同种异体骨 Cage 在经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合手术中的应用

目的评估同种异体骨 Cage 在经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion，TLIF）术后的融合效果。方法回顾分析 2015 年 1 月—2017 年 1 月使用同种异体骨 Cage 行 TLIF 的 30 例患者（38 个节段）临床资料。男 25 例，女 5 例；年龄 44～72 岁，平均 56.9 岁。腰椎间盘突出症 20 例，腰椎滑脱 7 例，腰椎管狭窄 3 例。手术节段：单节段 22 例，L_3、4 4 例，L_4、5 13 例，L₅、S₁ 5 例；双节段 8 例，L_4、5～L₅、S₁ 6 例，L_3、4～L_4、5 2 例。病程 6～36 个月，平均 12 个月。术前，术后 3、6 个月及末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry 功能障碍指数（ODI）和日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评估临床疗效；术后 3、6 个月摄正侧位 X 线片及行 CT 三维重建评估融合率；术前及术后 3 d、3 个月、6 个月分别摄腰椎正侧位 X 线片测量椎间隙高度。 结果手术时间 2.1～4.3 h，平均 3.1 h；术中出血量 150～820 mL，平均 407.5 mL。30 例均获随访，随访时间 8～25 个月，平均 16.4 个月。1 例术后 6 个月出现 Cage 下缘碎裂，不伴 Cage 移动，无神经症状；其余患者均无 Cage 脱出、位移、碎裂等情况发生。所有患者均无局部或全身变态反应或感染征象，随访期间无神经压迫、受损症状。30 例患者术后各时间点 VAS 评分、ODI 评分及 JOA 评分均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）；术后 6 个月及末次随访时显著优于术后 3 个月（P<0.05）；术后 6 个月和末次随访间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。X 线片及 CT 三维重建示，术后 3、6 个月及末次随访时的融合率分别为 55.3%（21/38）、92.1%（35/38）、100%（38/38）。术后 3 d、3 个月、6 个月及末次随访时椎间隙高度均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）；末次随访时与术后 3 d 比较椎间隙高度有所丢失，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论同种异体骨 Cage 在腰椎 TLIF 术后可提供早期稳定性和较高融合率。     

Serum retinol binding protein 4 and galectin-3 binding protein as novel markers for postmenopausal nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

ObjectiveTo investigate the differential protein expression before and after menopause in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore novel markers for menopausal NAFLD.MethodsEight serum samples collected from pre- or post-menopausal women with NAFLD were analysed by iTRAQ 2D-LC-MS/MS. Two protein candidates were selected and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples collected from a one hundred and fifty-three female population subsequently, including 51 in post-menopausal status with NAFLD, 41 in pre-menopausal with NAFLD, 19 healthy individuals in post-menopausal status and 42 healthy pre-menopausal women.ResultsA total of one hundred and sixty-seven proteins exhibiting significant changes were characterized, among which sixty-five were up-regulated and one hundred and two were down-regulated. Of those altered proteins, the expression of serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) was obviously increased in the post-menopausal patient group compared to the other. ELISA validations for the two proteins were consistent with the proteomic profiling.ConclusionsSerum RBP4 and LGAL3BP were up-regulated after menopause under NAFLD conditions, which suggested the two proteins may be potential markers as NAFLD in postmenopausal population.     

医学博士生延期毕业影响因素分析

目的调查“双一流”建设高校医学博士生延期毕业的影响因素，为改进医学博士生培养模式、降低延期毕业率提供指导依据。方法通过“学生个体特征”“关键培养环节”“导学互动”以及“心理建设与社会支持”4个维度，构建医学博士生延期毕业影响因素理论模型，利用二元logistic回归进行统计分析。结果选择跨学科读博的研究生更易发生延期（OR=8.80,P=0.01），以“申请考核”（OR=9.06,P<0.01）、“硕博连读”（OR=5.41,P=0.02）方式录取的博士生较以直博生方式录取的博士生发生延期毕业风险更高；关键培养环节中“论文写作培训与科研能力训练”（OR=0.33,P=0.01）、“资助程度”（OR=0.42,P=0.05）以及导学互动中“导师及科研团队的指导”（OR=0.23,P=0.03）和“科研投入”（OR=0.56,P<0.01）均对正常毕业存在负向影响关系。结论建立科学合理的生源选拔机制、形成良好的导学互动、科学系统的写作训练、充实的资助以及国内国际学术交流有益于降低医学博士生的延期风险。下一步应加强关键培养环节的质量监控，完善医学博士生分流机制，强化问题导向，实现“导师+院系联动”保证培养质量。     

