线上线下延续护理对自体动静脉内瘘成熟期患者的影响

目的 探讨线上线下联合的延续护理对自体动静脉内瘘成熟期患者自我管理能力的影响。 方法将243例行自体动静脉内瘘术患者按照住院时间分为对照组121例和观察组122例。对照组实施常规延续护理,观察组实施线上线下联合的延续护理,包括住院期间线下健康教育和出院后线上利用移动宣教平台进行居家护理指导。比较两组自体动静脉内瘘成熟情况、自体动静脉内瘘护理能力及延续护理满意度。结果干预后,观察组自体动静脉内瘘成熟情况、内瘘护理能力各条目评分及患者对延续护理满意度显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。结论线上线下联合的延续护理能够促进自体动静脉内瘘的成熟,改善患者内瘘自我管理能力,提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

Application of machine learning for ancestry inference using multi-InDel markers

Ancestry inference through population stratification plays an important role in forensic applications. Specifically, ancestry information inferred from forensic DNA evidence can provide vital clues for criminal investigations. Current advances in ancestry inference mostly focus on ancestry informative markers. Hereinto, multi-InDel was proposed as one of the compound markers performing well in complex ancestral classification in the subpopulation of Asia. However, research on analytical methods necessary to make reliable predictions is lacking. The newly proposed compound markers could be assessed with alternative methods. In this study, promising discriminant methods were explored using multi-InDel markers for forensic ancestry inference. As a prerequisite, the adopted multi-InDel markers were assessed by classical methods for population genetics, such as F_ST analysis, MDS and STRUCTURE. In addition, dimensionality reduction methods and serial reduction strategies were applied for data visualization. Subsequently, machine learning methods, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were evaluated by diverse approaches. As the result of multifarious analyses through comparisons and estimations, XGBoost with one-hot encoding was shown to be more effective in population stratification and ancestry inference for challenging cases with admixed populations.     

机械通气对大鼠肺组织TGF-β/Smad信号通路相关蛋白的影响

目的探讨机械通气对大鼠肺组织转化生长因子β(TGF-β)/Smad信号通路相关蛋白的影响。方法30只健康大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只。对照组插管后不进行机械通气,另两组进行机械通气,小潮气量组(L-VT)VT8 ml/kg,大潮气量组(H-VT)VT25 ml/kg,通气24 h。观察各组大鼠实验后肺病理变化,实验前(T1)、实验后6 h(T2)、实验后12 h(T3)、实验后24 h(T4)大鼠动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)变化及肺组织相关蛋白(TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7)水平变化。结果对照组及小潮气量组的肺组织未见明显的充血及水肿,大潮气量组可见肺间质水肿,肺内炎性细胞浸润。L-VT组各时间点Pa O2与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);而H-VT组Pa O2在12 h后出现下降趋势(P0.05)。随着机械通气潮气量的增加,TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3表达呈现上调趋势,Smad7表达呈下降趋势。结论TGF-β/Smad信号通路相关蛋白可能作为呼吸机相关性肺损伤发病的重要参考指标。     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者的综合治疗

心房颤动(AF)是临床上最常见的心律失常类型,既往AF管理侧重于AF相关栓塞预防以及心室率和节律的控制。近年来,AF综合管理的理念逐渐普及。AF综合管理强调在做好AF相关栓塞预防及症状控制的基础上,同时关注患者生活质量的改善以及合并症的管理,以进一步改善患者的预后。本文就非瓣膜性心房颤动患者的抗凝治疗、症状管理及危险因素的控制作一综述。     

Expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 in lymphocytes and plasma in healthy workers and coal miners with lung cancer

In coal mines, main occupational hazard is coal-mine dust, which can cause health problem including coal workers' pneumoconiosis and lung cancer. Some heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been reported as an acute response to a wide variety of stressful stimuli. Whether Hsps protect against chronic environmental coal-mine dust over years is unknown. It is also interesting to know that whether the expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 proteins as a marker for exposure is associated risk of lung cancer among coal miners. ...     

