms. Yellow fresh-cut yam exhibited good quality, and the alcohol and ester extracts of yellow yams had higher oxygen radical adsorption capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability compared to white fresh-cut yam.

Fresh-cut yam (Dioscorea opposita) slices brown easily and can turn yellow under certain storage conditions.