加速康复外科理念在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸围术期的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)病人中的应用效果.方法 收集2016年1月至2020年12月在我院接受AIS手术治疗的138例病人的病例资料.将2016年1月至2018年6月给予常规围术期管理措施的69例病人纳入对照组,2018年7月至2020年12月进行ERAS理念管理的69...     

老年腰椎间盘突出症患者围术期的疼痛护理

目的：探讨无痛护理对老年腰椎间盘突出症患者围术期疼痛的作用。方法选取2012年10月-2014年6月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院住院手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者164例,随机分为无痛护理组和常规护理组,每组各82例。常规护理组采用常规优质护理,无痛护理组在常规护理上采用无痛护理。两组患者均在术前24 h及术后6、12、24、48 h进行疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分,并在出院时对患者分别进行疼痛治疗方式满意度调查、疼痛照顾满意度调查以及疼痛缓解满意度调查。结果无痛护理组在术前24 h及术后6、12、24 h的VAS评分低于常规护理组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。疼痛治疗方式满意度调查两组比较（89.0%比86.6%）,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=8.67,P〉0.05）;疼痛照顾满意度调查无痛护理组（96.3%）优于常规护理组（86.6%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=50.19,P〈0.05）;疼痛缓解满意度调查无痛护理组（95.1%）优于常规护理组（75.6%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=20.26,P〈0.05）。结论采用无痛护理模式对老年腰椎间盘突出症患者围术期的疼痛具有明显的缓解作用。     

腹腔镜基本技能的模拟训练

腹腔镜基本技能的培训是微创外科发展的必然要求,哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院微创外科针对从事微创外科的医务工作者,通过讲解有关腹腔镜基本理论知识,并与模拟训练和手术观摩等方式相结合,教法灵活,使学员真正掌握这门微创技术。     

Clinical characteristics,rates of blindness,and geographic features of PACD in China

ObjectiveTo analyze the rates of blindness with the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with primary angle-closure disease (PACD) to provide a comprehensive epidemiologic reference in China.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in the Chinese Glaucoma Study Consortium database, which is a national multicenter glaucoma research alliance of 111 hospitals participating between December 21, 2015 and September 9, 2018. The diagnosis of PACD was made by qualified physicians through examination. Comparison of sex, age, family history, subtypes of PACD, and blindness were analyzed.ResultsA total of 5762 glaucoma patients were included, of which 4588 (79.6%) had PACD. Of PACD patients, 72.1% were female with the sex ratio (F/M) of 2.6, and the average age of patients was 63.8±9.3 years with the majority between 60 and 70 years. Additionally, 30% of these patients had low vision in one eye, 8.8% had low vision in both eyes, 1.7% had blindness in one eye, and 0.3% had blindness in both eyes. There were statistical differences with regards to age between male and female patients with PACD, with male patients being older on average. Primary angle-closure glaucoma was more commonly diagnosed in males (60%) compared to females (35.9%), whereas acute primary angle closure (APAC) was more commonly diagnosed in females (54.3%) compared to males (37.7%). The visual acuity in APAC patients was lower and the rate of low vision and blindness was higher than other subtypes.ConclusionPACD was the major type of glaucoma in Chinese hospitals. There were more female patients with PACD, mostly between 60 and 70 years old, with higher rates of APAC in women. APAC resulted in the worst visual outcomes of all PACD subtypes.     

还原型谷胱甘肽与多烯磷脂酰胆碱对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠肝损伤的修复作用

目的：分析比较还原型谷胱甘肽与多烯磷脂酰胆碱对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠肝损伤的防护作用。方法采用简单随机抽样法将40只昆明小鼠分为肝损伤模型组、还原型谷胱甘肽组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱组和对照组,每组10只。前3组小鼠实验第1-4天均腹腔注射环磷酰胺（100 mg· kg-1·d-1）诱导肝损伤,第5-14天分别腹腔注射0.9%氯化钠注射液0.2 ml、还原型谷胱甘肽180 mg · kg-1· d-1、多烯磷脂酰胆碱90 mg·kg-1·d-1;对照组同期腹腔注射等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液。实验第1天给药前和第15天测定小鼠体重;实验第15天,小鼠处死前眼眶取血测定血清总胆红素和谷胱甘肽水平,处死小鼠后取肝脏称重并计算肝脏系数,取肝组织测定丙氨酸转氨酶（ ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）水平,并进行肝组织形态学观察。结果实验第15天,应用环磷酰胺的3组小鼠体重均明显低于对照组（P 〈0.01或 P 〈0.05）,但还原型谷胱甘肽组体重高于肝损伤模型组（P 〈0.05）;肝损伤模型组小鼠肝脏系数（5.74%±0.11%）高于对照组（4.68%±0.37%）和还原型谷胱甘肽组（4.81%±0.19%）（均 P 〈0.01）,多烯磷脂酰胆碱组小鼠肝脏系数（5.25%±0.35%）]也高于对照组（P 〈0.05）。肝损伤模型组、还原型谷胱甘肽组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱组血清总胆红素水平[（129.8±1.9）、（110.9±1.3）、（125.7±2.6）μmol/ L]均高于对照组（100.8±3.0）μmol/ L（均 P 〈0.01）,但还原型谷胱甘肽组低于肝损伤模型组（P 〈0.01）。肝损伤模型组和多烯磷脂酰胆碱组血清谷胱甘肽水平[（50.5±1.9）、（55.9±2.4）g/ L]均低于对照组和还原型谷胱甘肽组[（73.8±4.3）、（71.3±3.7）g/ L]（均 P 〈0.01）。肝损伤模型组、还原型谷胱甘肽组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱组肝组织 AST、ALT、SOD 和 CAT ?     

