益气活血法联合低分子肝素和尿激酶治疗脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓临床观察

目的 观察益气活血法联合低分子肝素及尿激酶治疗脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓的疗效。方法 将53例脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓患者随机分为治疗组（26例）和对照组（27例）,对照组给予常规治疗及西药抗凝、溶栓治疗,治疗组除给予同对照组治疗方法外,还给予益气活血中药辨证加减治疗。观察两组治疗前后血小板（blood platelet,PLT）计数、凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）、国际标准化比率（international normalized ratio,INR）、活化部分凝血激酶时间（activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT）、D 二聚体水平以及两组临床疗效。结果 与对照组比较,治疗组PT、INR、APTT差值差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组在降低D 二聚体水平方面优于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 益气活血中药联合低分子肝素及尿激酶治疗脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓具有明显的作用和优势。     

调肝益肾汤、帕罗西汀单用和联用治疗早泄临床观察

目的 观察单用帕罗西汀、调肝益肾汤及帕罗西汀联合调肝益肾汤治疗早泄的临床疗效。方法 将96例早泄患者随机分为帕罗西汀组、调肝益肾汤组、中西医结合组,每组32例。帕罗西汀组予以帕罗西汀,每次20 mg,口服,每晚1次;调肝益肾汤组予以中药调肝益肾汤口服,每日1剂,早晚分服;中西医结合组联合服用帕罗西汀与中药调肝益肾汤。3组疗程均为8周,比较3组患者治疗前后及停药10周末阴道内射精潜伏时间（intravaginal ejaculatory latency time,IELT）、中国早泄患者性功能指数（Chinese index of sexual function for premature ejaculation,CIPE）及不良反应。结果 治疗后及停药10周末,3组患者IELT均较治疗前明显延长（P＜0.05）,CIPE评分及各条目评分均较治疗前明显升高（P＜0.05）;与帕罗西汀组、调肝益肾汤组比较,治疗后及停药10周末中西医结合组患者IELT明显延长（P＜0.05）,CIPE评分及各条目评分明显升高（P＜0.05）。停药10周末,调肝益肾汤IELT显著大于帕罗西汀组（P＜0.05）,而CIPE评分及各条目评分与帕罗西汀组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。3组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 调肝益肾汤联合帕罗西汀治疗早泄的短期疗效和长期疗效较好,不良反应少。单用调肝益肾汤因其较好的安全性及长期疗效,亦有一定的临床应用价值。     

凉血地黄汤加减对混合痔术后创面愈合时间的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察凉血地黄汤加减对混合痔术后患者创面愈合及并发症的影响,并探讨其促进创面愈合的作用机制。方法 将80例混合痔术后患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予抗感染、中药熏洗及换药等常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以凉血地黄汤加减口服治疗,疗程7 d。术后1、7 d,对两组患者创面疼痛和水肿程度进行评分;对两组术后并发症进行评估;患者出院后随访两组患者创面愈合时间;术后1、3、7 d分别检测两组患者血清中转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β）、表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（collagenⅠ,COL-Ⅰ）水平。结果 术后7 d,两组患者的疼痛评分、水肿评分均较术后1 d降低,其中两组患者术后1 d与术后7 d疼痛评分差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者创面愈合时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后3 d,两组患者TGF-β、EGF及COL-Ⅰ水平均较术后1 d显著升高（P＜0.05）;术后7 d,两组患者TGF-β、EGF及COL-Ⅰ水平较术后3 d显著升高（P＜0.05）;术后3、7 d,两组患者TGF-β、EGF及COL-Ⅰ水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 凉血地黄汤加减联合常规治疗可减轻混合痔患者术后疼痛,减少术后并发症,缩短创面愈合时间。其促进创面愈合的机制可能与提高血清TGF-β、EGF、COL-Ⅰ水平有关。     