Revaluation of clopidogrel: let the data speak for themselves

Clopidogrel was believed to be superior to aspirin by the well-known CAPRIE trial.However,no other large clinical trials demonstrated the same results,but all focused on the combination use of clopidogrel with aspirin,and combination therapy in CREDO was called the "Emperor's New Clothes".However,no one overturned the results of these clinical trials by quantitatively analyzing them.We reviewed ten large-scale clinical trials about clopidogrel.On the basis of results of CAPRIE,CREDO and CHARISMA trials,we r...     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者内毒素、瘦素、IL-6及IL-8水平测定

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者内毒素（ET）、瘦素、IL-6、IL-8水平在NASH发生发展中的变化情况,以及它们与脂肪肝严重程度的关系。方法90例NAFLD患者根据脂肪肝严重程度分为轻度者30例,中度者30例,重度者30例。测定患者及30例健康对照者的体重指数（BM I）、内毒素（ET）、瘦素、IL-6、IL-8的水平。结果与健康对照者比较,NAFLD患者ET升高,伴随ET水平的升高,瘦素及IL-6、IL-8也升高,中度及重度更加明显（P〈0.05）。重度与中度相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论NAFLD患者存在肠源性内毒素血症（IETM）、瘦素、IL-6、IL-8等细胞因子在非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病中具有重要致病作用,其升高程度与脂肪肝严重程度一致。     

Systemic immune inflammation index,ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes,lactate dehydrogenase and prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients

BACKGROUNDIn malignant tumors, inflammation plays a vital role in the development, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common malignant proliferative disease of the lymphatic system, is commonly associated with inflammation. The international prognostic index (IPI), which includes age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), number of extranodal lesions, Ann Arbor score, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, can evaluate the prognosis of DLBCL. However, its use in accurately identifying high-risk patients and guiding treatment is poor. Therefore, it is important to find novel immune markers in predicting the prognosis of DLBCL patients.AIMTo determine the association between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes (LMR), ratio of LMR to LDH (LMR/LDH), and prognosis of patients with DLBCL.METHODSA total of 68 patients diagnosed with DLBCL, treated in our hospital between January 2016 and January 2020, were included. χ² test, Pearson’s R correlation, Kaplan Meier curves, and Cox proportional risk regression analysis were used. The differences in the SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH among patients with different clinicopathological features were analyzed. The differences in progression-free survival time among patients with different SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH expressions and influencing factors affecting the prognosis of DLBCL patients, were also analyzed.RESULTSThe LMR and LMR/LDH in patients with Ann Arbor stage III–IV, ECOG score ≥ 2, and SII, IPI score 2–5 were significantly higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage I-II and ECOG score < 2 (P < 0.05). Patients with high SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH had progression-free survival times of 34 mo (95%CI: 32.52–38.50), 35 mo (95%CI: 33.42–36.58) and 35 mo (95%CI: 33.49–36.51), respectively, which were significantly lower than those with low SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH (P < 0.05); the SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH were positively correlated (P < 0.05). Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH were influencing factors for the prognosis of DLBCL patients (hazard ratio = 1.143, 1.665, and 1.704, respectively; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe SII, LMR, and LMR/LDH are related to the clinicopathological features of DLCBL, and they also influence the prognosis of patients with the disease.     

鼓室给药临床实践指南

鼓室给药是一种常见的耳科局部给药方式,指通过将药物递送入中耳,经圆窗膜或卵圆窗扩散分布到内耳从而达到治疗或诊断效果。近年来,鼓室给药技术在耳科疾病的临床应用越来越广泛,主要包括突发性聋、梅尼埃病、分泌性中耳炎和自身免疫性内耳病等疾病的诊治。目前,国内外对鼓室给药的操作规范、适应证,尤其是给药时机及治疗方案尚未有统一标准。为了促进鼓室给药技术规范化,我们特组织了国内在鼓室给药领域经验丰富,有卓越建树中青年专家,基于临床经验和循证医学证据制定了鼓室给药临床实践指南。本指南从鼓室给药操作规范出发,系统总结了糖皮质激素鼓室给药、庆大霉素鼓室给药、鼓室内注射造影剂膜迷路MRI成像及其他药物鼓室给药四个方面,旨在指导并规范临床鼓室给药技术的应用。