血液透析滤过串联血液灌流联合骨化三醇冲击治疗对血透患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床疗效

目的探讨血液透析滤过串联血液灌流联合骨化三醇冲击治疗对维持性血液透析患者并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的临床疗效。 方法选取2019年01月至2019年06月60例维持性血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的患者作为研究对象，其中男性42例，女性18例；年龄20～68岁，平均(52±17.2)岁。对照组30例，每周常规血液透析3次，联合骨化三醇冲击治疗；研究组30例，每周常规血液透析1次，血液透析滤过1次，血液透析滤过＋血液灌流1次，联合骨化三醇冲击治疗。观察两组患者血钙、血磷、血甲状旁腺素、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等各项指标变化，并对两组患者的临床症状进行比较分析。 结果两组患者血甲状旁腺素均降低(P<0.05)；研究组患者的血甲状旁腺素、血磷、碱性磷酸酶明显低于对照组(P<0.05)；对照组治疗后血钙水平上升，较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；研究组治疗前后血钙水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论对维持性血液透析继发甲状旁腺功能亢进患者应用血液透析滤过串联血液灌流联合骨化三醇冲击治疗不仅能有效降低血甲状旁腺素、血磷、碱性磷酸酶水平，不影响血钙水平，且更能改善患者临床症状，提高生活质量。     

县区级医院救治血流动力学不稳定性骨盆骨折新模式探讨

目的探讨县区级医院救治血流动力学不稳定性骨盆骨折新模式的建立和临床应用效果。 方法血流动力不稳定性骨盆骨折患者31例，采用集中优势力量，多科协作，统一调度，规范化救治的新模式救治作为新模式组。新模式组中男性22例，女性9例；年龄24~89岁，平均(54.84 ±16.22)岁。血流动力不稳定性骨盆骨折患者30例，采用常规救治模式作为对照组。对照组中男性19例，女性11例；年龄17~79岁，平均(48.83±16.54)岁。比较两组住院天数，重症监护室住院天数、24 h内输血量、住院首次的乳酸、凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原、血小板计数、血细胞比容和发生多器官功能障碍综合征率、深静脉血栓率、感染率、腹腔间隙综合征率、创伤性凝血病发生率及死亡率。 结果新模式组死亡率和创伤性凝血病发生率明显低于对照组，新模式组纤维蛋白原明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其他观察指标无明显差异。生存患者进行比较分析，新模式组住院天数和ICU住院天数明显低于对照组，创伤性凝血病发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，其他观察指标无明显差异。 结论在县区级医院采用集中优势力量，多科协作，统一调度，规范化救治的治疗模式能显著降低血流动力学不稳定性骨盆骨折患者创伤性凝血病的发生，从而降低死亡率，并能缩短生存患者在ICU时间及住院时间。     

Effect of SGLT inhibitors on weight and lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background:The goals of improving quality of life and increasing longevity are receiving growing amounts of attention. Body weight and lipid metabolism are closely related to various complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to rank SGLT inhibitors according to their efficacy with regard to weight and evaluate the effect of SGLT inhibitors on lipid metabolism at 24 weeks of treatment.Methods:The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the selected studies and extracted the outcome indexes. ADDIS 1.16.5 and STATA 16 software were used to perform the network meta-analysis and draw the plots.Results:Ultimately, 36 studies were selected and included in this study. We found that all SGLT inhibitors were effective at reducing weight; canagliflozin was the most effective. SGLT inhibitors and placebo were not associated with significantly different serum cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors lowered serum triglyceride levels and increased serum high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SGLT inhibitors also reduced the level of alanine aminotransferase.Conclusions:SGLT inhibitors can bring about weight loss in patients with T2DM and can also improve lipid metabolism. Therefore, patients with hyperlipidemia who have been unsuccessful at losing weight should consider taking SGLT inhibitors. In addition, SGLT inhibitors are hepatoprotective and appear to be safe for patients with mild to moderate liver dysfunction.Trial Registration:CRD42020198516.     

Application of 3D printing technology combined with PBL teaching method in clinical teaching of cerebrovascular disease: An observational study

Traditional clinical teaching does not allow medical students to combine theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge. As such, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of three dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in the clinical teaching of cerebrovascular diseases. Medical interns were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 136) that was taught using 3D printing technology + PBL method and a control group (n = 133) that was taught using traditional methods. We compared assessment results of theoretical and clinical practice skills and the subjective evaluation of teaching methods between the 2 groups. The assessment results of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The survey assessing the evaluation of teaching methods showed higher satisfaction with teaching methods, increased learning interest, and improvement in the spatial thinking ability of interns in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < .05). There was no significant difference when assessing which teaching method better improved the interns’ understanding of cerebrovascular diseases (P < .05). The application of 3D printing technology combined with the PBL teaching method in neurosurgery clinical teaching can stimulate interest in learning and significantly improve academic performance and problem-analysis and solving skills.     

育龄期女性缺铁性贫血患者血清铁调素和erythroferrone水平的变化

目的:检测育龄期女性缺铁性贫血(Iron deficiency anemia,IDA)患者血清铁调素和erythroferrone(ERFE)含量,并探讨其与铁代谢各参数的相关性.方法:选取住院育龄期女性缺铁性贫血患者35例,年龄相匹配的健康女性对照人群30例.采用全自动电化学发光仪检测血清铁蛋白水平,全自动生化仪测定...     

Systemic inflammatory response index as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective study based on propensity score matching

Clinical Rheumatology - To investigate the relationship between systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and ischemic stroke (IS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Fifty-two RA patients...     

