移动医疗在医院医疗服务中的应用

介绍了移动医疗信息系统、无线网络、移动终端设备等移动医疗的基本架构,阐述了移动医疗在医院无线医护医疗服务、射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)定位服务、三网融合患者自助服务的应用情况、应用效果,优化了患者的就诊流程,提高了医护人员的工作效率,促进了医院的精细化管理。     

IL-1β上调大鼠HSCs TIMP-1 mRNA表达与JNK和P38通路的关系

目的探讨IL-1β调控大鼠HSCsTIMP-1mRNA表达与JNK、p38 MAPK通路的关系。方法RT-PCR用于检测大鼠HSCs TIMP-1 mRNA表达；Western blot用于测定IL-1刺激HSCs后JNK、p38的活化程度。结果IL-1β（10ng／mL）作用培养的HSCs 24h后，TIMP-1 mRNA表达（1．191±0．079）明显高于对照组（0．545±0．091），有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；IL-1β以时间依赖方式激活JNK、p38通路。用不同浓度JNK阻断剂-SP600125预处理HSCs后，IL-1β上调HSCs TIMP-1 mRNA表达作用受到抑制，分别为10μmol／L，1．022±0．113;20μmol／L，0．8694±0．070；40μmol／L，0．666±0．123，与对照组相比（1．163±0．107），各浓度组均有显著性差异（P〈0．05，P〈0．01，P〈0．01）。用不同浓度p38阻断剂-SB203580预处理HSCs后，HSCs表达TIMP-1 mRNA逐渐增多，分别为10μmol／L，1．507±0．099；20μmol／L，1．698±0．107；40μmol／L，1．857±0．054。与对照组相比（1．027±0．061），各浓度组均有显著性差异（P均〈0．01）。结论IL-1β可通过上调HSCs TIMP-1 mRNA的表达来加速肝纤维化的发生发展，JNK和p38信号蛋白参与了此过程，HSCs中两条通路均可被IL-1激活，但所起作用完全不同，它们相互作用相互调节，共同调控TIMP-1 mRNA的表达。     

Taurine improves neuron injuries and cognitive impairment in a mouse Parkinson’s disease model through inhibition of microglial activation

Clinical and experimental findings support the view that activation of hippocampus microglia through NADPH oxidase contributes to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Taurine, an antioxidant, displays an exclusive physical property on brain function, such as learning and memory. To date, the role of taurine in improving cognitive impairment in PD is not fully uncovered. Hence, we evaluated the protective effect of taurine on cognitive ability and explored the related mechanism in the model built by paraquat and maneb (P + M)-induced PD mice. Then the ability of learning and memory was observed by Morris water maze, neuron loss was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in hippocampus, the level of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and microglia activation was assessed by immunostaining, the molecules (gp91^phox, p47^phox, mac1, p-Src/Src and p-Erk/Erk) were examined by western blot. The results showed that taurine could alleviate the impairments in learning and memory induced by P + M injection in mice (decreased escape latency on day 4, P < 0.01; decreased swimming distance on day 4, P < 0.05; increased percent time in target quadrant, P < 0.05), corresponding with activation of microglia (decreased IBa-1 density, P < 0.001; decreased the protein expression of p47^phox, P < 0.05; decreased protein expression of gp91^phox, P < 0.01; decreased p-Src/Src, P < 0.01; decreased p-Erk/Erk, P < 0.01; decreased mac 1, P < 0.01), decreased neuron loss (increased number of NeurN⁺ neuron, P < 0.001; increased protein expression of NeruN, P < 0.01; decreased protein expression of caspase 3, P < 0.01) and increased PSD95 level in hippocampus (P < 0.01). The results indicated that mac1 and Src-Erk signaling was involved in increased NADPH oxidase expression in hippocampus microglia of P + M mice, and taurine could improve injuries in learning and memory through mac1 reduction. The new findings in mac1 triggering hippocampal microglia NADPH oxidase through Src/Erk pathway of the present study might provide a therapy target for PD.     

Heat shock protein is a key therapeutic target for nerve repair in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and severe peripheral nerve injury

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and a common cause of neuromuscular paralysis. Preceding infection induces the production of anti-ganglioside (GD) antibodies attacking its own peripheral nerves. In severe proximal peripheral nerve injuries that require long-distance axon regeneration, motor functional recovery is virtually nonexistent. Damaged axons fail to regrow and reinnervate target muscles. In mice, regenerating axons must reach the target muscle within 35 days (critical period) to reform functional neuromuscular junctions and regain motor function. Successful functional recovery depends on the rate of axon regeneration and debris removal (Wallerian degeneration) after nerve injury. The innate-immune response of the peripheral nervous system to nerve injury such as timing and magnitude of cytokine production is crucial for Wallerian degeneration. In the current study, forced expression of human heat shock protein (hHsp) 27 completely reversed anti-GD-induced inhibitory effects on nerve repair assessed by animal behavioral assays, electrophysiology and histology studies, and the beneficial effect was validated in a second mouse line of hHsp27. The protective effect of hHsp27 on prolonged muscle denervation was examined by performing repeated sciatic nerve crushes to delay regenerating axons from reaching distal muscle from 37 days up to 55 days. Strikingly, hHsp27 was able to extend the critical period of motor functional recovery for up to 55 days and preserve the integrity of axons and mitochondria in distal nerves. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that a number of key cytokines which are heavily involved in the early phase of innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration, were found to be upregulated in the sciatic nerve lysates of hHsp27 Tg mice at 1 day postinjury. However, persistent hyperinflammatory mediator changes were found after chronic denervation in sciatic nerves of littermate mice, but remained unchanged in hHsp27 Tg mice. Taken together, the current study provides insight into the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance muscle receptiveness (reinnervation) by accelerating axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.     

