Dental Caries in Japanese Human Skeletal Remains

The focus of the present study was dental carious sites in ancient Japanese skeletal remains, which has long been a focus of research. This topic is of interest because it has not received much attention. In addition, the causes of numerous incidents of root caries observed in the investigation of dental caries in ancient skeletal remains need to be examined. The results of this study indicated that there are more root caries than coronal caries in modern-day people. In Japanese people of the Edo period or earlier, the great majority of dental carious sites were on root surfaces. The cause was the loss of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease, and the cementum of the root was exposed, resulting in caries invasion of the exposed area. This sequence of events led to a pattern of dental caries and root caries in ancient Japanese people. This type of caries can be said to be of the elderly-type caries of the modern era. It is generally speculated that the advancement of physiological aging in ancient people was very rapid as they were under considerable physical stress. Unlike modern-day people, ancient people were unable to receive scientific dental treatment, and dental caries and periodontal disease were more frequent than expected. Using information gathered from investigations over many years, the historical changes in dental caries and the characteristics of dental caries in Japanese people from the Jomon period to the modern era are outlined.     

Identification of West Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups by mtDNA SNP screening: Results of the 2006–2007 EDNAP collaborative exercise

The European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) Group performed a collaborative exercise on a mitochondrial (mt) DNA screening assay that targeted 16 nucleotide positions in the coding region and allowed for the discrimination of major west Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups. The purpose of the exercise was to evaluate the stability and reproducibility of the self-developed multiplex-PCR and multiplex-single base extension kit by blind-testing saliva and hair shaft samples provided by the organizing laboratory. The overall success rate in obtaining useful results was high given that some of the participating laboratories had no previous experience with the technology and/or mtDNA analysis. The results of this collaborative exercise stimulate the expansion of screening methods in forensic laboratories to increase efficiency and performance of mtDNA typing, and thus demonstrates that mtDNA SNP typing is a powerful tool for forensic casework analysis.     

Research projects on jaw function and occlusion published in 2008 by members of the Japan Prosthodontic Society: A review

This article reviews the findings of 5 original papers in the areas of jaw function published in the Journal of the Japan Prosthodontic Society (J Japan Prosthodontic Soc; Nippon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi in Medline/PubMed; issued in Volume 52, 2008). A variety of subjects in relation to body movement associated with mandibular movement, parameters for mandibular movement analysis, system evaluation for a new jaw tracking device and obstructive sleep apnea were examined in the listed articles.     

Binding of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliexpressing different colonization factors to tissue-cultured Caco-2 cells and to isolated human enterocytes

The binding of ETEC strains expressing different colonization factors to the human enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2 and to isolated human enterocytes were determined. Strains expressing CFA/I, CS2, CS4+CS6, CS5+CS6, CS7, CFA/III+CS6 and PCFO166 adhered well to both types of cells whereas bacteria producing CS1, CS6 only, or CS17 did not adhere to either Caco-2 cells or to jejunal human enterocytes, suggesting that similar binding structures are present in both cell types. However, in some instances, binding of bacteria to the two types of cells differed, e.g. bacteria expressing CS3 or PCFO9 bound well to human enterocytes but not to Caco-2 cells. Conversely, bacteria producing PCFO20 or PCFO159 only adhered to Caco-2 cells and not to jejunal enterocytes. With few exceptions, this inability to bind to human enterocytes was the same for cells from all parts of the small intestine. This study contradicts previous reports suggesting that the binding structures of Caco-2 cells are identical to those of human enterocytes.     

SOX2通过PI3K/AKT通路调控口腔鳞癌细胞迁徙的机制研究

目的:研究过表达SOX2通过PI3K/AKT通路促进口腔鳞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)细胞迁移及上皮间质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT)的作用及机制.方法:收集OSCC组织及正常口腔黏膜组织,培养OSCC细胞株Tca83、SC...     

