Is smoking a risk factor for bleeding in adult men with cerebral arteriovenous malformations? A single-center regression study from China

ObjectiveTo assess whether smoking increases the risk of bleeding in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVM).Material and methodsAccording to our research plan, 385 CAVM patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from December 2015 to January 2018 were included in this study, including 210 bleeding patients and 175 non-bleeding patients. We divided patients into three subgroups of current smokers, ex-smokers (those who quit smoking for one year or more) and non-smokers. The relationship between smoking and the risk of CAVM rupture was assessed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between current smoker and non-smoker (OR = 1.87, p = 0.019). Among the covariates of the multivariate regression analysis, the location, combined with blood flow-related intracranial aneurysms and size were related to the risk of CAVM bleeding.ConclusionCurrent smoking may increase the risk of CAVM bleeding; however, there was no significant correlation between ex-smoking and CAVM bleeding.     

Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as Chemotherapeutic Target in Breast Cancer: An Update on Pros and Cons

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in addition to playing a crucial role in the development of the mammary gland during embryogenesis and during pregnancy, is one of the most commonly altered pathways in breast cancer. Accumulating findings from in vitro and in vivo and clinical studies have been suggestive of this pathway as a potential chemotherapy target. However, approved chemotherapeutic agents targeting this pathway are still missing for the treatment of patients with cancer. None of the clinical trials on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors have translated beyond phase I/II studies. Hence, detailed analysis of the alterations in this pathway and the therapeutic agents modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling components in breast cancer is warranted. The present review explored the latest developments in the association of deregulation in the Wnt/β-catenin signal cascade with the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the progress in identifying the potential chemotherapeutic drugs inhibiting this pathway, and the status of these compounds in clinical trials of breast cancer.     

大熊猫核糖体蛋白L10亚基基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

目的 了解大熊猫(ailuropoda melanoleuca) 核糖体蛋白L10亚基基因(RPL10)的结构特点及其与已报道的人和其他哺乳动物核糖体蛋白亚基RPL10基因的异同. 方法根据已报道的部分哺乳动物RPL10基因的相关信息设计引物,运用RT-PCR技术,从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA 中对核糖体蛋白亚基RPL10 基因的进行克隆、测序;采用Genescan 软件,对所克隆的基因序列进行氨基酸序列推定;采用ORF finder软件进行DNA 序列的开放阅读框查找;采用DNAMAN Version 6软件,对基因序列和氨基酸序列进行同源性比较;采用Ex2PASy Proteomics Server 软件,进行蛋白质功能位点和生化特性预测分析;采用http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/apssp2/对蛋白质二级结构进行模拟分析.结果 大熊猫RPL10基因的表达序列长为685 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为645 bp,编码214个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的相对分子质量为24.599 7×103,等电点为10.74,含有4个功能位点,分别为:2个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,2个N化位点,2个酰胺化位点,1个核糖体蛋白L10e信号位点.进一步分析发现,该基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的人、牛、家犬、褐家鼠、小家鼠有很高的相似性,其表达序列同源性分别为92.4%、92.4%、97.21%、88.84%与89.61%;其编码的氨基酸序列除与牛的同源性为99.07%外,与其他哺乳动物同源性为100%.而且,其蛋白质的高级结构除牛外其他物种也具有一致性.结论 无论是从RPL10基因的序列、结构、功能位点,还是从其编码的氨基酸的序列和二级结构进行分析,都表明大熊猫的RPL10基因和已报道的哺乳动物的RPL10基因具有高度的遗传稳定性和功能一致性.     

预印本自组织同行评议的通证激励机制研究

【目的】 将通证激励机制应用于预印本自组织同行评议的框架之中,解决该同行评议模式缺乏激励机制的问题。【方法】 将“通证经济”的理念与激励机制相结合,解决预印本系统中自组织同行评议的激励问题,并通过案例分析方法,以Steemit为参考模式,研究其通证激励机制的原理与特点。【结果】 通证激励模式下的预印本系统是一种建立在区块链技术上,以学术共同体为核心的自组织内容发表系统,利用通证激励,充分调动系统的所有成员参与到论文发表的过程中。【结论】 将通证激励应用于预印本的自组织同行评议中,能够对作者和评议专家的角色行为进行正向引导和激励,从而保证预印本系统良性自运转,形成良好的学术生态。     

父母教养方式对中专生身心健康的影响

目的探讨父母教养方式对中专生身心的影响，为中专生的健康促进提供依据。方法采用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）和症状自评量表（SCL-90），对南充市两所中专学校190名一年级新生进行测查。结果症状自评量表筛查出有心理问题者19人，占10.50%。父亲惩罚严厉、偏爱被试与SCL-90躯体化和敌对因子呈显著正相关；母亲情感温暖、理解与躯体化呈显著负相关，过干涉和过保护与总分、躯体化、敌对和恐怖因子呈显著正相关，而母亲惩罚严厉与SCL-90总分及各因子呈显著正相关。结论父母教养方式与中专生身心健康密切相关。     

谈PBL的理论与实践

PBL是一种让学生在真实情境中思考、学习和行动的实验教学法,是建构主义理论指导下的一种新的教学模式.目前,PBL已从当初的医学教育领域走向其它学科教育领域.文章以PBL在<教育传播科学研究方法>中的应用为例,阐述了PBL的教学流程.     

Gastrointestinal migrating motor complex during early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pigs

Objective： To determine the changes of gastrointestinal migrating motor complex （MMC） during the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation. Methods：Totally 45 healthy adult guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups, that is, normal control, group B （1% cholesterol diet for 2 weeks） and group C （1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks）. Three pairs of silver electrodes were inserted into the gastric antrum, duodenum and jejunum of every animal respectively. Record of gastrointestinal MMC of these guinea pigs were recorded and analyzed. Gallbladder bile was taken to detect the formation of cholesterol gallstone. Results： There were only 29 guinea pigs living. The MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ were prolonged significantly and gradually compared with the control group （P〈0.01）, but the duration of phase Ⅲ became significantly and gradually shorter. Conclusion： During the early stage of cholesterol gallstone formation, the MMC cycle time and the duration of phase Ⅱ are prolonged and the duration of phase Ⅲ is shortened.