Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

Berberine plays a cardioprotective role by inhibiting macrophage Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in the myocardium of mice after myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the diseases with high fatality rate. Berberine (BBR) is a monomer compound with various biological functions. And some studies have confirmed that BBR plays an important role in alleviating cardiomyocyte injury after MI. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. In this study, we induced a model of MI by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and we surprisingly found that BBR significantly improved ventricular remodeling, with a minor inflammatory and oxidative stress injury, and stronger angiogenesis. Moreover, BBR inhibited the secretion of Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in macrophages after MI, thus promoting the differentiation of macrophages into M2 type. In summary, BBR effectively improved cardiac function of mice after MI, and the potential protective mechanism was associated with the regulation of inflammatory responses and the inhibition of macrophage Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in the infarcted heart tissues. Importantly, these findings supported BBR as an effective cardioprotective drug after MI.     

Preoperative Estimated Risk of Microvascular Invasion is Associated with Prognostic Differences Following Liver Resection Versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Early Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Annals of Surgical Oncology - The aim of this study was to examine prognostic differences between liver resection (LR) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma...     

禽流感病毒研究进展及抗H7N9型病毒疫苗与抗体研究

禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）是一种可引起急性呼吸道传染病的人畜共患病毒。自2013年我国出现了全球首例人感染H7N9型AIV病例以来,人们对该病毒产生了担忧与恐慌。AIV在全球广泛传播,人感染不同型别AIV事件也持续发生,造成了巨大的经济损失。目前尚无针对该病的特异性治疗措施与药物,疫苗成为最有可能预防控制病毒传播的手段。现有针对H7N9型AIV的兽用与人用疫苗种类繁多,其中,4类人用H7N9型AIV疫苗已经率先进入了临床试验阶段,主要包括了病毒样颗粒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗及DNA疫苗,并显示出了良好的安全性和免疫原性。因为暂无上市的人用AIV疫苗,所以其真实效力不得而知。此外,现有的流感疫苗在人群中虽然具有良好的安全性和免疫原性,但对H7N9型AIV并无交叉抗体反应。本文回顾AIV的病原学、流行病学、职业暴露人群调查与防控策略、H7N9型AIV疫苗及H7N9型AIV全人源单克隆抗体研究进展,讨论尚存的问题和挑战以及未来的发展方向,为加深对疾病的了解以及控制AIV在全球的蔓延提供防控策略与方针。     

The nudge strategies for weight loss in adults with obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Obesity and overweight conditions have become major health challenges worldwide. The exploration of effective weight loss strategies is essential. Nudges are currently advancing approaches that represent a new and better method for changing the behaviors of people. However, the effectiveness of nudge interventions on weight loss in overweight people who may be obese has not been synthesized in a systematic manner. In this study, a systematic literature search was performed. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as summary statistics. In total, 25 RCTs involving a population of 5,929 individuals were included. Significant effects of the nudge strategy on weight loss (WMD: -0.96 kg, 95% CI: -1.49 to -0.43), body mass index (WMD: -0.3 kg/m², 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.19) and waist circumference (WMD: -0.75 cm, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.27) were observed. The subgroup analysis showed that the reduction in body weight associated with nudge interventions was significant in younger and more obese people. Moreover, the effect of nudge intervention on weight loss weakened over time. Overall, the nudge strategy can promote changes in weight loss, body mass index and waist circumference of adults, albeit at a mild magnitude and in particular types of individuals. Nudge strategies can be recommended to clinical practitioners and policy-makers to promote obesity management.     

健康管理高血压患者血压控制及影响因素分析

目的 了解社区参加慢性病健康管理高血压患者常规随访情况、时期血压控制效果及影响因素,为完善社区健康管理提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取泸州市参加健康管理的高血压患者作为研究对象,采用现况调查与回顾性随访研究相结合的方法进行资料的收集。通过有序多分类logistic回归模型探讨时期血压控制效果的影响因素。结果 泸州市社区参加健康管理高血压患者随访达标率为52.1%,时期血压控制效果优良为55.1%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄为65~79岁（OR=2.822,95%CI:1.440~5.530）、退休人员（OR=1.350,95%CI:1.032~1.767）、参加健康管理超过2年（与＜2年相比,≥5年OR =1.434,95%CI:1.087~1.893;2~4年OR=1.459 ,95%CI:1.107~1.923）、自我报告规律服药（OR=1.860,95%CI:1.234~2.803）以及随访达标（OR=1.444,95%CI:1.157~1.803）患者时期血压控制效果更优良。结论 泸州市社区健康管理高血压患者常规随访达标率不高,时期血压控制效果也不太理想,亟需改善基层医疗卫生服务中心的医疗水平及服务质量,及早将患者纳入到规范化健康管理。     

老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系的构建

目的应用德尔菲法建立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系,为针对性提高慢性病的综合管理效果提供依据。方法基于前期课题组建立的老年人健康评估量表的框架,通过文献研究,结合心血管病患者特点,初步确立老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。选取专业相关领域的22位专家,采用德尔菲法进行两轮专家咨询,根据咨询结果及专家意见调整指标体系。使用SPSS 20.0软件计算各指标的重要性、可操作性和敏感性评分,并应用Yaahp10.0层次分析软件计算各指标权重。结果本研究中完成两轮咨询的专家共20位,两轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为90.9%和100%;两轮咨询专家总平均权威系数分别为0.808及0.856;第1轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.260、0.218和0.231,第2轮重要性、可操作性和敏感性的专家协调系数分别为0.345、0.377和0.405,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过两轮专家咨询后最终建立包含5个一级指标、25个二级指标、37个三级指标的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系。结论通过德尔菲法构建的老年心血管病患者健康状况综合评价指标体系可靠、客观,可用于老年心血管病患者综合健康评估,有助于对慢性病患者进行精准化健康管理。     

An analytical method for quantitative estimation of the cytotoxicity of dental alloys

INTRODUCTION　　The two mostimportantcriteria fordental materialsare their bio-functionalandbio-compatible endurance within the anticipated life-span of the dental restoration inthe mouth.The bio-compatibility of amaterial relates mainly to theallergenici…