以连翘苷为内参物的一测多评法用于山西连翘药材品质评价研究

目的 建立山西连翘药材6种主要成分(松脂醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷、连翘酯苷A、连翘酯苷B、芦丁、连翘苷及连翘酯素)含量测定的一测多评法,用于山西连翘药材的品质评价。方法 Hypersil C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),水-甲醇进行梯度洗脱。以连翘苷为内参物,建立其余成分(松脂醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷、连翘酯苷A、连翘酯苷B、芦丁、连翘酯素)的相对校正因子,并计算其含量,实现一测多评法。比较一测多评法计算值与外标法实测值的差异,以验证一测多评法的准确性和可行性。结果 采用一测多评法计算值与外标法实测值的相对误差<5%,2种方法计算结果之间无显著差异。结论 本实验建立的相对校正因子重复性良好,建立的一测多评法用于山西连翘药材品质评价准确、可行。     

蒙古黄芪中2种具有免疫活性的可溶性粗蛋白提取工艺优选

目的优选蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus mongholicus中2种免疫活性蛋白Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2的最佳提取工艺。方法以蒙古黄芪中所含可溶性蛋白Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2二级结构的圆二色性对提取温度和提取溶剂种类进行考察;对该2种蛋白提取条件进行单因素考察,并采用L9(34)正交试验设计法,采用Image凝胶图形分析软件以Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2在SDS-PAGE凝胶图中的蛋白条带灰度值(峰面积)为指标,考察提取温度、料液比、提取时间、提取溶剂(p H值)、药材粒度、提取次数对Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2蛋白条带灰度值的影响,从而确定Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2的最佳提取工艺,辅以其免疫抑制率(CCK-8法)和可溶性蛋白定量测定(BCA法)作为佐证。结果建立了蒙古黄芪中Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2的最佳提取工艺:向药材粉末(过4号筛)5.0 g中加入16倍量Tris-HCl,在温度40℃条件下恒温提取60 min,以100 r/min搅拌。蒙古黄芪蛋白质提取率为65 mg/g,且质量浓度为90μg/m L粗蛋白的免疫抑制率为90.90%。结论优化的提取工艺能正确反映Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2收率的最高相对量,为Am PR10-16k Da和HQGP-2的进一步研究提供了稳定、合理、可行的提取工艺。     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of six major compounds in normal and insomnia rats after oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen aqueous extract

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in clinics for the treatment of insomnia in China and other Asian countries. Herein, we described for the first time a comparative pharmacokinetics study of the six major compounds of ZSS in normal control (NC) and para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia model (IM) rats that were orally administered the aqueous extract of ZSS. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of coclaurine, magnoflorine, spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, jujuboside A (JuA), and jujuboside B (JuB) in ZSS in rat plasma. The established approach was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. The systemic exposures of spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin were decreased in the IM group compared to the NC group, while plasma clearance (CL) was significantly increased. The T_max values of JuA and JuB in IM rats were significantly lower than those in NC rats. The T_1/2 of JuA in the IM group was significantly accelerated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of coclaurine and magnoflorine were not evidently affected between the two groups. These results indicate that the pathological state of insomnia altered the plasma pharmacokinetics of spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, JuA, and JuB in the ZSS aqueous extract, providing an experimental basis for the role of ZSS in insomnia treatment. The comparative pharmacokinetics-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS using full-scan mode can therefore provide a reliable and suitable means for the screening of potentially effective substances applied as quality markers of ZSS.     

高校图书馆阅读推广“1+5+x”模式构建

对高校图书馆阅读推广的长效运行模式进行了探索。采用文献分析与网站调研的方法,以典型案例为支撑,构建了高校图书馆阅读推广“1+5+x”运行模式。论述了读书会的培育与孵化是高校图书馆阅读推广的有效方法与路径,突破了高校图书馆阅读推广研究的瓶颈,可为领域理论研究和实践探索提供借鉴。     

