滇重楼甲羟戊酸焦磷酸脱羧酶基因的分子克隆与分析

目的皂苷是滇重楼的主要药效成分,获取滇重楼皂苷合成途径中关键基因(MVD)的cDNA全长序列,并对该序列进行生物信息学及表达量分析。方法通过同源克隆法得到滇重楼MVD cDNA的保守片段,利用RACE技术获得MVD c DNA全长序列,命名为PpMVD,并进行生物信息学分析,通过实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)法检测PpMVD在滇重楼不同组织中的表达情况。结果 PpMVD基因cDNA全长1 583 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1 269 bp,编码422个氨基酸,该蛋白质的相对分子质量为46 820,等电点为5.69,不稳定指数为45.40;滇重楼Pp MVD蛋白质二级结构中含有159个α-螺旋,占37.68%;19个β折叠,占4.50%;69个延伸链,占16.35%;175个无规卷曲,占41.47%;该蛋白没有跨膜螺旋区,且不存在信号肽,其全部氨基酸都位于细胞膜表面;该基因包含MVD1-Superfamily家族的保守结构域,属于GHMP激酶蛋白家族成员;RT-PCR结果显示,滇重楼PpMVD基因在种子、叶片、茎和块茎中均有表达,但表达量呈显著差异(P0.05),由高到低依次为块茎叶片种子茎,其中主要药用组织块茎中表达量最高,为最低表达量(茎)的3.3倍。结论首次克隆了滇重楼Pp MVD cDNA全长序列,并检测了该基因在滇重楼各组织中的表达量,为进一步研究Pp MVD基因在提高皂苷生物合成过程中的影响提供了基础,并对重楼药用资源的可持续利用提供了支持。     

阿魏酸钠的心脑血管药理作用研究进展

阿魏酸钠是传统活血化瘀中药当归和川芎提取物中主要活性成分阿魏酸的钠盐,来源非常丰富,具有多种药理活性,且不良反应少、安全性高,于1990年首次被批准用于临床,是我国完全自主研发的心脑血管药物。阿魏酸钠在心脑血管疾病方面具有广泛的效用,在治疗呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病及其并发症,保护肝脏、肾脏等方面也较为有效。对近30年来阿魏酸钠在心血管疾病方面的药理作用及研究现状进行综述,重点阐述其在抗血栓、抑制血小板聚集、血管保护及抗氧化等方面的作用,以期为阿魏酸钠的临床应用提供理论依据。     

斑马鱼肠道微生物的研究进展

肠道微生物作为人体重要的"微生物器官",在人体发育、肠道屏障、免疫调节、营养物质消化吸收、毒素排出、血管生成,以及疾病的发生、发展等方面发挥着巨大的作用。脊椎动物生物模型斑马鱼因其各系统发育与人类相应系统有许多共同特点,且具有胚胎透明、发育快速、肠道易于取样等优势,故成为研究肠道微生物的理想模型。然而在国内关于斑马鱼肠道微生物的研究尚处于起步阶段。文章总结了斑马鱼中肠道微生物的相关功能、肠道微生物群落的构建及其演替规律及肠道微生物结构的影响因素,为研究肠道微生物对人类健康的影响及其在疾病治疗中的应用前景提供理论依据。     

仔猪肠道微生物研究进展

肠道菌群在哺乳动物及人类健康的作用正日益受到重视。仔猪的健康生长需要一个动态平衡的肠道微生态环境。然而,在猪的生命周期中,从食管到直肠的微生物分布与组成存在时间和空间的变化。健康的肠道菌群具有促进猪的营养代谢,维持肠黏膜屏障,调节免疫应答,抑制病原菌感染等功能。多种因素对猪肠道菌群的形成与稳定具有重要的作用,包括分娩方式（经过产道或剖宫产）、幼龄时期饮食（母乳或配方饲料）、抗生素或抗生素样分子的使用等。本文主要从仔猪肠道微生物组成与定植、功能、影响肠道微生物的因素等方面论述了仔猪肠道微生物与仔猪肠道健康的关系,从而加深肠道微生物对维护仔猪肠道健康作用的认识。     

Hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose after primary vaccination

ObjectivesProtective antibodies levels, induced by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, persist for long-term after primary immunization, but there is evidence that, as the time since vaccination increases, there is a reduced ability to maintain immune memory. The study aim was to determine the prevalence and the duration of persistence of an anti-HBs titer with ≥10 mIU/mL and eventual predictors of reduced seroprotection.MethodsThe study was conducted among students attending medical and healthcare professions schools from January 2014 to June 2016. Data were collected through the review of medical records completed during the medical surveillance visit. All subjects had received HBV vaccine according to the Italian Ministry of Health indications.ResultsThe results are reported for 722 subjects. Positive anti-HBs titer was found in 72.6% (95% CI = 69–76). The mean age of the subjects was 25.5 years. Subjects vaccinated during adolescence and students that had received an adult vaccine dose were significantly more likely to be seroprotected. The longer the time interval since vaccination the lower the probability of being seroprotected; however if the role of time since vaccination was considered after stratification by vaccine dose, a statistically significant association with a lower percentage of seroprotected remains only in the subgroup of subjects who received the pediatric dose. The findings of the multivariate regression analysis partially confirmed those of the univariate analysis.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings show that over 25% of HBV vaccine recipients had an antiHBs titer <10 mIU/ml after 18 years of more from the primary vaccination. Furthermore, in the case a booster dose would be needed, our results suggest that the vaccination strategy should prefer administration of a vaccine adult dose during early adolescence, since it might offer longer-term protection through adulthood.     

非编码RNA靶向脂代谢重编程参与肝细胞癌恶性生物学表型

代谢重编程是肿瘤细胞的主要特征之一。脂质代谢重编程参与肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)发病机制。非编码RNA(non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs)是具有有限的或没有编码蛋白质能力的一类功能性RNA。多种ncRNAs调控脂质代谢。本文首先总结了肝癌发生和发展过程中细胞内主要脂肪酸代谢途径的改变情况,进一步总结了ncRNA调控脂代谢异常参与HCC恶性生物学表型的研究进展。本文介绍临床ncRNAs通过调控脂质代谢影响HCC表型的进展,为临床靶向性肿瘤治疗提供新的策略。     

Selection of an optimal set of biomarkers and comparative analyses of biological age estimation models in Korean females

To date, an optimal working model which predicts biological age (BA) with a set of working biomarkers has not been devised to represent the Korean female population. Accuracy of prediction and applicability are required of an optimal set of commonly assessed biomarkers to provide information on the health status. The goal of this study was to identify a set of biomarkers that represent the aging process and to develop and compare different BA prediction models to elucidate the most fitting and applicable model for providing information on health status in the Korean female population. Using a series of selection processes, eight clinically assessable variables were selected by analyzing relations between 31 clinical variables and chronologic age in 912 normal, healthy individuals among 3642 female participants with ages ranging from 30 to 80 years. The multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component analysis (PCA), and the Klemera-Doubal (KDM) statistical methods were applied to obtain three different sets of BA prediction models. These three models were assessed by calculating and performing the coefficient determinations (r²), regression slopes, effect sizes, pairwise t-tests, and Bland-Altman plots. The BA models were further compared for the applicability by calculating the BAs of clinical risk groups. MLR showed the narrowing effects at the either ends of the age spectrum with greatest effect sizes. PCA showed the greatest degree of dispersion and deviation from the regression center. These MLR and PCA trends were also exhibited by clinically risk groups. In conclusion, the KDM BA prediction model based on the selected biomarkers was found to provide the most reliable and stable results for the practical assessment of BA.