不同能量密度非剥脱点阵激光早期防治兔耳增生性瘢痕的疗效观察

目的 初步探讨早期防治兔耳增生性瘢痕形成的最佳激光能量密度及其可能的治疗机制。方法 12只健康新西兰大耳白兔,在10只兔耳部进行增生性瘢痕造模,成功形成61处增生性瘢痕,随机分为2组（1周组30处和3周组31处）。这两组兔耳瘢痕又分别随机分为A组（密度100 PPA、能量10 mJ激光）、B组（100 PPA、50 mJ激光）、C组（169 PPA、10 mJ激光）、D组（169 PPA、50 mJ激光）、E组（不接受激光处理）。除去3周组E组外,余均为每组6处瘢痕。2只大耳白兔未行瘢痕造模,作为F组（空白对照组）。免疫组化观察干预后1周兔耳皮肤组织中MMP-13表达情况,干预后3周兔耳皮肤组织行HE、Masson染色,观察瘢痕结构,计算瘢痕增生指数。各组瘢痕增生指数的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,MMP-13平均吸光度的比较采用单因素方差分析。结果 HE染色显示,A、B、C、D各组真皮层厚度较F组（正常皮肤组织）增厚,胶原纤维数量增加,但较E组（未处理瘢痕组）真皮厚度明显变薄,胶原纤维数量减少,排列相对有秩。A、B、C、D组间真皮层厚度未见明显差异。6组间瘢痕增生指数差异有统计学意义（H = 22.757,P < 0.05）。两两多重比较显示,B、C、D组瘢痕增生指数（2.597 ± 0.344、2.850 ± 0.282、2.658 ± 0.134）均显著低于E组（3.460 ± 0.583,均P < 0.05）。Masson染色显示,A、B、C、D各组真皮层厚度较E组明显变薄,胶原纤维排列不规则,但A、B、C、D各组间真皮层厚度及胶原纤维数量未见明显差别。免疫组化显示,在相同激光密度条件下,高能量（50 mJ）组的MMP-13表达水平明显高于低能量（10 mJ）组（P < 0.05）;而相同激光能量条件下,A组MMP-13水平显著高于C组（P < 0.01）,但B组与D组间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 非剥脱点阵激光对于早期增生性瘢痕的干预有效。相同密度下,50 mJ能量激光干预效果优于10 mJ能量激光,推测高能量激光能更好刺激细胞外基质的重组以及上调MMP-13的表达,从而早期防治增生性瘢痕。     

Specific Needs of Medical Students for Organ Donation Courses: A Qualitative Study in China

BackgroundGlobal promotion of organ transplantation is contingent upon continuous improvement of the donation rate. Organ donation education is an important measure for changing public awareness and promoting organ donation. Therefore, it is important and urgent to conduct a systematic study of the organ donation courses offered in China and around the world. The aim of this study was to learn the views and needs of Chinese medical students and provide a reference for international peers.MethodsSemistructured, in-depth interviews and purposive sampling were used in this study. A total of 18 university students majoring in medicine and nursing were selected according to the principle of data saturation and interviewed. The data were sorted and analyzed with phenomenology.ResultsThese interviewees generally agreed that an organ donation course should be offered. They were in urgent need of knowledge regarding organ donation procedures and relevant policies and eager for a practical and experience-based teaching method design. The Chinese medical students surveyed also believed that the course should also be available to clinical practitioners, nonmedical students, and the public.ConclusionMedical students’ demand for an organ donation course should be considered. To fully stimulate their interest in learning and to provide support and a guarantee for continuous improvement of transplant operations promotion and donation rate worldwide, specific organ donation courses and flexible training should be created.     

生长激素在肝纤维化患者中的应用

生长激素不但能在生长过程中起重要作用,而且在碳水化合物,脂类代谢过程中起重要作用。慢性肝病的一个重要特征是生长激素抵抗现象,其表现为血清中生长激素的浓度较高而胰岛素样生长因子-1的水平降低。使用生长激素治疗慢性肝病,可提高患者血清中胰岛素样生长因子-1和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3升高,改善患者的生长激素抵抗现象,改善肝功能,纠正低蛋白血症。该文就使用生长激素治疗慢性肝病和肝纤维化的研究现状做一简要综述。     

我院心血管系统药物不良反应报告分析

目的分析该院心血管系统药物不良反应(ADR)的相关因素,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对该院2004年4月～2011年4月收集并上报于全国药物不良反应监测网络的315例心血管系统药物不良反应报告进行统计分析。结果 315例ADR报表中涉及的药物品种共有47个,其中发生率最高的是降压药;ADR累及皮肤及及其附件损害最多。结论应提高对药品不良反应监测工作重要性的认识,加强临床心血管系统药物合理使用的管理,避免或减少其ADR的发生。     

Contributions of subregions of the prefrontal cortex to the theory of mind and decision making

Recent works have suggested an association between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) and social cognition or decision making. The aim of this study is to investigate the theory of mind and decision making in patients with VMPC lesions and in those with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC) lesions. Patients with VMPC lesions (n = 16) and those with DLPC lesions (n = 14) were compared with healthy controls (HC) on faux pas recognition and 2 decision-making tasks. Consistent with previous data, patients with VMPC lesions performed worse on the theory of mind and decision making. Patients with DLPC lesions showed impairments of the theory of mind but performed at control levels on the 2 decision-making tasks. The results supported the view that a separation of function of 2 distinct subregions of the prefrontal cortex is important to the theory of mind and decision making.     