心肌梗死伴二尖瓣返流影响因素的心脏MR研究

目的:采用心脏磁共振成像探究伴或不伴二尖瓣返流的心肌梗死患者的左心室结构和功能差异,并分析可能促使心肌梗死患者发生二尖瓣返流的影响因素.方法:回顾性分析心肌梗死患者131例,并将其分为不伴二尖瓣返流组(56例)以及伴二尖瓣返流组(75例),分析比较两组的一般临床资料、左心室结构功能数据及钆对比剂延迟强化数据.结果:与不...     

Potential predictive value of cofilin-1 for metastasis occurrence in a small cohort of Argentinian patients with mid-low Breslow thickness melanoma

Nowadays, histopathological criteria for melanocytic lesions are the mainstay prognostic factors for melanoma. However, there are cases in which these parameters fall short to predict melanoma spread.We recently demonstrated a correlation of cofilin-1 levels, a key protein for tumor invasion, with different histopathological parameters associated with melanoma malignancy as well as a negative correlation with survival. In order to broaden our previous findings, we aim to estimate the probability of a melanoma to metastasize as a function of both a conventional histopathological parameter (Breslow thickness, BT) and cofilin-1’s immunohistochemical expression levels, which we propose as a potential marker for metastasis.We used a Bayesian approach to analyze clinical and cofilin-1 datasets formerly obtained from a patients' small cohort diagnosed with malignant melanocytic lesions since 2000 until 2008; classified at different tumor stages with or without detected metastasis and with at least 5 years of clinical follow-up.Low BT values exhibited wide variance to predict metastasis occurrence, while the differential diagnostic value of cofilin-1 confirmed BT diagnosis or resulted more precise to predict outcome. Particularly, the probability of metastasis estimation improved when cofilin-1 was combined with BT for specific cases, where BT displayed large uncertainties.Our analysis and the cofilin-1 determination provided statistically significant prognostic value in mid-low BT melanomas, which could complement further evaluation criteria to assist diagnosis and treatment decision-making. Moreover, the combined use of cofilin-1 with BT, if validated in follow-up studies, would be feasible to help patients’ selection for treatment and optimize health resources.     

Expression and prognostic significance of the P53-related DNA damage repair proteins checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma

DNA damage repair is a key factor in the maintenance of cell genome stability, plays an important role in the regulation of tumour evolution, and can affect the prognosis of cancer patients. This study aimed to detect the protein expression of the DNA damage repair protein P53 and its upstream and downstream regulators, CHK1, GADD45A, and MDM2, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in order to analyse the association between the expression of these proteins and overall survival, and to assess their prognostic implications for OSCC patients. The expression of the above proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry in 80 human OSCC tissue samples and in non-cancerous tissue samples. Compared to that in the non-cancerous tissue, the expression of CHK1, GADD45A, and MDM2 in OSCC tissue was significantly increased. The protein expression of the tumour suppressor gene P53 was also increased. Patients with high CHK1 and MDM2 expression levels had a reduced survival time and a poor prognosis, whereas patients with high GADD45A expression levels had a good prognosis. Our results indicate that high CHK1 expression is an independent risk factor for poor OSCC prognosis, and that CHK1 may be a potential target for OSCC clinical treatment.     

PCDH20在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

原钙黏蛋白20(PCDH20)是一种带有亲同种抗原结合活性的跨膜蛋白，为原钙黏蛋白家族组成部分之一。研究发现，它的编码基因存在于13q21染色体。PCDH20参与神经系统的生长发育及脊髓背角骨癌疼痛相关兴奋性突触的形成,并可以通过各种机制参与癌症的发生发展。研究结果初步证明其可以作为多种肿瘤的抑制基因，在肝癌、喉鳞癌等多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着重要意义。有望为肿瘤的诊疗提供新的思路和方案。本文就近年来对PCDH20在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

超声引导下医用乙醇联合聚桂醇硬化治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿

目的探讨超声引导下医用乙醇联合聚桂醇硬化治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿（OEC）的疗效。 方法选取2016年9月至2018年5月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院行超声引导下OEC介入治疗的患者88例，共计106个囊肿。依据应用硬化剂的不同，将其分为医用乙醇组（对照组）44例共计53个病灶和医用乙醇联合聚桂醇组（观察组）44例共计53个病灶。于治疗后3个月、6个月分别计算2组患者的治愈率及总有效率，比较2组患者疗效的差异；并对2组患者治疗前后的CA125水平以及治疗中及治疗后的不良反应发生率进行比较分析。 结果治疗后3个月，医用乙醇组治愈率为79.2%，联合组治愈率为73.6%，总有效率均为100.0%，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后6个月，医用乙醇组治愈率为96.2%，联合组治愈率为92.5%，总有效率均为100.0%，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组患者治疗后3个月血清糖类抗原125（CA125）水平均明显下降，与治疗前相比，差异均有统计学意义（t=6.13、8.39，P均<0.01），医用乙醇组中13.6%及联合组中15.9%的患者血清CA125水平未降至正常水平；治疗后6个月2组的血清CA125水平均降至正常范围，与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义（t=5.86、8.76，P均<0.01）；2组治疗后3个月及6个月组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。联合组在治疗中及治疗后3~7 d腹痛及醉酒样反应不良反应发生率明显低于医用乙醇组，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；治疗中2组患者均未出现发热，治疗后3~7 d联合组发热不良反应发生率明显高于医用乙醇组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论超声引导下医用乙醇联合聚桂醇介入治疗OEC具有与单纯医用乙醇相同的疗效，且不良反应发生率低，对于乙醇过敏及对疼痛敏感的患者选择医用乙醇硬化冲洗联合聚桂醇保留的治疗方法优于单纯医用乙醇硬化法。