人工关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折效果观察

目的探讨人工关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折的相关问题。方法对65例72岁以上老年髋部骨折采用人工髋关节置换治疗的资料进行回顾性分析。其中男25例,女40例;年龄72—99岁,平均78岁;股骨颈骨折48例,股骨转子间骨折17例;行人工全髋置换23例,单纯双极人工股骨头置换42例。结果随访24—60个月,平均36个月,髋关节按Harris评分：优46例,良12例,差7例,总优良率89．3％。结论采用人工髋关节置换术治疗老年人髋部骨折,卧床时间短,可早期下床功能锻炼,防止并发症的发生,术后髋关节功能恢复良好,有效提高了老年人术后生活质量。     

非新生儿破伤风诊疗规范

中国已于2012年消除了新生儿破伤风,但非新生儿破伤风仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题。非新生儿破伤风重症患者在无医疗干预的情况下,病死率接近100%,即使经过积极的综合治疗,全球范围病死率仍为30%-50%,是一种极为严重的潜在致命性疾病。为规范中国非新生儿破伤风诊疗行为,提高医疗质量,保障医疗安全,特制定本规范。本规范包括非新生儿破伤风的病原学、流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、实验室检查、诊断、鉴别诊断、分级、治疗等内容。     

Three-dimensional reconstruction image by biplanar stereoradiography reflects pulmonary functional states in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

This study investigated whether the rib cage parameters estimated based on reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) images with biplanar stereoradiography reflect pulmonary functional states in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. A total of 67 Lenke type 1 or 2 AIS patients (59 females and 8 males, mean age 14.4 years) were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative pulmonary functional tests (PFT) and biplanar stereoradiography. Vital capacity (VC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) pulmonary functional data were collected. Rib-cage parameters (maximum thickness, maximum width, thoracic index (TI), rib hump (RH), rib-cage volume (RCV), spinal penetration index (SPI), endothoracic hump ratio (EHR), vertebra–sternum angle (VSA), rib vertebral angle difference (RVAD), and vertebral lateral decentering (VLD)) were quantified from 3D images. Patients were divided into two groups: restrictive lung disorder (RLD) (%FVC < 80%) and non-RLD (%FVC ≥ 80%). The maximum width and RCV were significantly correlated with VC (p < 0.0001), and FVC (p < 0.0001). RH, EHR, and VSA were negatively correlated with %FVC (p < 0.01). TI, SPI, and RVAD were not correlated with any pulmonary parameters. The maximum widths of RLD patients were significantly shorter than those of the non-RLD patients (218.3 mm vs. 229.7 mm, p < 0.01). The RCV of RLD patients was significantly smaller than that of the non-RLD patients (3.94 L vs. 4.49 L, p < 0.0001). The maximum width and RCV measured by 3D images with biplanar stereoradiography reflected pulmonary functional variables in patients with AIS.     

Olaparib Use in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Harboring Somatic BRCA1/2 Mutations or Mutations in Non-BRCA1/2, DNA Damage Repair Genes

BackgroundPoly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are active in patients with germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2)-mutated breast cancer, accounting for 5% to 10% of all breast cancers. Another 5% to 10% harbor somatic BRCA1/2 (sBRCA1/2) mutations or mutations in non-BRCA1/2, homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes but until recently, there were no data for the use of PARPi in these patients. This study examines the use of olaparib in patients with metastatic breast cancer harboring sBRCA1/2 or germline or somatic non-BRCA1/2, HRR mutations and demonstrates potential activity of PARPi in this setting.MethodsIn this retrospective, single institution study, patients who were treated with off-label, off-protocol olaparib for metastatic breast cancer harboring sBRCA1/2 or germline or somatic non-BRCA1/2, HRR mutations were identified. The primary aim was to describe these patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, mutations, safety and tolerability, response rates, progression free survival, PARPi-associated survival and subsequent treatment.ResultsSeven patients were treated off-label, off-trial with olaparib for sBRCA1/2-mutated cancers (n = 4) or non-BRCA1/2, HRR-mutated cancers (n = 3). All patients with sBRCA1/2-mutated cancers responded to PARP inhibition; patients with non-BRCA1/2, HRR-mutated cancers did not respond. The median progression free survival in patients with a sBRCA1/2 mutation was 6.5 months (range 5-9 months) vs. 3 months (range 2-4 months) in patients with non-BRCA1/2, HRR mutations.ConclusionThis single institution experience adds to recent larger reports confirming evidence for PARPi therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer harboring sBRCA1/2 mutations. No activity was observed in patients with either germline or somatic non-BRCA1/2, HRR-mutated cancers.     

