Analysis of CD8+ Treg cells in patients with ovarian cancer: a possible mechanism for immune impairment

Regulatory T (Treg) cells may participate in mediating a suppressive microenvironment that blunts successful anti-tumor immunotherapy. Recent studies show that CD8⁺ Treg cells might impede effective immune responses to established tumors. However, there is limited research regarding CD8⁺ Treg cells in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Here, we investigated CD8⁺ Treg cells in OC patients and their in vitro induction. The immunohistochemistry of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed a significant correlation between the intratumoral CD8⁺ T cells and the forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)⁺ cells in the intraepithelial and stromal areas of advanced OC tissues. We examined the expression of Treg markers in CD8⁺ T cells from the peripheral blood and fresh tumor tissues of OC patients using flow cytometry. Our results indicated an increase in the CD8⁺ Treg cell subsets of OC patients compared with those in patients with benign ovarian tumors and healthy controls, including an increased expression of CD25, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and Foxp3 and decreased CD28 expression. To demonstrate whether the tumor microenvironment could convert CD8⁺ effector T cells into suppressor cells, we used an in vitro transwell culturing system. Compared with the CD8⁺ T cells cultured alone, the CD8⁺ Treg cells induced in vitro by coculture with SK-OV-3/A2780 showed increased CTLA-4 and Foxp3 expression and decreased CD28 expression. In addition, the in vitro-induced CD8⁺ Treg cells inhibited naïve CD4⁺ T-cell proliferation, which was partially mediated through TGF-β1 and IFN-γ. Our study suggests that CD8⁺ Treg cells were increased in OC patients and could be induced in vitro, which may be the way that tumors limit antitumor immunity and evade immune surveillance.     

Modulation of microRNAs by aspirin in cardiovascular disease

Aspirin is among the most widely prescribed drugs in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for both primary and secondary prevention. The major mechanisms underlying its benefits are the inhibitory effects on platelet activation and prostanoid biosynthesis induced by COX-1 and COX-2 inactivation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are newly proposed mediators of the effects of aspirin. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the links between miRNAs and aspirin use in relation to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we discuss the studies suggesting a possible role for miRNAs as biomarkers of aspirin resistance, a condition during which atherothrombotic events occur despite aspirin use, and which affects a considerable proportion of patients with cardiovascular disease.     

Intrahepatic Glissonian approach and outflow vascular occlusion during partial hepatectomy

Under ultrasound guidance, a blunt suture needle was inserted around the Glissonian pedicle and then sutured. This technique significantly reduced the blood loss and facilitated the procedure of partial hepatectomy. We applied this technique in 182 patients who needed partial hepatectomy. We concluded that this method is simple and easy to occlude the vascular inflow and outflow, and allows an accurate delineation of the anatomic zone and therefore, simplifies the procedure of partial hepatectomy.     

109例肺泡蛋白沉积症临床影像及病理特征分析

目的肺泡蛋白沉积症为肺部少见疾病,通过本组病例的学习,提高大家对肺泡蛋白沉积症的认识,减少误诊和漏诊。方法收集2011年01月至2019年03月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院呼吸与危重症医学科经病理学明确诊断为肺泡蛋白沉积症的109例患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、胸部HRCT及病理学表现。结果本组患者平均年龄48±11岁(20~73岁),其中男68例,女41例。临床表现:以活动后气喘(70例)和咳嗽伴或不伴咳痰(64例)最多见,胸闷27例,胸痛7例,发热6例,咯血1例。另外体检发现7例。实验室检查:血CEA升高8例,NSE升高49例,CYFRA21-1升高67例;合并有自身抗体异常14例;血甘油三脂增高25例;血气分析示低氧血症患者共54例。HRCT主要表现:典型肺泡蛋白沉积症表现(铺路石症和地图样分布)共102例,实变影6例,细网状阴影6例,纵隔淋巴结肿大2例,结节影2例,胸腔积液1例,胸膜增厚1例。所有患者均进行了病理学检查,肺泡灌洗液PAS染色阳性,和或肺活检组织示肺泡腔内无定形嗜伊红物沉积且PAS染色阳性。其中经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB+BAL)85例,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺3例,外科胸腔镜2例,支气管镜冷冻肺活检(TBLC)2例;另外17例经肺泡灌洗检查明确诊断。结论肺泡蛋白沉积症患者的临床表现多样,缺乏特异性,绝大多数患者HRCT表现典型,确诊仍需病理。     

