RNA腺嘌呤6-甲基化修饰调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨向分化的研究进展

RNA腺嘌呤6-甲基化修饰是真核生物信使RNA和非编码RNA上最为常见的一种表观遗传修饰,对于真核生物多项生命活动的调控起着至关重要的作用。近来的研究发现,RNA腺嘌呤6-甲基化修饰在骨髓间充质干细胞的分化,尤其是成骨向分化上,扮演着十分重要的角色。本文通过对RNA腺嘌呤6-甲基化修饰调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨向分化的相关研究加以总结,以期为后续基础研究以及临床应用提供新的思路。     

Occlusal force predicted cognitive decline among 70- and 80-year-old Japanese: A 3-year prospective cohort study

PurposeDementia is a growing health problem for countries with aging populations, but few effective dementia treatments are available. However, there is increasing interest in oral health as a modifiable risk factor in interventions to prevent cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of oral health on the decline of cognitive function over 3 years among Japanese people aged 70 and 80 years.MethodsParticipants (n = 860) were community-dwelling older adults who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys (at baseline: 69–71 years n = 423; 79–81 years, n = 437). Registered dentists examined the number of teeth, number of functional teeth, number of periodontal teeth, and occlusal force. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive function. We also evaluated socioeconomic factors, medical history, drinking and smoking habits, physical performance, genetic factors, and C-reactive protein concentration in blood. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine how oral health at baseline influenced cognitive decline over 3 years.ResultsThe GEE showed that the number of teeth (non-standardized coefficient: B = 0.031, p = 0.022) and occlusal force (B = 0.103, p = 0.004) at baseline were associated with cognitive function at follow-up, even after adjusting for other risk factors. Furthermore, maintaining more teeth (B = 0.009, p = 0.004) and a stronger occlusal force (B = 0.020, p = 0.040) buffered cognitive decline.ConclusionsNumber of teeth and occlusal force predict cognitive decline over 3 subsequent years in Japanese older adults aged 70 and 80 years.     

放化疗性口腔黏膜炎动物模型研究进展

由放疗和(或)化疗诱发的口腔黏膜炎症,可能导致患者疼痛、说话吞咽困难、局部和全身感染风险增高,甚至中断抗癌治疗,严重影响患者生活质量。放化疗性口腔黏膜炎的发病机制复杂而且防治较为困难,而动物模型在探究放化疗性口腔黏膜炎的发病机制以及探索更好的防治方法中发挥了重要作用,本文就以现有的放化疗性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的复制及评估方法予以综述。文献复习结果表明,国内外采用小鼠、大鼠、金仓鼠等动物来复制动物模型;放疗诱发的口腔黏膜炎的诱导方法有仅采用X射线设备对动物进行局部单剂量照射或局部分割照射,或照射时辅助使用化疗药物5 氟尿嘧啶或顺铂,也可以采用137铯作为放射源进行局部照射;单纯使用化疗药物5 氟尿嘧啶诱发的口腔黏膜炎一般症状较轻,因此多采用5 氟尿嘧啶联合机械刺激或乙酸进行诱导;评估放化疗性口腔黏膜炎的方法主要为大体样本观察及组织病理学观察。     

整体切削的聚醚醚酮可摘局部义齿即刻修复1例

聚醚醚酮(PEEK)是一种具有良好的力学性能和生物安全性的新型高分子化合物,近年来逐渐应用于口腔修复、种植、正畸等领域。目前,PEEK在可摘局部义齿中的应用已有临床报道,但整体切削的PEEK可摘局部义齿还未见相关临床报道。本病例应用全程数字化设计和PEEK材料,整体切削制作了集支架、人工牙和基托为一体的可摘局部义齿,对1例83岁上下颌牙列缺损的患者进行了即刻修复治疗,并进行了3~6个月的随访,患者对修复效果满意。     

Left ventricular diastolic pressure gradient and outcome in advanced chronic kidney disease patients with preserved ejection fraction

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - Assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is important in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The early diastolic peak...     

Metabolomics and Proteomics Reveal the Variation of Substances in Apheresis Platelets during Storage and Their Effects on Cancer Cell Proliferation

IntroductionApheresis platelets (APs) are clinically and crucially important in the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia or cancer. However, few researchers have addressed the variation of supernatant metabolites and exosome proteins in APs during storage and their effects on cancer cell proliferation.ObjectiveThis study was designed to explore the change rules of the metabolites and exosomal proteins of APs during storage and their effects on cancer cell proliferation.MethodsMetabolomics and proteomics were separately applied to analyze the variation of AP supernatant metabolites and exosomal proteins between freshly prepared day-0 and day-5 terminal-stored APs. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay was performed to detect the effects of AP supernatants and exosomes on the proliferation of cancer cells.ResultsWe found that the supernatant metabolites and exosomal proteins in APs were significantly different on day 0 and day 5, and that many differential metabolites and exosomal proteins were associated with cancer characteristics. Furthermore, the day-5 AP supernatants had a greater inhibition of the proliferation of K562, HepG2, and HCT116 cancer cells, but the day-5 AP exosomes had no significant effect on the proliferation of these cancer cells.ConclusionThe variant terminal-stored AP supernatants may inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells but the variant terminal AP exosomes have no effect on cancer cell proliferation.     

Specificity of tuberculin skin test improved by BCG immunization schedule change in Japan

IntroductionTuberculin skin test (TST) has been used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated patients, TST tends to produce false-positive results. According to the previous vaccination schedule, Japanese people were mandated to receive up to three doses of BCG-vaccine. The vaccination schedule was changed in 2003 and as per the new schedule, only infants are administered a dose of BCG vaccine. Our hypothesis is that this change can lead to a reduction in the cross-reaction to TST.MethodsWe evaluated the TST results obtained from 1097 recruits from six defense camps and 667 recruits from an air base. These TST data were divided into two groups according to the date of birth: a new group and an old group according to the BCG immunization schedule. We then analyzed positive and negative reaction of TST and erythema sizes.ResultsWe confirmed that the change in BCG-vaccination schedule significantly decreased TST false-positive reaction (P_meta = 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁸; risk ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.87) and erythema size (P_meta = 1.1 × 10⁻⁴; mean difference = 6.6 mm; 95% confidence interval: 3.2 mm–9.9 mm).ConclusionsWe showed the reduction in BCG cross-reaction to TST, in the new BCG vaccination schedule group, compared to the old group, we also have extracted information on the improvement in the specificity of TST for LTBI and TB diagnosis, which resulted from BCG schedule change.