唾液腺腺样囊性癌来源的外泌体促进癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭

目的:探索人唾液腺腺样囊性癌不同细胞系分泌的外泌体对其癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。方法:使用ExoEasy Maxi Kit (Qiagen,Hilden,Germany)试剂盒提取外泌体,通过透射电镜、纳米粒子跟踪分析（NTA）、蛋白免疫印迹Western blotting技术鉴定提取的肿瘤外泌体。并在外泌体的干预下,采用CCK-8法、平板克隆形成实验、细胞划痕及Transwell实验检测细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。结果:透射电镜及纳米粒子跟踪分析（NTA）检测显示:提取的外泌体主要直径在30~150 nm之间,其形态呈典型的“茶托型”结构;Western blotting检测到外泌体特异性标志蛋白CD9、CD63及TSG101呈阳性表达。CCK-8法及平板克隆实验显示唾液腺腺样囊性癌来源的外泌体可增强其癌细胞增殖能力（P<0.05）。细胞划痕及Transwell实验表明其外泌体可增强癌细胞迁移及侵袭能力（P<0.05）。结论:唾液腺腺样囊性癌不同细胞系均分泌外泌体。唾液腺腺样囊性癌外泌体可增强其癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力。     

Influence of different mucosal phenotype on early and long-term marginal bone loss around implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

To investigate the influence of different mucosal phenotypes on peri-implant marginal bone loss.

Materials and methods

The search was conducted in five databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science (until 1st Sept. 2022) to identify relevant clinical studies. Potentially relevant journals were also manually searched. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the studies. Prospective clinical trials and observational studies investigating peri-implant marginal bone loss in thick-mucosa and thin-mucosa groups were included.

Results

A total of 14 studies were included in this systematic review. Results of the meta-analysis revealed a weighted mean difference of 0.38 mm for marginal bone loss between thick- and thin-mucosa groups (95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.74, P = 0.002). Statistical significance existed in short-term (follow-up ≤ 1 year) data (WMD = 0.41 mm, 95%CI = 0.11–0.70, P = 0.007), but not in long term (follow-up ≥ 3 y) data (WMD = 0.17 mm, 95%CI = – 0.02–0.36, P = 0.07). Survival rate revealed no difference between thick and thin mucosa groups. In subgroup analyses, a positive association between thick mucosa and less marginal bone loss was found in the non-submerged group, cement-retained group, and bone-level group.

Conclusions

A significantly less marginal bone loss occurred in implants with thick mucosa than with thin mucosa in the short term, whereas no significant difference was observed in the long term. Due to the substantial heterogeneity and limited long-term data, further high-quality evidence is warranted to confirm the results.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians are advised to use caution in treating patients with thin mucosa and adhere closely to indications and protocols to minimize marginal bone loss.

     

Plasma exchange in relapsing isolated retinal vasculitis

Retinal vasculitis (RV) is a rare inflammatory disease of retinal vessels. In the majority of cases only the eye is involved and it is thought that isolated RV is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the retina, in which anti-retinal autoimmunity plays a major pathogenetic role. Considering its rationale, therapeutic plasma exchange (PE) was advantageously employed in a case of relapsing isolated RV associated with detectable anti-retinal antibodies.     

血管化髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损及术后血运监测

血管化髂骨移植修复下颌骨缺损及术后血运监测胡勤刚，金友仁，徐明耀，翁应时下颌骨缺损常见于肿瘤切除术后及粉碎性骨折。因下颌骨连续性中断，严重影响患者的容貌、咀嚼功能及语言能力，给患者生活和工作带来诸多不便，因此，修复下颌骨缺损已成为共识［１、３］。目前...     

Evaluation of mandibular reconstruction with free vascularized fibular flap

Objective： To evaluates mandible reconstruction by free vascularized fibular flap with special emphasis on the immediate complications. Methods：The clinical data of 63 patients were reviewed, 35 male and 28 female（age range 16 to 73 years）. Aesthetic and functional outcomes were evaluated by follow-up and/or telephone conversation. Results：Among the 63 fibular flaps, 29 were osteocutaneous flaps with one or two skin islands. All the flaps were surviving well and the success rate was 100%. Long term donor site disability was not recorded for any patient. Thirty-one patients responded for aesthetic and functional evaluation, 20 cases（64.5%） reported their facial appearance as excellent or good, 11 （35.48%） felt fair; 14 cases （45%） could eat unrestricted diet, 17（55%） could eat soft diet; 21 cases were（67.67%） speech normal, 10（22.33%） speech intelligible. Conclusion：Free fibular flap reflects good functional and esthetic results with a high degree of consistency, and acceptable level of complications, and we strongly believe the vascularized fibular flap is the first choice for mandibular reconstruction.