芪贞降糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠TGF-β1/Smad信号通路的调控作用

目的 观察芪贞降糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠TGF-β1/Smad信号通路的调控作用,探讨其改善糖尿病肾病的作用机制。方法 采用高脂饲料喂养联合链尿佐菌素腹腔注射方法复制2型糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,选取模型复制成功的大鼠,随机分为模型组,二甲双胍组,芪贞降糖颗粒低、中、高剂量组,每组10只,另取10只正常大鼠作为正常对照组。灌胃给药8周,检测各组大鼠尿α1微球蛋白、β2微球蛋白和白蛋白含量。苏木素-伊红染色观察大鼠肾组织的损伤程度,免疫荧光染色观察大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor beta 1,TGF-β1）和转化生长因子βⅠ型受体（transforming growth factor beta type Ⅰ receptor,TGF-βRⅠ）的表达分布。RT-PCR检测肾组织TGF-β1、TGF-βRⅠ、Smad3和Smad7 mRNA的表达水平,Western blot检测肾组织TGF-β1、TGF-βRⅠ、Smad3、p-Smad3、Smad7和p-Smad7的蛋白表达水平。结果 与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠尿α1微球蛋白、β2微球蛋白及白蛋白含量均明显增加（P＜0.05）,肾组织损伤明显,TGF-β1和TGFβ-RⅠ表达增加;TGF-β1、TGF-βRⅠ、Smad3 mRNA表达水平显著增高（P＜0.05）,Smad7 mRNA表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,TGF-β1、TGF-βRⅠ、Smad3和p-Smad3蛋白表达水平显著增加（P＜0.05）,Smad7和p-Smad7蛋白表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,芪贞降糖颗粒组上述指标均具有不同程度的逆转,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 芪贞降糖颗粒能够改善糖尿病大鼠肾组织的损伤程度,其机制可能与调控TGF-β1/Smad信号通路的蛋白表达有关。     

耳穴贴压合肝豆灵对肝豆状核变性患者抑郁状态的影响

目的 观察耳穴贴压联合肝豆灵治疗肝豆状核变性（hepatolenticular degeneration,HLD）患者抑郁状态的疗效。方法 将82例HLD伴抑郁状态患者随机分成对照组、肝豆灵组、肝豆灵合耳穴贴压组。对照组患者接受常规治疗和常规护理,肝豆灵组患者在对照组疗法基础上接受肝豆灵治疗,肝豆灵合耳穴贴压组患者在肝豆灵组疗法基础上接受耳穴贴压治疗。治疗前和治疗6周后分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale, HAMD)评价患者的抑郁状态。结果 3组患者治疗6周后HAMD总分均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.05）,其中肝豆灵合耳穴贴压组HAMD总分及绝望因子、睡眠障碍因子评分降低程度显著大于肝豆灵组和对照组（P<0.05）。结论 耳穴贴压联合肝豆灵在改善HLD患者抑郁状态方面具有一定疗效。     

半月板成形术配合中药内服治疗退行性半月板损伤近期疗效观察

目的 观察关节镜下半月板成形术配合活血利水汤内服治疗退行性半月板损伤的临床疗效。方法 将60例退行性半月板损伤患者随机分成对照组和观察组各30例。两组均行关节镜下半月板修整成形术,观察组术后予以活血利水汤中药内服,对照组术后口服塞来昔布胶囊。两组均连续服用14 d,术后随访6个月。观察和比较两组患者治疗前、术后2周、术后6个月西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（Western Ontario McMaster University osteoarthritis index,WOMAC）评分、Lequesne MG评分、关节疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、Lysholm评分、日本矫形外科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、关节活动度。结果 两组患者治疗后WOMAC评分、VAS评分、Lysholm评分、JOA评分、Lequesne MG评分及关节活动度均较治疗前显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后2周和术后6个月,观察组患者WOMAC评分、VAS评分、Lysholm评分、JOA评分、Lequesne MG评分均较对照组显著改善（P＜0.05）;膝关节活动度在术后2周观察组优于对照组（P＜0.05）,术后6个月随访时两组患者膝关节活动的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 半月板成形术是治疗退行性半月板损伤的有效方法,活血利水汤可改善术后膝关节肿痛,促进膝关节术后功能的恢复。     

Trends in Prevalence of Serious Psychological Distress and Depression Among Adults with Stroke in the United States

ObjectivesTo examine national trends in prevalence of serious psychological distress and depression among adults with stroke in the United States (US) from 2004 to 2017, and variations across sociodemographic subgroups.MethodsData were obtained from the household components of the 2004-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey in the US. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack was based on self-report. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler-6 scale, and depressive symptoms were measured by the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to examine the trends in prevalence of serious psychological distress and depression overall and by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ResultsAmong 10889 participants with stroke or transient ischemic attack, 60.0% were aged ≥ 65, 54.4% were female, and 72.2% were non-Hispanic white. The prevalence of serious psychological distress decreased from 14.9% in 2004-2005 to 11.3% in 2016-2017, corresponding to 7% lower odds every 2 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.97); and the prevalence of depression decreased from 23.1% in 2004-2005 to 18.3% in 2016-2017, corresponding to 5% lower odds every 2 years (aOR=0.95, 95% CI=0.92-0.98), after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, functional limitations, and antidepressant use. The trends varied significantly by age, but not sex and race/ethnicity. The overall decline was mainly driven by older adults above age 64.ConclusionsPrevalence of serious psychological distress and depression among US adults with stroke decreased from 2004 to 2017, but the burden of mental health problems remained high.     