数字化成形钛网颅骨修补术临床运用研究

目的探讨数字化成形钛网修补颅骨缺损临床运用价值。方法对43例颅骨缺损患者采用数字化成形钛网修补颅骨缺损,与同期39例采用传统手工塑形钛网颅骨修补术治疗患者手术时间、术后并发症发生率进行比较。术后随访半年,统计术后患者外观满意度,功能状态评分（KPS评分）,生活质量评分（QOL评分）及评估疗效。结果数字化成形钛网组的手术时间、术后并发症发生率、外观满意度明显优于传统手工塑形钛网组（P〈0.01）,术后KPS评分、QOL评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论数字化成形钛网在颅骨缺损修补方面外观塑形满意,疗效确切,在有选择的条件下可作为目前颅骨缺损修补的首选术式。     

Tossy Ⅲ度肩锁关节脱位术后常见并发症

目的：回顾性分析TossyⅢ度肩锁关节脱位术后常见并发症及其防治措施。方法：48例TossyⅢ度肩锁关节脱位患者分别以克氏针张力带内固定（A组）14例、拉力螺钉或钢丝内固定（B组）11例、锁骨钧钢板内固定（C组）23例,分析3类术后发生的并发症,总结产生原因及防治措施。结果：48例患者均获随访,随访时间2个月～3年,平均18个月。A组优8例,良4例,差2例;B组优7例,良3例,差1例;C组优21例,良1例,差1例。术后优秀率A、C组间差异有显著性意义,P〈0．05;A组术后疼痛4例,肩周炎3例,肩锁关节炎3例,内固定失效4例,再次脱位2例;B组术后疼痛3例,肩用炎2例,肩锁关节炎1例,内固定失效3例,再次脱位1例;C组术后疼痛2例,肩周炎2例,肩锁关节炎1例,内固定失效2例,再次脱位l例。术后并发症组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：选择合适的内固定方式和合理重建喙锁、喙肩韧带是治疗肩锁关节脱位的基本要求。术中对肩锁关节间隙的彻底清理,韧带的确切重建．以及术中切实可靠的坚强固定才是减少并发症的有效手段。     

某区在托学龄前儿童龋病的调查分析

目的对在托学龄前儿童龋病调查分析,探讨儿童口腔卫生保健的对策。方法 2008年至2012年对辖区内幼儿园的学龄前儿童进行口腔检查结果进行分析。结果近5年学龄前儿童龋病率有所下降,但龋病率仍较高。结论学龄前儿童龋病率较高。预防龋病应采取综合措施,定期检查,实施氟保护,及时治疗龋齿。     

心房颤动患者经皮冠状动脉支架置入术后抗栓策略

心房颤动(简称房颤)是临床最常见的心律失常之一,有极高的致残率及致死率。2010版的房颤治疗指南中抗栓治疗跃居其治疗总策略的第一位。房颤患者行冠状动脉支架置入术后针对不同抗栓机制的联合治疗策略是合理的,但目前很难把握好有效抗凝及出血风险的平衡点,需要根据个体化的实际情况,在术前严格评估患者术后的栓塞及出血风险,预见性地选择患者围术期及术后长期的持续抗栓方案。