Chromosomal fragile sites to lymphoma with observation of 40 patients

Chromosomal fragile sites studies were performed in 40 patients with lymphoma and 30 individuals as healthy controls. The results showed that there was a statistical difference of chromosomal aberration between the two groups; The patients carried 46 fragile sites totally; 21 out of 46 fragile sites in lymphoma corresponded with cancer breakpoints, and 9 fragile sites were located in the bands where concogenes exist. These suggest a certain association between fragile sites, cancer breakpoints and oncogenes and thus indicate a possible important role of fragile sites in the pathogenesis of lymphoma.     

Prevalence of cervical cancer and feasibility of screening in rural China: a pilot study for the Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study

Abstract. Belinson J, Qiao Y, Pretorius R, Zhang W, Keaton K, Elson P, Fischer C, Lorincz A, Zahniser D, Wilbur D, Pan Q, Li L, Biscotti C, Dawson A, Li A, Wu L, Ma CP, Yang XP. Prevalence of cervical cancer and feasibility of screening in rural China: a pilot study for the Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study.
For cervical cancer screening to be feasible in developing countries, it must be accurate, inexpensive, and easy to administer. We conducted a pilot study in rural Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China, to determine disease prevalence and study feasibility in preparation for a large-scale comparative trial of 6 screening tests.
One-hundred and thirty-six nonpregnant women with no history of hysterectomy, pelvic radiation, or Papanicolaou tests were screened in a rural clinic. Ten percent of the women enrolled reported abnormal vaginal bleeding and 45% reported abnormal vaginal discharge. The tests were the Papanicolaou test (both conventional and ThinPrep), a self-administered swab test by Hybrid Capture II for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), a test for high-risk HPV from residual PreservCyt medium, fluorescence spectroscopy, and visual inspection of the cervix by a clinician. All women also underwent colposcopy and biopsies as the reference standard.
Biopsies showed 12 of 136 women had ≥ high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). Screening was completed in 5 half-day sessions, the procedures went smoothly, and local cooperation was enthusiastic.
Disease prevalence in Xiangyuan and Yangcheng Counties, Shanxi Province, can be estimated at 8.8% (95% CI, 4.5% to 15.0%). Screening 1000–2000 patients would be sufficient to detect a 10% difference in accuracy between diagnostic tests. The proposed large-scale trial is feasible.     

Recombinant murine cytomegalovirus vector activates human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a NF-κB dependent pathway

To evaluate the potential use of recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as an antigen delivery vector, we examined the cytokine and CD80 and CD86 expression profiles of MCMV encoding either enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (MCMV-EGFP) or human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein gp120 gene (MCMV-gp120) infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) and investigated the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in Mo-DC activation. Results showed that MCMV triggered the induction of inflammatory cytokines and/or CD80 and CD86 up-regulation in Mo-DC. UV-inactivated MCMV exhibited a reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and a lowered expression of CD80 and CD86 compared with live MCMV infection. Treatment of cells with a NF-κB peptide inhibitor prior to MCMV infection reduced the induction of cytokines and CD80 and CD86 up-regulation. Overall, the results suggest that recombinant MCMV vectors activate human Mo-DC in a NF-κB dependent pathway. The abortive infection or de novo gene expression greatly enhances the activation of Mo-DC by MCMV vectors.     

基于多参数MR的影像组学融合模型术前预测宫颈鳞癌脉管浸润的应用价值

目的 探讨基于多参数MR的影像组学融合模型术前预测宫颈鳞癌脉管间隙浸润（LVSI）的应用价值。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2016年6月—2019年3月山西省肿瘤医院宫颈鳞癌患者168例。患者年龄22~76（52.0±10.1）岁,临床分期为国际妇产联盟（FIGO）ⅠB期127例、ⅡA期41例。所有患者术前行多参数盆腔MR扫描,均接受根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗。收集其临床病理资料和多参数MRI数据,以7∶3的比例按照随机抽样法分为训练集117例和验证集51例。在T₂加权像（T₂WI）、表观弥散系数[ADC,由2个b值的弥散加权成像数据自动生成]及增强T₁加权像（cT₁WI）3个序列的MRI上,对病灶进行手动分割勾画肿瘤轮廓感兴趣区（ROI）,得到三维感兴趣区（VOI）并提取特征,通过以最大相关最小冗余和最小绝对收缩与选择算子回归为主的三步降维法筛选特征并构建影像组学模型。多因素logistic回归分析筛选临床特征并联合影像组学模型建立融合模型,制作列线图。受试者操作特征曲线（ROC 曲线）、校正曲线、决策分析曲线评估列线图的效能及临床效益。结果 术后病理检查确诊LVSI阳性42例,阴性126例。训练集与验证集患者的年龄、FIGO分期、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤分化程度、LVSI状态等临床病理特征比较,差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。基于T₂WI、ADC及cT₁WI多参数MRI提取的影像组学特征,经特征筛选后得到7个关键特征,均与宫颈癌LVSI相关（P值均<0.05）,并构建影像组学模型。训练集T₂WI、ADC及cT₁WI 3个序列独立构建的影像组学模型预测宫颈癌LVSI的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.630[95%可信区间（CI）0.557~0.698]、0.686（95%CI 0.563~0.694）、0.761（95%CI 0.702~0.818）,3个序列共同构建的联合影像组学模型对应的AUC为0.887（95%CI 0.842~0.925）,诊断效能最优,并在验证集中得到验证。联合影像组学模型与肿瘤分化程度构建的融合模型列线图预测宫颈癌LVSI,在训练集与验证集中的AUC分别为0.893（95%CI 0.851~0.929）、0.854（95%CI 0.749~0.943）,校正曲线显示出列线图有良好的校正性能;决策曲线表明当风险阈值概率范围在0.50~0.96时,采用影像组学融合模型预测宫颈癌LVSI的净收益优于“将所有患者视为宫颈癌LVSI阳性或阴性”。结论 基于多参数MRI影像组学特征与临床特征的融合模型对宫颈癌LVSI状态有良好的预测价值。     