组分配伍四逆汤抑制ERK/cPLA2信号通路改善大鼠膜性肾病

目的 研究组分配伍四逆汤对大鼠膜性肾病的治疗作用及机制。方法 将45只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和组分配伍四逆汤组,除对照组外,其余各组尾iv兔抗大鼠Fx1A抗血清制备大鼠膜性肾病模型。造模成功后,组分配伍四逆汤组大鼠ig 9.6 g/kg组分配伍四逆汤,模型组和对照组ig等量蒸馏水,连续给药12周。试剂盒法检测大鼠血清中肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）以及白蛋白（Alb）含量;取肾脏检测肾指数,苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察肾组织的病理情况;ELISA法检测肾组织中转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）以及IV型胶原（Col-IV）含量;采用Western blotting法检测肾脏中ERK1/2和胞浆型磷脂酶（cPLA2）蛋白磷酸化水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组血清中Scr、BUN水平以及肾指数明显升高（P<0.05、0.01）,血清Alb水平明显降低（P<0.01）,肾组织中TGF-β1、FN和Col-IV含量以及ERK1/2、cPLA2磷酸化蛋白表达均显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）;与模型组比较,组分配伍四逆汤显著降低血清中Scr、BUN水平以及肾指数（P<0.05、0.01）,升高血清中Alb水平（P<0.01）,降低肾组织中TGF-β1、FN、Col-IV含量,减少肾组织中ERK1/2和cPLA2磷酸化蛋白表达（P<0.05、0.01）;HE染色结果显示,组分配伍四逆汤可以改善膜性肾病大鼠肾脏的病理变化。结论 组分配伍四逆汤对膜性肾病大鼠发挥明显治疗作用,其作用机制可能与抑制ERK/cPLA2信号通路激活相关。     

Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A)

AimTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A).BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a major risk factor for becoming overweight or obese and developing chronic conditions that lead to an increase in mortality globally. Inadequate physical activity (PA) has been a problem among Arabic-speaking populations, including female adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, psychometrically sound measures to assess PA among female adolescents in Saudi Arabia are lacking, indicating that a reliable, valid and feasible self-report measure is urgently needed for use with this young Arabic-speaking population.MethodsA cross-sectional study approved by a university institutional review board was conducted with 383 Saudi female adolescents, 13–18 years of age, who were recruited from 10 all-female public schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Physical activity was measured via the PAQ-A, which assesses the level of PA engagement during the school year for 7 days. Internal consistency was estimated. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the measure's construct validity and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess convergent validity.ResultsCronbach's alpha was 0.81, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.11 to 0.61. Both EFA and CFA indicated a single-factor. The scale was significantly correlated with other cognitive and affective variables that reflected the physical activity perceptions among the female adolescents, such as enjoyment of PA, PA self-efficacy and social support for PA.ConclusionsThe Arabic version of the PAQ-A is reliable and valid measure for assessing PA among Arabic-speaking female adolescents.     

Effects of a back-care bundle for reducing back pain among patients undergoing transfemoral artery coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a back-care bundle on back pain in patients undergoing transfemoral coronary angiography (TFA).MethodologyThis randomized controlled trial was conducted between March and June 2020. Thirty-four patients undergoing TFA were randomly assigned to either the back-care bundle or comparison group. The back pain score was measured using a visual analogue scale at baseline and at 2, 3, 4, and 6 h after TFA. Haemorrhage and subcutaneous thrombosis were assessed using a soft measuring tape immediately after TFA, hourly until the 6th hour, or after participants changed their positions. Generalised linear estimating equation models were used to estimate the effects of the interventions on back pain scores.ResultsThe back pain scores in the intervention group decreased significantly over time (mean difference: −0.15; 95 % confidence interval [CI] -0.23 to −0.07; p-value <0.001), while the back pain scores in the comparison group increased significantly over time (mean difference: 1.30; 95 % CI 1.15 to 1.44; p-value <0.001). Overall, the mean difference of back pain scores between the two groups was −2.98 (95 % CI -3.32 to −2.64; p-value <0.001). Haemorrhage and subcutaneous thrombosis were not detected in either group of patients.Conclusion and recommendationsThe back-care bundle effectively alleviated back pain in individuals undergoing TFA, with varying levels of bleeding risk. However, the effects of the back-care bundle on vascular complications remain unclear. For patients who do not have prolonged bleeding time, the duration of bed rest and the placement of a sand cushion on the puncture site can be reduced. Future trials are needed to develop and examine the effect of interventions in reducing back pain in patients with extended bleeding time.     