FGFR4 and TGF-β1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Correlation with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis

Objective: To investigate the expression and correlation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Materials and methods: The expression of TGF-β1 and FGFR4 in 126 HCC samples was detected immunohistochemically. Combined with clinical postoperative follow-up data, the expression of TGF-β1 and FGFR4 in HCC and the relationship with the prognosis of patients were analyzed by statistically.Results: The positive expression rate of TGF-β1 was 84.1% (106/126) in tumors, and that in peritumoral liver tissues was 64.3% (81/126); the positive expression rate of FGFR4 in tumors was 74.6% (94/126) and that in peritumoral liver tissues was 57.1% (72/126). The expression of TGF-β1 and FGFR4 in the carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in peritumoral liver tissues (p < 0.05). Intratumoral TGF-β1 and FGFR4 expression was associated with TNM stage (p < 0.05). TGF-β1 and FGFR4 expression levels didn''t significantly correlate with other clinicopathological parameters, including age, sex, tumor size, serum AFP level, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, etc. (p > 0.05). TGF-β1 expression was positively correlated with FGFR4 expression (r = 0.595, p < 0.05). Patients with positive FGFR4 or TGF-β1 expression had shorter overall survival compared with negative expression (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The expression of TGF-β1 and FGFR4 could make synergy on the occurrence and progression of HCC, and may be used as prognosis indicators for HCC patients.     

Undetected anomalies in foetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of isolated cleft

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of undetected additional anomalies following a prenatal diagnosis of isolated oral cleft. Data of all infants with a prenatal diagnosis of isolated oral cleft born between 2000 and 2015 were studied retrospectively. Additional anomalies detected after birth were categorized as minor or major and included structural and chromosomal anomalies. Isolated clefts of the lip (CL), lip and alveolus (CLA) and lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP) were diagnosed prenatally in 176 live-born infants. The type of cleft was more extensive after birth in 34/176 (19.3%) and less extensive in 16/176 (9.1%) newborns. Additional anomalies were diagnosed in 24 infants (13.6%), of which 12 (6.8%) were categorized as major. The latter included two submicroscopic chromosome anomalies and two gene mutations. Postnatal additional anomalies occurred more frequently in CLA and CLAP than in CL, and more in bilateral than in unilateral clefts. Major anomalies are still found in infants with a prenatal diagnosis of an isolated oral cleft. The prevalence of additional anomalies seems to be related to the type and bilaterality of the cleft, and this should be considered during prenatal counselling.     

Wire loop sinus membrane elevator: a novel instrument for lateral window sinus lift

This technical note introduces a novel instrument to facilitate lateral window sinus membrane elevation. The fabrication and use of the instrument are reported. The features of this instrument include easy control, good tactile sensation, flexibility in adjusting the instrument, and simple to replicate. Since its introduction, it has been the preferred instrument of our implant surgical trainees. Most importantly, it has proved to be an invaluable teaching tool, as it has helped not only to boost trainee confidence in the procedure, but also in their use of other sinus elevation instruments.     

Newer second-line glucose-lowering drugs versus thiazolidinediones on cirrhosis risk among older US adult patients with type 2 diabetes

AimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) accelerates progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis, yet the effects of most glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) on cirrhosis risk in T2D are unknown. To address this gap, we compared cirrhosis risk following initiation of newer second-line GLDs vs. thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which improve histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Materials and methodsUsing the US Medicare Fee-for-Service database (2007–2015) and an active comparator, new-user design, we estimated crude incidence rates (IRs) and propensity-score adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for incident cirrhosis, comparing newer GLDs (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)) vs. TZDs.ResultsAmong 239,549 total initiators, we observed 318, 151, and < 30 cirrhosis events when comparing DPP4i vs. TZD, GLP1RA vs. TZD, and SGLT2i vs. TZD, respectively. IRs ranged from 1.7 [95% CI, 0.8–3.6] to 3.6 [2.5–5.2] events per 1000 person-years. Point aHR estimates for cirrhosis were elevated among newer GLD initiators vs. TZD (DPP4i: 1.15 [0.89–1.50]; GLP1RA: 1.34 [0.82–2.20]; SGLT2i: 1.16, [0.44–3.08]), although estimates were imprecise due to short durations of drug exposure.ConclusionsWe observed mildly elevated cirrhosis risk with newer GLDs vs. TZD; however, uncertainty remains due to imprecise and statistically non-significant effect estimates.     

内科综合治疗HBV-ACLF患者的临床特点及转归

目的了解HBV-ACLF内科治疗患者的临床特点及预后。方法回顾性分析140例接受内科综合治疗的HBV-ACLF患者临床资料,根据治疗效果分为有效组和无效组。比较两组患者临床特点。结果内科综合治疗有效98例,无效42例,死亡23例。有效组肝硬化病史、肝性脑病、消化道出血及肝肾综合征发生率均低于无效组(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析显示,肝性脑病(OR=1.869,95%CI=1.073~3.256)、消化道出血(OR=3.478,95%CI=1.621~7.462)、肝肾综合征(OR=4.141,95%CI=1.031~5.091)、INR(OR=3.081,95%CI=1.497~6.341)、Scr(OR=2.817,95%CI=1.629~4.871)和MELD评分(OR=1.305,95%CI=1.194~1.426)是影响其疗效的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论HBV-ACLF内科综合疗效肯定,恩替卡韦联合糖皮质激素有助于提高疗效,而对于合并并发症、肝功能下降及MELD评分升高者,内科治疗效果较差。