基于护理临床思维训练的计算机虚拟病例系统的设计与开发

目的:护理专业的传统教学模式在培养护理临床思维上已显示出各种不足,本研究设计基于护理临床思维训练的计算机虚拟病例系统,在"互联网+"时代作为新的护理教学实践方法,以期为护理临床思维培训作出贡献。方法:依托附属医院医疗大数据信息和计算机虚拟技术,以《新入职护士培训大纲(试行)》为依据、临床常见疾病护理为主线、护理程序为框架,构建一个基于新入职护士临床思维训练的计算机虚拟病例系统,为新入职护士的临床思维训练提供自主学习资源和平台。结果:该系统主要由患者病历、护理评估、护理诊断、护理计划、护理实施、护理评价、患者出院7大案例操作模块和1个考核评价模块组成,已成功纳入35个临床常见疾病案例。结论:该系统内容设计合理,护理程序贯穿始末,且基于临床真实病例,将有助于新入职护士进行临床思维训练。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间发热门诊的护理管理

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间,发热门诊作为疾病诊治的重点部门,其防护工作是保障医护人员安全工作的重中之重,防护用品的使用、诊治流程以及呼吸机操作等环节的护理管理均要严格规范化、科学化。     

Identification of Hub Genes and Analysis of Prognostic Values in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor tissues and normal tissues were identified using the comprehensive analysis method in bioinformatics.Materials and MethodsWe downloaded 3 mRNA expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify DEGs between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction network was performed to understand the function of DEGs. OncoLnc, which was linked to The Cancer Genome Atlas survival data, was used to investigate the prognostic values of hub genes. The expression of selected hub genes was validated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 235 DEGs, consisting of 36 upregulated and 199 downregulated genes, were identified between tumor tissue and normal tissue. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results showed the upregulated DEGs to be significantly enriched in cell division, mid-body, ATP binding and oocyte meiosis pathways. The downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in epoxygenase P450 pathway, extracellular region, oxidoreductase activity and metabolic pathways. Ten hub genes, including Aurora kinase A, Cell division cycle 20, formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase, UBE2C, Cyclin B2, pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1, CDKN3, CKS1B, Topoisomerase-II alpha and KIF20A, were identified as the key genes in HCC. Survival analysis found the expression of hub genes to be significantly correlated with the survival of patients with HCC.ConclusionsThe present study identified hub genes and pathways in HCC that may be potential targets for diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction.     

Biomechanical properties of splint materials while curing

Many studies have evaluated splint strength at maturity with multiple splint materials, methods, and configurations but none have analyzed splints as they cure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the properties of different splint materials immediately following activation and as they mature.Splints were dipped for three seconds in two temperatures of water and an additional group of fiberglass with no water was tested as well. Splint weight was taken as an additional measurement to assure homogenous groups. All splints were tested in three-point bending at a constant displacement.The generalized linear model (GLM) including all time frames showed differences in yield load and ultimate loads after three minutes. All ultimate loads occurred at greater than 20° of angulation. Plaster had a much lower displacement at its yield load at all times after 3 min. Plaster had a higher stiffness at 1° of angulation at all time points after six minutes. The GLM that excluded the three-day time showed that the higher temperature increased initial stiffness in the splints at three and six minutes.Fiberglass has a higher yield point and ultimate load when compared to plaster. However, these loads were measured at significant splint angulation for the fiberglass, suggesting that plaster is acting as a true splint. Fiberglass is stronger and faster to cure than plaster. In situations where the surgeon desires the strongest splint, fiberglass may be preferable. However, the initial stiffness of plaster is superior to fiberglass.