直肠癌手术下切缘阳性的危险因素及预后分析

目的:探讨分析直肠癌患者行保肛手术出现下切缘阳性的危险因素及预后。方法:筛选2016年1月-2020年12月在我院行直肠癌手术患者283例，病理示下切缘阳性再行R0切除患者21例作为观察组，262例直接达R0切除患者为对照组。回顾性分析两组患者临床病例资料并随访。结果:BMI（OR=4.325，95%CI:1.633~11.457，P=0.003）、新辅助治疗（OR=2.819，95%CI:1.062~7.484，P=0.038）、肿瘤距肛缘距离（OR=3.201，95%CI:1.200~8.538，P=0.020）为术中出现下切缘阳性的独立危险因素。观察组3年无瘤生存率为47.6%显著低于对照组的71.4%(P=0.023)。两组间1年无瘤生存率、1年总生存率以及3年总生存率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:BMI、新辅助治疗、肿瘤距肛缘距离是影响直肠癌标本下切缘阳性的独立危险因素。出现下切缘阳性的直肠癌患者即使再行根治手术预后仍较差。     

PD-1 blockader-associated atypical hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A cautionary case report

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal immune hyperactivity syndrome with high mortality. It seriously endangers human health. HLH associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is rare, and no particular diagnostic guidelines or treatment regimens exist. A 36-year-old patient with metastatic right atrial angiosarcoma was treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockader toripalimab and pazopanib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blockader. However, the patient presented to our center with HLH, and he accepted combination therapy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and immunotherapy. The patient improved quickly, after only one TPE procedure. Finally, he was discharged after completing two TPE procedures. We summarize a case of PD-1 blocker associated atypical HLH that was successfully treated with TPE. Further evidence is needed to elucidate whether TPE has therapeutic potential for immunotherapy associated HLH.     

Use and Interchange of Incretin Mimetics in the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases: A Narrative Review

PurposeGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and now tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 RA/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonist, have numerous advantages in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, yet only 11% of patients with type 2 diabetes are prescribed a GLP-1 RA. This narrative review addresses the complexity and cost issues surrounding incretin mimetics to support clinicians.MethodsThis narrative review summarizes key trials on the differing effects of incretin mimetics on glycosylated hemoglobin and weight, provides a table with rationale for how to interchange among agents, and summarizes the key factors that guide drug selection beyond guidance from the American Diabetes Association. To support proposed dose interchanges, we preferentially selected high-quality, prospective randomized controlled trials with direct comparisons of agents and doses when available.FindingsTirzepatide produces the greatest reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin and weight, but its impact on cardiovascular events is still under investigation. Subcutaneous semaglutide and liraglutide are approved for weight loss specifically and are effective in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Although producing less weight loss, only dulaglutide has effectiveness in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Semaglutide is the only orally available incretin mimetic; however, the oral formulation produces less weight loss versus its subcutaneous alternative and did not have cardioprotection in its outcomes trial. Although effective in controlling type 2 diabetes, exenatide extended release has the least impact on glycosylated hemoglobin and weight among commonly used agents, while not having cardioprotection. However, exenatide extended release may be preferred on some restrictive insurance formularies.ImplicationsAlthough trials have not explicitly studied how to interchange among agents, interchanges can be guided by comparisons between agents’ impact on glycosylated hemoglobin and weight. Efficient changes among agents can help clinicians optimize patient-centered care, particularly in the face of changing patient needs and preferences, insurance formularies, and drug shortages.     

垂体相关临床及MRI影像组学特征联合列线图鉴别特发性中枢性性早熟与单纯乳房早发育

目的 观察垂体相关临床及MRI影像组学特征联合列线图鉴别特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)与单纯乳房早发育(PT)的价值。方法 纳入67例ICPP及51例PT共118例患儿,按照7 ∶ 3比例随机分为训练集(n=83)和验证集(n=35),记录其垂体相关临床资料,以多因素logistic回归分析筛选并建立临床模型。采集垂体MRI,基于矢状位T1WI提取垂体影像组学特征,以最大相关最小冗余、最小绝对收缩和选择算子及多因素logistic回归筛选最佳影像组学特征,构建影像组学模型。联合应用临床、MRI及影像组学特征构建列线图模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评估模型鉴别诊断效能;以决策曲线分析(DCA)观察临床获益度。结果 训练集ICPP与PT患儿年龄、骨龄、体质量、黄体生成素(LH)基础值、卵泡刺激素基础值及垂体高度差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。骨龄及LH基础值是鉴别ICPP与PT的独立因素(OR=1.807、1.422,P均＜0.05),以之建立的临床模型鉴别训练集、验证集ICPP与PT的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.849和0.812。共提取垂体1 781个影像组学特征,于其中筛选出1个形态特征、1个一阶特征及1个灰度区域大小矩阵特征建立影像组学模型,其鉴别训练集和验证集ICPP与PT的AUC分别为0.956和0.947。基于最终得出的2个临床及3个垂体MRI影像组学特征构建的列线图模型鉴别训练集、验证集ICPP与PT的AUC分别为0.981、0.977,均优于临床模型(P均＜0.05),而与影像组学模型差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。一定危险阈值范围内,列线图模型净收益最大。结论 基于垂体相关临床及MRI影像组学特征建立的联合列线图模型用于鉴别ICPP与PT具有较高价值。     