超声乳化术在外伤性晶状体半脱位中的应用

目的探讨在外伤性晶状体半脱位伴白内障行晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的手术可行性。方法因眼挫伤致晶状体半脱位合并白内障11例（11眼）,行晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术并收集有关资料。结果术后矫正视力0．5—0．8者4眼、0．3～0．4者5眼、〈0．3者2眼。5眼术后有人工晶状体前膜。结论外伤性晶状体半脱位合并白内障病情复杂,超声乳化术可以获得良好效果。     

下颌髁突矢状骨折髓内髓外双重内固定术的临床应用

目的探讨髓内及髓外双重内固定在下颌髁突矢状骨折开放复位内固定中的应用价值。方法采用髓内髓外双重内固定术治疗18例24侧髁突矢状骨折,固定方法：单一螺钉或克氏针行髓内固定,配合一块钛板行髓外固定,伴发他处骨折者同期行精确复位固定。术后通过拍摄CT和全景X线片评价钛板固定情况、骨折段复位精准度及稳固性,通过临床检查评价咬合关系、开口度、开口型。结果术后X线全景片或CT检查显示,24侧髁突矢状骨折段均未发现术后旋转移位,对位良好;钛板和螺钉无扭曲、折断和松脱。术后咬合关系、开口度、开口型恢复良好。结论髓内髓外双重内固定具有抗骨折段旋转作用,髓内螺钉和髓外钛板在空间上互不干扰,是下颌骨髁突矢状骨折固定的良好方法。     

姜黄素对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型保护作用的研究

目的:探讨姜黄素对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、缺血再灌注组(B组)、姜黄素+缺血再灌注组(C组)和姜黄素+缺血再灌注组+锌-原卟啉组(D组),各15只。C组和D组术前5 d腹腔注射姜黄素100 mg/kg,A、B组注射等量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。D组大鼠术前60 min腹腔注射锌-原卟啉20μmol/kg。手术游离并阻断双肾肾蒂血管,60 min后恢复灌注,分别于4 h、12 h、24 h取血检测血清肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达,24 h切除肾组织检测肾组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性的表达水平。结果:C组和D组血清SCr、BUN、TNF-α、ICAM-1及肾组织MPO水平均高于A组,但低于B组(P<0.05~P<0.01);HO-1的表达低于A组,高于B组(P<0.05~P<0.01)。D组TNF-α和ICAM-1表达水平在各时间点均高于C组(P<0.05~P<0.01),SCr、BUN及肾组织MPO的表达在12 h和24 h高于C组(P<0.05~P<0.01),在4 h时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HO-1在各时间点表达均低于后者(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:姜黄素对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,能够有效减轻肾组织的炎性及氧化应激损害。HO-1可能参与姜黄素对肾脏的保护。     

不同类型肿瘤患者自体CIK细胞治疗对机体免疫状态及临床症状改善的影响

目的观察自体CIK细胞治疗肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响。方法采用流式细胞仪检测30例健康对照和50例不同类型肿瘤患者自体CIK细胞治疗前后机体免疫状态:包括Treg细胞、NKT细胞、NK细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值百分率,以及临床症状改善情况。结果自体CIK治疗前各组肿瘤和健康人相比较,患者Treg细胞、NKT细胞百分率上调,NKT细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK细胞百分率均下降,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自体CIK细胞治疗后和治疗前相比较,患者Treg百分率下调,NKT细胞、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK细胞百分率上升(P<0.05)。不同类型肿瘤患者治疗后Kamofsky评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论自体CIK细胞治疗后可明显增强肿瘤患者细胞免疫功能,提高了生活质量。     

Evolving trends in multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria in liver transplant recipients: A longitudinal study of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns

The incidence, sources, impact on outcome, and temporal trends in multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria in liver transplant recipients over the last decade (from 1990 through 1999) were assessed. Of 165 consecutive patients who underwent transplantation, 31% (51 of 165 patients) had at least 1 infection caused by multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Overall, 69% (66 of 96 infections) of all bacterial infections were multiple-antibiotic resistant. Ninety-one percent (45 of 49 isolates) of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 50% (6 of 12 isolates) of the enterococci, and 54% of the gram-negative bacteria (47%; 7 of 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 60%; 12 of 20 Enterobacteriaceae) were multiple-antibiotic resistant. A significant trend toward an increase in infections caused by multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria (P = .003), largely caused by an increase in gram-positive infections, was documented through the decade. There was a significant increase in infections caused by methicillin-resistant S aureus (P = .0001) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (P = .04) over time. The proportion of gram-negative isolates that were multiple-antibiotic resistant (P = .447) did not increase significantly over time. However, a strikingly high frequency of resistance to piperacillin or ceftazidime suggests that extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in our Enterobacteriaceae may have been more prevalent than realized. Mortality at 1 year was significantly greater in patients with multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria compared with all other patients (P = .001). These longitudinal trends have implications not only for guiding therapeutic practices, but ultimately for devising strategies to curtail multiple-antibiotic resistance in liver transplant recipients. (Liver Transpl 2001;7:22-26.)