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绝经后骨质疏松症(PO)是一种全身性骨骼疾病,由雌激素缺乏和衰老引起,其特征是低骨密度(BMD)和骨组织的微结构恶化,并导致骨质疏松性骨折的风险增高。在PO的发生发展过程中,潜在的致病机制是复杂和多方面的,雌激素缺乏是骨吸收增加和骨质流失加速的重要原因。同时,由于雌激素的缺乏和机体的衰老导致氧化应激(OS)水平的升高,是PO发生的主要机制之一。针对老年绝经后骨质疏松患者的治疗目前较为有效的是采用雌激素替代疗法,但也增加了患乳腺癌、子宫癌和心血管事件发生的风险。因此,寻找有效的抗氧化应激药物以治疗PO受到了越来越多研究者的关注。其中以白藜芦醇(RES)为代表的天然植物化合物,是一种具有抗氧化和抗衰老作用的天然抗氧化剂。它能通过多种通路抑制体内氧化应激,促进成骨分化和减少骨量丢失,并调节骨转换的能力,从而有效治疗PO。本文就白藜芦醇在PO中的抗氧化机制及其研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
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《Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology》2022,46(7):101962
BackgroundCamrelizumab, as a PD-1 inhibitor on the market recently, presents favorable therapeutic efficacy in several advanced cancers, while its application in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) lacks data. This study aimed to assess treatment response, survival profile, and adverse events of camrelizumab plus apatinib regimen as third-line treatment in mGC patients.MethodsNineteen mGC patients who received camrelizumab plus apatinib as third-line treatment were analyzed in this observational study. Subsequently, treatment response and adverse events were documented, then progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.ResultsNo (0.0%) patient achieved complete response; 5 (26.3%) patients achieved partial response; 8 (42.1%) patients had stable disease; 6 (31.6%) patients had progressive disease, resulting in objective response rate and disease control rate of 26.3% and 68.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the median PFS and OS were 7.0 (95%CI: 2.9–11.0) months and 10.0 (95%CI: 7.4–12.6) months, accordingly. Besides, multiple metastases linked with worse PFS (P = 0.029) and OS (P = 0.021); Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score 1 (vs. 0) related to shorter OS (P = 0.030). Worth noting, the common adverse events were fatigue (42.1%), anemia (42.1%), neutropenia (42.1%), leukopenia (36.8%), pruritus (31.6%), proteinuria (31.6%), nausea and vomiting (31.6%), reactive capillary hemangioma (31.6%) and thrombocytopenia (31.6%). Meanwhile, grade 3–4 adverse events only included: thrombocytopenia (5.3%), hypertension (5.3%), and proteinuria (5.3%).ConclusionCamrelizumab plus apatinib as third-line treatment achieves satisfactory therapeutic efficacy and survival profile with generally manageable adverse events in mGC patients. 相似文献
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《Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics》2019,34(3):165-171
Valproic acid (VPA) is used as one of the first-line antiepileptic drugs to control seizure in epilepsy patients. However, one third of patients do not respond to VPA. This study is to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in multidrug transporters on VPA responses in Han Chinese epilepsy patients on VPA monotherapy. Twelve SNPs involved in VPA transport pathways, including ABCC2, ABCC4, ABCG2, MCT1, MCT2 and OATP2B1 were genotyped in 153 Han Chinese epilepsy patients. We found that among all the patients, MCT1 rs60844753 CC carriers have higher incidence of VPA-resistance than CG carriers (P = 0.05), and in subgroup of generalized seizure, ABCC2 rs3740066 CC carriers had higher frequency of VPA resistance than TC + TT carriers (P = 0.03). Although other SNPs were not correlated with VPA resistance, significant ethnic difference was found in minor allele frequency of these SNPs, indicating that the influence of these SNPs on VPA efficacy should be broadly investigated in other ethnic populations. This study provides nominal evidence that SNPs of genes involved in the transport of VPA contribute to interpatient variation in VPA response. Although the associations were abolished after Bonferroni correction, the results provide an incentive for further research in sufficiently large samples. 相似文献
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Background:The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetic subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and region are unestablished.Methods:We searched PubMed and Embase for related randomized controlled trials. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis, stratified by drug class, on MACE in various subgroups defined by 3 factors of interest (ie, race, ethnicity, and region) to estimate pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval. Random-effects meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the differences between 2 drug classes.Results:We included 11 randomized controlled trials for pooled analysis. Compared with placebo, SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced the risk of MACE (HR ranged from 0.76 to 0.93) in most diabetic subgroups defined by 3 factors of interest. The 2 drug classes did not significantly reduced this risk in the Black race group (HR 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.70–1.20). The effect of the 2 drug classes on MACE was not significantly different in all diabetic subgroups of interest (P-value for subgroup differences ranged from .101 to .971).Conclusions:SGLT2is and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists can significantly reduce the risk of MACE in most type 2 diabetic subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and region, whereas they fail to do it in Black individuals. 相似文献
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主动脉内球囊反搏泵(IABP)是一项临床上常用的治疗手段,现已广泛应用于急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克、血流动力学不稳定的高危经皮冠状动脉介入治疗、冠状动脉旁路移植术等临床情况。最近一些研究对IABP的应用提出质疑,但我们综合分析认为IABP的应用是有价值的。 相似文献
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《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2020,30(4):644-651
Background and aimTo explore the prevalence of unknown diabetes (DM) or prediabetes (pre-DM) in “nondiabetic” patients and its association with 2-year clinical outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and results5202 consecutive “nondiabetic” patients who underwent primary PCI at Fuwai Hospital from January to December 2013 were prospectively enrolled. The patients were grouped according to their glycemia status: unknown DM (HbA1c ≥ 47 mmol/L; FPG≥ 7.0 mmol/L), pre-DM (HbA1c 39–47 mmol/L; FPG: 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) and normoglycemia (NG, HbA1c < 39 mmol/L; FPG < 5.6 mmol/L). The main endpoint was 2-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. A total of 905 patients had unknown DM, and 3407 patients had pre-DM. Unknown DM and pre-DM were associated with aging (p < 0.001); a greater proportion of hypertension (p < 0.001), previous myocardial infarction (p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.004). During the 2-year follow-up, the rate of MACE was significantly higher in the unknown DM and pre-DM groups than in the NG group (8.1% vs. 5.8% vs. 4.1%, respectively, p = 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that unknown DM was associated with a 1.9-fold higher event risk compared to NG (95% CI: 1.2–2.8).ConclusionsThe prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism was high in “nondiabetic” Chinese PCI patients. Patients with unknown DM and pre-DM had higher event risks than those with NG. In “nondiabetes” patients requiring PCI, routine assessment of HbA1c and FPG appears to be of value to identify patients with an increased event risk. 相似文献