Cellular basis of diabetic nephropathy: V. Endoglin expression levels and diabetic nephropathy risk in patients with Type 1 diabetes

Endoglin is an accessory receptor molecule that, in association with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family receptors Types I and II, binds TGF-β1, TGF-β3, activin A, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7, regulating TGF-β dependent cellular responses. Relevant to diabetic nephropathy, endoglin, expressed in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and mesangial cells, negatively regulates extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this study was to evaluate endoglin expression in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Type 1 diabetes with and without diabetic nephropathy. Kidney and skin biopsies were performed in 125 Type 1 diabetic patients. The 20 with the fastest rate of mesangial expansion (estimated by electron microscopy) and proteinuria (“fast-track”) and the 20 with the slowest rate and normoalbuminuria (“slow-track”), along with 20 controls were studied. Endoglin mRNA expression was assessed by microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and protein expression by Western blot. Age and sex distribution were similar among groups. Diabetes duration was similar (20±8 vs. 24±7 years), hemoglobin A1c lower (8.4±1.2% vs. 9.4±1.5%), and glomerular filtration rate higher (115±13 vs. 72±20 ml/min per 1.73 m²) in slow-track vs. fast-track patients. Microarray endoglin mRNA expression levels were higher in slow-track (1516.0±349.9) than fast-track (1211.0±274.9; P=.008) patients or controls (1223.1±422.9; P=.018). This was confirmed by QRT-PCR. Endoglin protein expression levels correlated with microarray (r=0.59; P=.044) and QRT-PCR (r=0.61; P=.034) endoglin mRNA expression. These studies are compatible with the hypothesis that slow-track Type 1 diabetic patients, strongly protected from diabetic nephropathy, have distinct cellular behaviors that may be associated with reduced ECM production.     

姜黄素对肾癌786-O细胞增殖及凋亡的实验研究

目的观察姜黄素对肾癌786-O细胞缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP蛋白)表达水平以及细胞凋亡的影响,研究姜黄素对肾癌细胞的生长抑制作用并探讨其分子机制,进一步揭示姜黄素对肾癌的治疗作用。方法不同浓度姜黄素作用人肾癌786-O细胞24、48、72 h后,应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测姜黄素对人肾癌786-O细胞的增殖抑制率;流式细胞术检测姜黄素诱导细胞的凋亡率;免疫细胞化学检测姜黄素对786-O细胞HIF-1α和XIAP表达的影响。结果姜黄素对人肾癌786-O细胞有明显的抑制作用,可引起细胞凋亡,并且存在剂量和时间依赖;不同浓度姜黄素作用细胞48 h后,HIF-1α和XIAP蛋白表达量下降。结论姜黄素通过下调HIF-1α和XIAP的表达抑制人肾癌786-O细胞的增殖,诱导人肾癌786-O细胞的凋亡。     

Knowledge and attitudes about human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccines among women living in metropolitan and rural regions of China

Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and causes virtually all cervical cancer globally. The recent development of two safe and clinically effective vaccines against HPV is a promising step towards lowering cervical cancer rates in the future. What Chinese women think about HPV and the vaccines remains unknown. We undertook a population-based survey, which was embedded in a cervical cancer screening project and was designed to assess women's knowledge about HPV and their acceptability to the vaccines. We found that only 15.0% of women in our study reported to have ever heard of HPV, and this knowledge differs by rural (9.3%) and metropolitan areas (21.6%) and also by education. Most (84.6%) participants were willing to be vaccinated if HPV vaccine became available to them. The present study documents ways in which women learn about HPV and indicates the potential barriers and success of introducing HPV vaccine to China.