我国居民预防保健服务需求及影响因素研究

目的 了解我国居民预防保健服务需求及其影响因素。方法 采用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）2009年的数据,选取年龄在18岁及以上的居民,剔除无效数据后,共有9 988人纳入本研究。以是否接受过预防保健服务为因变量,以性别、年龄、城乡、婚姻状况、民族、受教育水平、年人均收入、医疗保险、自评健康情况以及高血压、糖尿病、心肌梗死、卒中疾病史为自变量。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析对我国居民预防保健服务需求的影响因素进行分析。结果 9 988中有421人接受了预防保健服务,接受预防保健服务率为4.2%。单因素分析显示,不同性别、年龄、城乡、受教育水平、医疗保险、年人均收入水平、高血压及糖尿病疾病史的居民预防保健服务需求率间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：性别〔OR=1.252,95%CI（1.023,1.531）〕、年龄〔OR=1.386,95%CI（1.013,1.897）〕、受教育水平〔OR=1.702,95%CI（1.258,2.303）;OR=1.696,95%CI（1.283,2.242）〕、医疗保险〔OR=1.572,95%CI（1.105,2.236）〕、收入水平〔OR=1.696,95%CI（1.338,2.149）;OR=1.391,95%CI（1.090,1.774）〕及糖尿病病史〔OR=2.137,95%CI（1.235,3.697）〕对居民预防保健服务需求的影响有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 我国居民的预防保健服务需求不足,而且居民预防保健服务需求受到性别、年龄、受教育水平、医疗保险、收入及糖尿病病史诸多因素的影响|应采取有针对性的措施提高居民预防保健服务需求。     

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Objective To review the mechanisms of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its role in the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Data sources The data used in this review were obtained mainly from the studies of EMT reported from 2000–2006.Study selection Relevant articles on studies of EMT in tubulointerstitial fibrosis were selected. Data were mainly extracted from the 45 articles listed in the reference section of this review.Results The process of EMT has gained wide recognition as candidate mechanism in progression of chronic fibrotic disorders. New markers were identified and facilitate the observation of EMT. EMT is regulated by many factors through activation of kinase-dependent signaling cascades. Recent findings suggest that EMT is a reversible process, which can be controlled by factors for their epithelial inducing activities. Conclusion Remarkable progresses of EMT research have been made recently. Preventing or reversing EMT is a promising strategy against renal fibrosis.     

脑卒中女性患者的盆底结构及盆底肌电特征

目的 探讨脑卒中对女性患者盆底结构和功能的影响。方法 2020年6月至12月,东南大学附属中大医院住院的脑卒中女性患者21例(卒中组)分为尿失禁组(n=6)和非尿失禁组(n=15),另选取同龄健康女性志愿者20例作为对照组。所有受试者行经会阴盆底超声和盆底表面肌电检查。结果 尿失禁组和非尿失禁组平均肌电值、积分肌电值、均方根值、平均功率频率和中位频率均低于对照组(P <0.05),尿失禁组与非尿失禁组间无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。三组间膀胱颈位置,膀胱尿道后角,膀胱颈移动度,尿道旋转角,以及Valsalva动作后肛提肌裂孔前后径、左右径和面积均无显著性差异(F <2.484, P> 0.05)。结论 无论是否存在尿失禁,脑卒中女性患者盆底肌活动均有不同程度下降,盆底支持组织的结构尚未发生明显改变。     

放射诊断学精品课程的建设与探索

精品课程是教育部质量工程的重要组成部分之一,本文总结了国家级精品课程放射诊断学的建设经验,介绍了其在学科建设、专业建设中的基础作用和对人才培养质量的重要意义,并进一步探讨其可持续发展的思路。     

Clinicians on the board: What difference does it make?