外周血D-二聚体和中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值快速诊断急性脑梗死患者的价值

目的观察不同类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST类型)的急性脑梗死(ACI)患者外周血D-二聚体和中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)水平的差异,探讨其在ACI快速诊断与病情评估中的临床意义。 方法分析南京医科大学第一附属医院急诊医学中心2018年3月至2019年3月收治的224例ACI患者(ACI组),以同时期在南京医科大学第一附属医院健康管理中心进行体检的健康人群178例为对照组,采用回顾性病例对照研究,其中男性260例,女性142例;年龄42～ 75岁,平均(58.1±17.2)岁。ACI患者通过头颅电子计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)或数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确血管病变,确定其急性卒中治疗Org10172试验亚型( trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST亚型)[大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)、小动脉闭塞型(SAO)、心源性栓塞型(CE)、其他明确病因型(SOD)及不明原因型(SUE)]。比较ACI组与对照组以及各TOAST亚型间外周血D-二聚体、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)的差异,分析D-二聚体及NLR与急性脑梗死TOAST类型的关系。 结果ACI组患者的外周血D-二聚体[(1.321±0.690)mg/L比(0.050±0.021)mg/L]和NLR[(4.515±1.693)比(1.722±0.674)]水平显著高于对照组。ACI患者类型包括LAA型(83例)、SAO型(76例)和CE型(65例),其中CE型患者的D-二聚体[(2.858±1.639)mg/L]及NLR(8.128±2.069)水平最高,而LAA型[(1.317±0.172)mg/L,(4.323±1.776)]又均高于SAO型[(0.655±0.672)mg/L,(2.210±1.690)],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。且ACI患者的外周血D-二聚体水平和NLR呈正相关[r＝0.604,95%CI：0.644～8.475 ,P<0.05]。 结论ACI患者不同TOAST分型间的外周血D-二聚体、NLR水平存在差异,监测其水平变化有助于临床对其进行早期分型和诊断。     

小儿消积止咳颗粒治疗小儿急性支气管炎伴积食的疗效观察

目的 探讨小儿消积止咳颗粒治疗小儿急性支气管炎伴积食的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年5月-2020年1月江苏大学附属武进医院收治的98例急性支气管炎伴积食患儿作为研究对象。采用随机数字表分组法分为对照组（46例）与观察组（52例）。对照组给予西医常规干预。观察组在对照组治疗基础上口服小儿消积止咳颗粒，其中年龄小于1岁者，3 g/次；1~3岁者，6 g/次；3~5岁者，9 g/次；大于5岁者，12 g/次；3次/d。两组均维持治疗7 d。观察两组中医疗效及疾病临床疗效，对比治疗前后两组患儿的中医症状（主症、次症、舌脉）积分、血气分析指标[氧分压（pO₂）、二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）、血氧饱和度（SaO₂）]变化情况，另观察治疗期间患儿不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后，观察组中医疗效总有效率为98.08%，显著高于对照组的84.78%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，观察组疾病临床疗效总有效率为94.23%，显著高于对照组的80.43%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组主症、次症、舌脉及症状总积分均较治疗前降低（P<0.05）；且观察组治疗后主症、次症、舌脉及症状总积分均较对照组降低（P<0.05）。两组治疗后pO₂、SaO₂均显著升高，pCO₂显著降低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组治疗后pO₂、SaO₂显著高于对照组，pCO₂均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗期间，两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论 小儿消积止咳颗粒治疗小儿急性支气管炎伴积食，可明显促进症状减轻，改善血气分析指标，提升临床疗效，且安全性良好。     

经远端桡动脉路径行冠状动脉介入诊疗的发展历程及研究进展

远端桡动脉入路是近两年新兴的冠状动脉介入诊疗路径，其与常规桡动脉入路相比具有局部并发症少、患者舒适度高等优点，可作为冠状动脉介入诊疗的替代路径。本文回顾了经远端桡动脉路径行冠状动脉介入诊疗的发展历程，并结合最新研究进展对其有效性、安全性、优势及存在的问题等进行了综述，以期能使更多的心脏介入医生了解和应用远端桡动脉入路，进而使行冠状动脉介入诊疗的患者更多获益。     

Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus monotherapy versus tacrolimus-corticosteroid combination therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A meta-analysis

Objective:The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) monotherapy versus TAC-corticosteroid combination therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients.Methods:Databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database were searched from inception to January 10, 2021. Eligible studies comparing TAC monotherapy and TAC-corticosteroid combination therapy in IMN patients were included. Data were analysed using Review Manager Version 5.3.Results:Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. One randomized controlled trial and six cohort studies involving 372 patients were identified. Compared with TAC monotherapy, TAC-corticosteroid had a higher total remission at the sixth month (odd ratio (OR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.78, P < .01). The two therapy regimens had similar complete remission rates (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.43–1.48, P = .47) at the sixth month and similar relapse rates (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.70–2.92, P = .32). TAC-corticosteroid combination therapy had a higher incidence of infection (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81, P = .01). The two therapy regimens had similar incidences of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.34–2.70, P = .93), abnormal aminotransferase (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.34–2.38, P = .84), and glucose intolerance (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.32–1.07, P = .08).Conclusion:TAC-corticosteroid combination therapy had a higher total remission rate at the sixth month but had a higher incidence of infection than TAC monotherapy in the treatment of IMN. The two therapeutic regimens had similar relapse rates.