2004～2008年医院护士职业暴露分析与对策

目的 了解医院护士职业暴露发生情况,分析其原因,为护士职业暴露的控制管理提供依据.方法 采用北京市医院感染管理质量控制和改进中心<医院感染监控管理系统>对2004～2008年护士职业暴露案例进行分析.结果 2004～2008年护士共发生职业暴露86名;其中23名发生在重症监护病房(ICU),占ICU工作护士的22.77%;63名发生在普通病房;占普通病房工作护士的12.96%;工作时间＜5年的护士54名,占62.79%.结论 医院护士工作量大、人力不足、操作多、使用后锐器处理不及时等是导致护士职业暴露的主要原因;低年资护士是发生职业暴露的主要群体;对其应进行定期、系统、规范的职业暴露相关知识培训.     

Comparison of different Bacillus subtilis expression systems

Bacillus subtilis is considered to have great potential as a host for the production and secretion of recombinant proteins. Many different expression systems have been developed for B. subtilis. Here we compare two widely used expression systems, the IPTG-inducible derivative of spac system (hyper-spank) and the xylose-inducible (xyl) to the SURE (subtilin-regulated gene expression) system. Western blot analysis of the membrane protein SpoIISA together with its protein partner SpoIISB showed that the highest expression level of this complex is obtained using the SURE system. Measurement of β-galactosidase activities of the promoter-lacZ fusions in individual expression systems confirmed that the P_spaS promoter of the SURE system is the strongest of those compared, although the induction/repression ratio reached only 1.84. Based on these results, we conclude that the SURE system is the most efficient of these three B. subtilis expression systems in terms of the amount of expressed product. Remarkably, the yield of the SpoIISA–SpoIISB complex obtained from B. subtilis was comparable to that normally obtained from the Escherichia coli arabinose-inducible expression system.     

Determination of neptunium in environmental samples by extraction chromatography after valence adjustment

Neptunium(V) ions are unstable in acid media, which limits their extraction on chromatographic resins. We developed a novel analytical method to measure Np by either α-spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after extraction chromatography as Np(VI). We investigated the reactivity of various oxidizing reagents, and determined the retention capacity of Np(IV, V, and VI) on various extraction chromatographic supports. A simple method using two UTEVA resins was used to rapidly detect Np in soil and sediment samples.     

Preoperative depressive symptoms predict postoperative seizure outcome in temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy

ObjectiveRecent research has pointed to the possibility of a bidirectional relationship between seizure frequency in epilepsy and depressive symptoms. The study described here investigated the relationship between preoperative depressive symptomatology and postoperative seizure outcome in a sample of patients with temporal (TLE) and frontal (FLE) lobe epilepsy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the data from 115 eligible patients with TLE (N = 97) and FLE (N = 18) and resections limited to one cortical lobe who were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year after epilepsy surgery with respect to depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) and seizure outcome. The latter was assessed in terms of actual total seizure frequency as well as a dichotomous variable (seizure free vs. not seizure free) for the 1-year outcome. Repeated-measures analyses of variance and regression analyses were applied.ResultsSeizure-free patients had significantly lower BDI scores preoperatively as well as postoperatively than patients who were not seizure free. In the regression analyses, the preoperative BDI score was a significant predictor of postoperative seizure frequency as well as seizure freedom. When only patients with TLE were analyzed, the results for the association between preoperative BDI and postoperative seizure frequency and seizure freedom remained consistent.ConclusionThe present results provide evidence for a statistical bidirectionality of the relationship between depressive symptoms and postoperative seizure status in a mixed sample of patients with TLE and FLE. Possible reasons for this bidirectional association include an underlying common pathology in both depression and epilepsy, for example, structural changes or functional alterations in neurotransmitter systems.     

Functional and Molecular Imaging: Applications for Diagnosis and Staging of Localised Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is currently the most common solid organ cancer type among men in the Western world. Currently, all decision-making algorithms and nomograms rely on demographics, clinicopathological data and symptoms. Such an approach can easily miss significant cancers while detecting many insignificant cancers. In this review, novel functional and molecular imaging techniques used in the diagnosis and staging of localised prostate cancer and their effect on treatment decisions are discussed.