Around the world clinical professionals have increased their involvement in the management of health services. However the evidence to suggest that these changes will lead to improved performance remains fragmented. In this paper we address this matter focussing on the impact of clinicians appointed to the boards of directors of English NHS hospital trusts. Although the number of clinicians involved in the strategic governance of hospital trusts is relatively low by international standards, they do appear to have an impact on overall performance. Drawing on published information from hospital trust annual reports, publicly available performance measures from the Healthcare Commission and data gathered by Dr Foster over a three year period (2006–9), the paper reports two main findings. First, the analysis reveals a significant and positive association between a higher percentage of clinicians on boards and the quality ratings of service providers, especially where doctors are concerned. This positive influence is also confirmed in relation to lower morbidity rates and tests to exclude the possibility of reverse causality (doctors joining boards of already successful organisations). Second, we do not find the same level of support for clinical professions such as nurses and other allied health professions turned directors.     

单发和多发骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经椎体成形术治疗后再发骨折的对比分析

目的 对比分析单发与多发骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术(PVP)后1年内再发骨折的风险、间隔时间及诱因。方法 回顾性分析接受PVP治疗的156例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,将患者分为单发骨折及多发骨折两组,记录始发及再发椎体骨折的时间、数目及再发骨折的诱因。比较两组患者性别及再发骨折发生率差异,骨密度、骨折诱因差异,年龄及再发骨折时间的差异。结果 156例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者中单发椎体压缩骨折102例,多发椎体压缩骨折54例。102例单发椎体骨折中,有16例患者再发生骨折,再发椎体骨折平均时间185.0天,54例多发椎体压缩骨折患者中,有20例患者再发骨折,再发椎体骨折平均时间123.7天。再发骨折有明确诱因者单发骨折组2例,多发骨折组3例。统计学分析两组患者再发骨折的风险及间隔时间有明显差异(P＜0.05)。结论 骨质疏松性多椎体骨折较单椎体骨折PVP术后易再发生骨折,且间隔时间短,再发骨折多无明确的诱因。     

成人腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者脊柱骨盆矢状面形态学研究

【摘要】 目的：研究成人腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者的脊柱骨盆矢状面形态。方法：选择2009年3月~2012年3月就诊且有完整影像学资料的腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者共58例,其中峡部裂性滑脱（峡部裂组）29例,男9例,女20例,年龄23~67岁,Ⅰ度滑脱22例、Ⅱ度7例,L4滑脱16例、L5滑脱13例;退变性滑脱（退变组）29例,男5例,女24例,年龄45~85岁,Ⅰ度滑脱22例、Ⅱ度7例,L3滑脱3例、L4滑脱23例、L5滑脱3例。峡部裂组和退变组患者ODI评分分别为25.5分和22.0分,两组间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。测量两组脊柱骨盆矢状面形态学指标,包括骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）、腰椎前凸角（lumber lordosis,LL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、矢状面轴向垂直距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）。同时测量两组病例的腰椎滑脱角、滑脱率以及滑脱距离。采用独立样本t检验对两组患者的上述指标进行比较。结果：峡部裂组患者LL、TK和滑脱角分别为52.2°±10.9°、25.3°±11.1°、9.9°±6.4°,明显高于退变组的44.2°±15.4°、23.4°±12.6°、6.0°±3.9°（P＜0.05）;退变组患者SVA为30.6±40.6mm,明显高于峡部裂组的4.6±24.9mm（P＜0.01）。两组患者的骨盆形态学参数PI（峡部裂组53.9°±11.5°,退变组55.8°±10.8°）、PT（17.0°±8.3°,22.9°±7.2°）、SS（36.9°±8.7°,33.4°±9.9°）以及腰椎滑脱率[（21.8±9.8）%,（19.7±7.8）%]、滑脱距离（6.2±2.7mm,5.6±1.9mm）均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：成人腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者具有相似的骨盆形态,但峡部裂性滑脱症患者较退变性滑脱症患者表现为更大的胸椎后凸、腰椎前凸以及滑脱角。