性医学领域护理专业学位研究生培养指标体系的构建

目的 构建新医科背景下护理专业学位研究生在性医学领域的跨学科人才培养指标体系,为今后临床应用提供参考依据。方法 通过文献检索、查阅资料、理论分析、专家访谈法和临床实践经验初步形成指标体系草案,运用德尔菲法对20名来自9个省市行政区且具有性医学、护理学、性咨询等高等教育背景的专家进行函询。结果 2轮问卷有效回收率分别为83.33%、100%,专家权威系数分别为0.81、0.81,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.151、0.263。最终确立研究方案包括一级指标4项,二级指标12项,三级指标64项,四级指标28项,其重要性评分为4.250～5.000,变异系数为0～0.228。结论 本研究基于德尔菲法构建的指标体系符合科学性和可操作性原则,注重性医学领域护理硕士专业学位研究生有关理论和实践的培养,且专家积极性、权威性高、意见协调程度好,说明形成的指标体系对性医学领域护理硕士专业学位研究生培养的开展有指导作用。     

基于1H-NMR代谢组学分析山楂不同炮制品对食积症的影响

目的:采用~1H-NMR技术的血清代谢组学方法,并结合传统生化指标分析,研究炮制对山楂促消化作用的影响。方法:实验动物喂饲特制高蛋白、高热量饲料复制食积模型,以小鼠小肠推进率和大鼠胃肠道激素水平作为药效学指标,应用~1H-NMR测定大鼠血清,结合多元统计分析方法对比给予大鼠净山楂、炒山楂、焦山楂后血清代谢物的变化,比较各炮制品对食积模型大鼠的治疗作用。结果:山楂各炮制品组对于食积因素引起的小鼠肠推进障碍及胃肠激素分泌紊乱均有改善作用,且以焦山楂组改善效果最为显著。大鼠血清代谢组学结果显示,模型组与空白组存在明显的代谢差异,根据S-plot图的变量重要性投影(VIP)值、单因素ANOVA以及受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下的面积(AUC)筛选出3-羟基丁酸,甘油磷酰胆碱(GPC),N-乙酰糖蛋白,O-乙酰糖蛋白,氧化三甲胺,丙氨酸,乙酸,谷氨酸,谷氨酰胺,肌酸,亮氨酸,乳酸,葡萄糖共13个与食积相关的生物标志物。比较给药后山楂各炮制品组引起的代谢变化,发现焦山楂组对O-乙酰糖蛋白、谷氨酰胺和GPC的回调趋势更接近空白组,其余代谢产物组成与净山楂组和炒山楂组基本一致。结论:山楂炮制后消食导滞作用存在一定差异,焦山楂改善食积疗效最为显著,可能主要通过调节胃肠动力障碍及能量代谢等发挥作用。     

基于~1H-NMR代谢组学的山楂不同炮制品对高脂血症大鼠模型的影响研究

目的探讨山楂炒制前后调脂作用的差异,筛选山楂调脂最优炮制品。方法采用高脂饲料法制备SD大鼠高脂血症模型,应用1H-NMR测定大鼠血清代谢物,结合多元统计分析方法分析给予大鼠净山楂、炒山楂、焦山楂后血清代谢物的变化,比较各炮制品对高脂血症大鼠模型的干预作用。结果山楂不同炮制品均能显著降低高脂血症模型大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,其中净山楂降低血脂作用最佳。与对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清中乳酸、丙酮酸、赖氨酸、肌酸、甘油脂、鸟氨酸、氧化三甲胺(TMAO)、α-酮异戊酸、O-乙酰糖蛋白、N-乙酰糖蛋白、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸含量升高,而胆碱、丙酮、苏氨酸、鲨肌醇、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、甘油磷脂酰胆碱(GPC)、葡萄糖含量降低。给药后山楂各炮制组大鼠血清中内源性物质的代谢状态差异明显,与炒山楂、焦山楂组相比,净山楂组调节高脂血症模型大鼠血清中差异代谢物的数量和程度更接近对照组。结论山楂炮制后调脂作用存在差异,且以净山楂效果最优,可能是通过调节氧化应激、能量代谢、氨基酸代谢及肠道菌群等发挥作用。