匙叶八角中的酚性成分

目的 研究匙叶八角Illicium spathulatum枝叶的化学成分.方法 匙叶八角枝叶的甲醇提取物经醋酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部分经过反复的硅胶柱色谱、反相柱色谱及Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱等方法分离,用波谱分析法鉴定化合物结构.结果 分离得到了13个酚性化合物,分别鉴定为苏式-(1,2-二羟基丙基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-2-methoxy-3-flavanone-3-hydrate (2)、4-O-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethylethyl)-dihydroconierylalcohol (3)、2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(4)、槲皮素(5)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6)、山柰酚(7)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(8)、儿茶素(9)、丁香酸-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、丁香酸甲酯-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(12)、羟基酪醇(13),同时还分离到大量的莽草酸(14).结论 化合物1是一个新苯丙素葡萄糖苷类化合物,命名为匙叶八角苷.化合物2是首次从植物中分离得到的黄酮醇类物质氧化的水合物,可能是一人工产物,其余化合物均为首次从匙叶八角中分离得到.     

The absolute stereochemistry of protoxylogranatin A – a new protolimonoid from the seeds of Chinese mangrove Xylocarpus granatum

A new protolimonoid, named protoxylogranatin A, has been isolated from the seeds of a Chinese mangrove Xylocarpus granatum. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of modern spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration was determined by the application of the modified Mosher MTPA ester method. The first complete assignments of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data for this protolimonoid were achieved by means of 2D NMR techniques, including ¹H–¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra.     

一次性医疗用品处理与管理的现状和对策

一次性医疗废物较之于普通垃圾危害性更加严重，对其管理和处理直接关系到医患者的安全。因此，加强对一次性医疗用品的处理和管理非常重要。本文综述分析一次性医疗用品存在的问题，提出“从摇篮到坟墓”（cradle to grave）的管理对策，并指出高温热解法更适合于一次性医疗用品的处理。     

#41-S anxiety on colombian children: Are more girls affected than boys?

PURPOSE: To compare by gender symptoms of anxiety in children living in Colombia SA, exposed to the stress of current civil war.METHODS: A total of 399 school-aged children/adolescents from a stratified, random sample of Belen, Boyaca and Bucaramanga, Santander were evaluated. Children and their parents were assessed with the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED).RESULTS: The overall response rate was 97.6% consisting of 229 girls and 170 boys with a mean age of 12.7 years (range 8-18 years). Among all of children, 294 (73.68%) reported a total score of >25, which is the cut-off score for anxiety disorders. Of the girls, 201 (87.77%) had a total score of >25, and 93 (54.71%) of the boys had total scores of >25 (χ² = 55.019, d.f. = 1, p < 0.0001)CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that these children, exposed to dangerous and violent situations in their environment, are experiencing higher levels of anxiety symptoms, which is particularly true for girls.