全科专业住院医师规范化培训学员职业倦怠及其影响因素研究

背景　全科医师是初级医疗保健体系和分级诊疗的重要支点,全科专业住院医师规范化培训（以下简称全科住培）是培养高素质全科医师最重要的渠道,但目前我国的执业现状使学员易产生职业倦怠,分析其职业倦怠影响因素可为完善全科住培管理和壮大全科医师队伍提供依据。目的　了解全科住培学员职业倦怠现状,并分析其影响因素。方法　2019年3-4月,从江苏省13个市各抽取1家国家级全科住培基地,基地内全科学员全样本调查,共抽取682名学员。采用自制社会人口学调查表、职业倦怠普适量表调查学员的职业倦怠情况,采用多元线性回归分析探讨全科住培学员职业倦怠的影响因素。结果　共发放问卷682份,回收有效问卷604份,有效问卷回收率为88.6%。职业倦怠3个维度情绪耗竭维度得分为（15.34±7.02）分、去个性化维度得分为（9.17±6.36）分、个人成就感低落维度得分为（13.61±8.12）分。零倦怠检出率为43.7%（264/604）,轻度职业倦怠检出率为27.3%（165/604）,中度职业倦怠检出率为21.5%（130/604）,重度职业倦怠检出率为7.5%（45/604）。体育锻炼次数、睡眠时长是全科住培学员情绪耗竭的影响因素（P<0.05）;学历、体育锻炼次数、睡眠时长、参加住培年度、收入水平是全科住培学员去个性化的影响因素（P<0.05）;性别、身份归属和体育锻炼次数是全科住培学员个人成就感低落的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　全科住培学员职业倦怠检出率较高。体育锻炼次数、睡眠时长、参加住培年度、收入水平、学历、性别、身份归属是全科住培学员职业倦怠的影响因素。建议加强全科住培学员体育锻炼和心理建设、探索构建“行业社会人”的培养模式、夯实基层基地的建设、提高全科住培学员薪资待遇等,来缓解或降低其职业倦怠程度。     

心房颤动患者射频消融术后运动耐力现状及影响因素分析

背景　运动耐力水平低下与心血管疾病所致死亡风险相关,对于心房颤动患者而言运动耐力可能是影响其生活质量和临床预后的重要因素。即使成功行射频消融术,患者运动耐力水平依然不容乐观,且针对其现状及影响因素的调查研究较少。目的　探讨心房颤动患者射频消融术后运动耐力现状及其影响因素。方法　采用便利抽样法,选取2018年5月-2019年6月在南京医科大学第一附属医院心内科就诊的189例完成射频消融术的心房颤动患者为研究对象,采用自制一般资料调查表收集患者的一般资料,运用心肺运动试验（CPET）评估患者运动耐力。运动耐力的影响因素采用多元线性回归分析。结果　心房颤动患者射频消融术后最大摄氧量（VO2max）平均为（19.7±6.1）ml?kg-1?min-1。Weber心功能分级A级85例（45.0%）、B级45例（23.8%）、C级52例（27.5%）、D级7例（3.7%）。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、运动习惯、术前美国纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）心功能分级、术前心房颤动症状（EHRA）分级、体质指数（BMI）心房颤动患者射频消融术后VO2max比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,运动习惯〔β=3.956,95%CI（2.746,5.269）〕、术前EHRA分级〔β=-4.651,95%CI（-5.318,-3.983）〕、BMI〔β=-0.224,95%CI（-0.383,-0.066）〕是心房颤动患者射频消融术后运动耐力的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　心房颤动患者即使射频消融术成功,短期内仍存在不同程度的运动耐力下降,提示临床应结合患者运动习惯、术前EHRA分级及BMI等采取相应干预措施以促进其运动耐力提升,进一步改善生活质量。     

气体信号分子硫化氢在颅脑外伤中的作用及其研究进展

颅脑外伤是一种常见损伤,死亡率居身体各部位损伤之首。脑外伤发生后的神经病理生理学过程十分复杂,传统的神经保护疗法不能取得显著疗效。硫化氢作为具有生物活性的第3种内源性气体信号分子,在体内可产生广泛的生理学作用,尤其对心血管系统和神经系统起着重要的调节作用。硫化氢对脑外伤具有损伤与保护双重作用,高浓度的硫化氢对机体造成损伤,低浓度的硫化氢可减轻脑外伤造成的损害。硫化氢对脑外伤后产生的炎症反应、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和自噬、钙离子流动等情况具有调节功能,从而对神经系统损伤发挥保护和修复作用,能作为治疗脑外伤的一种新思路。本文简述了近年研究中气体信号分子硫化氢在体内的来源与产生,硫化氢体系在脑外伤后的变化情况,以及硫化氢在颅脑外伤中的作用及其机制,并对其在脑外伤后的作用研究进行了展望。