Relative immunogenicity of blood group antigens: First report in a Korean population

BackgroundThe immunogenicity of a blood group antigen is a measure of its likelihood of inducing alloantibodies. Although the immunogenicity of blood group antigens has been analyzed in Caucasian populations, immunogenicity to date has not been analyzed in Asian subjects. The present study therefore evaluated the relative immunogenicity of blood group antigens in a Korean population.Study design and methodsAll available data of unexpected antibody identification tests performed at Asan Medical Center between 1997 and 2021 were analyzed. The relative immunogenicity of a blood group antigen relative to K antigen was calculated based on relative numbers of alloantibodies and the probabilities of antigen-negative recipients receiving antigen-positive RBC units.ResultsA total of 3898 antibody identification results were included, with 1632 (41.9 %) from male patients. The ranking of antigen immunogenicity was: E > c > e > C > K > Jk(a) > Lu(a) > S > Fy(a) > Fy(b) > Jk(b) > Di(b) > Di(a) in the total population and E > c > e > C > Jk(a) > Fy(a) > Fy(b) > S > K > Lu(a) > Jk(b) > Di(b) > Di(a) in male patients.DiscussionThe rank order of immunogenicity for blood group antigens in this study provides information about relative immunogenecity in Koreans. These findings also provide supporting evidence regarding antigen selection for extended antigen-matched transfusions in recipients of multiple transfusions.     

CT灌注参数和围手术期临床资料用于预测成年烟雾病患者接受联合搭桥术后发生脑过度灌注综合征

目的 观察术前CT灌注(CTP)参数及围手术期临床资料用于预测联合搭桥术治疗成年人烟雾病(MMD)后过度灌注综合征(CHS)的价值。方法 回顾性收集60例接受联合搭桥术的成年MMD患者,根据术后是否发生CHS分为CHS组(n=18)和非CHS组(n=42);比较组间术前1周内头颅CTP参数和围手术期临床资料差异,采用logistic回归分析评估术后CHS的危险因素,并以受试者工作特征曲线评估各参数预测CHS的效能。结果 组间术前脑血容量(CBV)、流量提取乘积(FEP)及术后当日平均动脉压(MAP)差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。术前FEP及术后当日MAP较高是联合搭桥术治疗成年MMD后发生CHS的危险因素。以术前CBV、FEP及术后当日MAP预测联合搭桥术治疗成年MMD后发生CHS的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.712、0.771及0.665,三者联合AUC为0.872,高于各单一因素(Z=2.17、2.77、3.13,P均＜0.05)。结论 术前CBV、FEP及术后当日MAP有助于预测成年MMD患者接受联合搭桥术后发生CHS;联合应用三者可提高预测效能。     

Multidrug Interactions: Why Do They Occur and How to Handle?

A nonoptimized medication therapy (NOMT) event is an iatrogenic hazard or incident associated with medications and is a leading cause of death, serious injury, and illness. NOMT events are often related to multidrug interactions in patients with polypharmacy. In these patients, NOMT events can be avoided by using advanced clinical decision support systems and clinical interventions such as separating the time of administration of certain drugs during the day. At the individual level, medication reconciliation is a first logical step for reducing adverse side effects. Then, intersubject variability in drug response should be considered to optimize patient drug regimens. Furthermore, patient pharmacogenomic status information can help ensure appropriateness of drug therapy. However, in patients with polypharmacy, such information is most valuable when combined with phenoconversion probability. At a population level, the virtual addition of drugs to various drug regimens and the use of a medication risk score can help predict the risk of NOMT events. This review outlines some of the mechanisms behind multidrug interactions and their association with drug safety and NOMTs, polypharmacy and its impact on patient outcomes, the value of pharmacogenomics, and an assessment of simulation studies and the virtual addition of drugs to a drug regimen using real-world data.     

基于腰椎定量CT分析强直性脊柱炎合并肌少症危险因素

目的 基于腰椎定量CT(QCT)分析强直性脊柱炎(AS)合并肌少症的危险因素。方法 前瞻性纳入100例AS患者(AS组)及100名健康体检者(对照组),行腰椎QCT检查；测量并计算腰椎骨密度(BMD)、L3骨骼肌面积(SMA)、椎后肌群肌肉面积(MA)、椎后肌群脂肪面积(FA)、椎后肌群脂肪浸润(MFI)程度及竖脊肌CT脂肪百分数(CTFF),根据L3骨骼肌指数(SMI)将AS组分为肌少症亚组(n=26)和非肌少症亚组(n=74)。以Pearson或Spearman相关分析观察AS组病程、体质量指数(BMI)、腰椎BMD、椎后肌群MFI及竖脊肌CTFF与L3 SMI的相关性；构建多因素logistic回归模型，分析影响AS合并肌少症的独立因素。结果 AS组腰椎BMD、L3 SMI及椎后肌群MA均低于对照组(P均<0.05),而椎后肌群FA、MFI及竖脊肌CTFF均高于对照组(P均<0.05)。肌少症亚组BMI及腰椎BMD均低于非肌少症亚组(P均<0.05),而病程、椎后肌群MFI及竖脊肌CTFF均高于非肌少症亚组(P均<0.05)。AS组BMI及腰椎BMD均与L...