Muscle Oxygenation of the Paretic and Nonparetic Legs During and After Arterial Occlusion in Chronic Stroke

Oxygen delivery and demand are reduced in the paretic leg post-stroke, reflecting decreased vascular function and reduced muscle quantity and quality. However, it is unknown how muscle oxygenation, the balance between muscle oxygen delivery and utilization, is altered in chronic stroke during and after occlusion-induced ischemia.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine muscle oxygen consumption rate, microvascular responsiveness and reactive hyperemia in the paretic and nonparetic legs during and after arterial occlusion post-stroke.Materials and MethodsMuscle oxygen saturation was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy on the vastus lateralis of each leg during 3-minute arterial occlusion and recovery (3 min). Muscle oxygen consumption was derived from the desaturation slope during ischemia, microvascular responsiveness was derived from the resaturation slope after ischemia and reactive hyperemia was derived from the area under the curve above baseline after ischemia. Results: Eleven subjects (91% male; 32.2±6.1 months post-stroke; age 62.9±13.6 years) with a hemiparetic gait pattern participated. There was no significant between-leg muscle oxygenation difference at rest (paretic: 64.9±16.6%; nonparetic: 70.6±15.6%, p = 0.13). Muscle oxygen consumption in the paretic leg (-0.53±0.24%/s) was significantly reduced compared to the nonparetic leg (-0.70±0.36%/s; p = 0.03). Microvascular responsiveness was significantly reduced in the paretic leg compared to the nonparetic leg (paretic: 4.6±1.8%/s; nonparetic: 5.7±1.6%/s, p = 0.04). Reactive hyperemia was not significantly different between legs (paretic:4384±2341%·s; nonparetic: 3040±2216%·s, p = 0.07).ConclusionMuscle oxygen consumption and microvascular responsiveness are impaired in the paretic compared to the nonparetic leg, suggesting both reduced skeletal muscle aerobic function and reduced ability to maximally perfuse muscle tissue.     

肩关节腔注射结合针刺董氏奇穴治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期临床观察

目的 观察肩关节腔注射结合针刺董氏奇穴治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期的临床疗效。方法 选取64例脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期患者为对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组32例,两组均给予常规的基础治疗和康复训练,观察组进行肩关节腔注射结合针刺董氏奇穴治疗,对照组进行常规针刺治疗方法,两组均以治疗4周为1个疗程,1个疗程后评估其治疗效果。采用视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评估疼痛程度,采用Fugl-Meyer量表（Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA）评估患者的运动功能,采用改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)评估患者的日常生活自理能力,并观察患者肩部肿胀程度。结果 治疗4周后,观察组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后VAS评分、患手肿胀程度评分明显降低（P＜0.05）,FMA、MBI评分明显升高（P＜0.05）,观察组治疗后VAS评分降低程度和FMA、MBI评分升高程度显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 肩关节腔注射结合针刺董氏奇穴可以有效缓解脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期患者患侧肢体疼痛,提高患者上肢运动功能和患者日常生活自理能力,减轻手的肿胀程度。     

加味参苓白术散对持续非卧床腹膜透析患者胃功能指标的影响

[摘要]目的 观察加味参苓白术散对持续非卧床腹膜透析（continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD）脾虚瘀浊证患者胃功能指标的影响。方法 将66例CAPD脾虚瘀浊证患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各33例,6例退出观察,实际完成60例。2组均予CAPD及常规对症治疗。对照组口服复方ɑ酮酸片,观察组加服加味参苓白术散,疗程12周。观察治疗前后反流性疾病问卷评分（Reflux diagnostic questionnaire,RDQ）的变化,检测血清胃泌素17（Gastrin-17,G-17）、胃蛋白酶原I（Pepsinogen I,PG I）、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（Pepsinogen Ⅱ,PGⅡ）、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ（PGⅠ/PGⅡ）、前白蛋白（Prealbumin,PA）、转铁蛋白（Transferrin,TRF）、血清白蛋白（Albumin,ALB）等指标变化;检测并计算腹膜透析尿素清除指数（Blood ureaclear index,Kt/V）,评估透析充分性。结果 对照组中医临床有效率53.3%低于观察组80%（P<0.05）;2组反流性疾病问卷评分均较治疗前下降（P<0.05）,且在治疗第9、12周末观察组明显低于同期对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后血清G-17、PG I、PGⅡ较治疗前及同期对照组降低（P<0.05）,PA、TRF、ALB、Kt/V较治疗前及同期对照组升高（P<0.05）,PGⅠ/PGⅡ变化不明显。对照组治疗后血清G-17、PG I、PGⅡ水平下降（P<0.05）,PA、ALB水平升高（P<0.05）,PGⅠ/PGⅡ、TRF、Kt/V变化不明显（P>0.05）。结论 加味参苓白术散可改善CAPD脾虚瘀浊证患者胃功能指标,提高患者营养水平。