基于1H-NMR代谢组学分析山楂不同炮制品对食积症的影响

目的:采用~1H-NMR技术的血清代谢组学方法,并结合传统生化指标分析,研究炮制对山楂促消化作用的影响。方法:实验动物喂饲特制高蛋白、高热量饲料复制食积模型,以小鼠小肠推进率和大鼠胃肠道激素水平作为药效学指标,应用~1H-NMR测定大鼠血清,结合多元统计分析方法对比给予大鼠净山楂、炒山楂、焦山楂后血清代谢物的变化,比较各炮制品对食积模型大鼠的治疗作用。结果:山楂各炮制品组对于食积因素引起的小鼠肠推进障碍及胃肠激素分泌紊乱均有改善作用,且以焦山楂组改善效果最为显著。大鼠血清代谢组学结果显示,模型组与空白组存在明显的代谢差异,根据S-plot图的变量重要性投影(VIP)值、单因素ANOVA以及受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下的面积(AUC)筛选出3-羟基丁酸,甘油磷酰胆碱(GPC),N-乙酰糖蛋白,O-乙酰糖蛋白,氧化三甲胺,丙氨酸,乙酸,谷氨酸,谷氨酰胺,肌酸,亮氨酸,乳酸,葡萄糖共13个与食积相关的生物标志物。比较给药后山楂各炮制品组引起的代谢变化,发现焦山楂组对O-乙酰糖蛋白、谷氨酰胺和GPC的回调趋势更接近空白组,其余代谢产物组成与净山楂组和炒山楂组基本一致。结论:山楂炮制后消食导滞作用存在一定差异,焦山楂改善食积疗效最为显著,可能主要通过调节胃肠动力障碍及能量代谢等发挥作用。     

基于~1H-NMR代谢组学的山楂不同炮制品对高脂血症大鼠模型的影响研究

目的探讨山楂炒制前后调脂作用的差异,筛选山楂调脂最优炮制品。方法采用高脂饲料法制备SD大鼠高脂血症模型,应用1H-NMR测定大鼠血清代谢物,结合多元统计分析方法分析给予大鼠净山楂、炒山楂、焦山楂后血清代谢物的变化,比较各炮制品对高脂血症大鼠模型的干预作用。结果山楂不同炮制品均能显著降低高脂血症模型大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,其中净山楂降低血脂作用最佳。与对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清中乳酸、丙酮酸、赖氨酸、肌酸、甘油脂、鸟氨酸、氧化三甲胺(TMAO)、α-酮异戊酸、O-乙酰糖蛋白、N-乙酰糖蛋白、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸含量升高,而胆碱、丙酮、苏氨酸、鲨肌醇、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、甘油磷脂酰胆碱(GPC)、葡萄糖含量降低。给药后山楂各炮制组大鼠血清中内源性物质的代谢状态差异明显,与炒山楂、焦山楂组相比,净山楂组调节高脂血症模型大鼠血清中差异代谢物的数量和程度更接近对照组。结论山楂炮制后调脂作用存在差异,且以净山楂效果最优,可能是通过调节氧化应激、能量代谢、氨基酸代谢及肠道菌群等发挥作用。     

养老机构老年人社会支持与述情障碍的相关性研究

目的 探讨养老机构老年人社会支持与述情障碍的相关性。方法 采用一般资料问卷、多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS-20)）、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对两所养老机构的190位老年人进行问卷调查。结果 老年人述情障碍总分为（56.22±9.44）分;社会支持总分为（33.31±4.12）分;社会支持总分及各维度与述情障碍总分及各维度均呈负相关（P<0.001）;社会支持、年龄、被探望频率、学历是述情障碍的影响因素,社会支持的影响最大。结论 养老机构医护人员应提高对述情障碍的重视,采取有效措施提高老年人社会支持,从而减少述情障碍的发生。     

Triptolide, A Potential Autophagy Modulator

As a major active component extracted from traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, triptolide exhibits multiple pharmacological effects. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular catabolic process involved in cytoplasmic materials degradation. Autophagic dysfunction contributes to the pathologies of many human diseases, which makes it a promising therapeutic target. Recent studies have shown that triptolide exerts neuroprotection, anti-tumor activities, organ toxicity, and podocyte protection by modulating autophagy. This article highlights the current information on triptolide-modulated autophagy, analyzes the possible pathways involved, and describes the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis modulated by triptolide, in hope of providing implications for the roles of autophagy in pharmacological effects of triptolide and expanding its novel usage as an autophagy modulator.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of six major compounds in normal and insomnia rats after oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen aqueous extract

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in clinics for the treatment of insomnia in China and other Asian countries. Herein, we described for the first time a comparative pharmacokinetics study of the six major compounds of ZSS in normal control (NC) and para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia model (IM) rats that were orally administered the aqueous extract of ZSS. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of coclaurine, magnoflorine, spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, jujuboside A (JuA), and jujuboside B (JuB) in ZSS in rat plasma. The established approach was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. The systemic exposures of spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin were decreased in the IM group compared to the NC group, while plasma clearance (CL) was significantly increased. The T_max values of JuA and JuB in IM rats were significantly lower than those in NC rats. The T_1/2 of JuA in the IM group was significantly accelerated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of coclaurine and magnoflorine were not evidently affected between the two groups. These results indicate that the pathological state of insomnia altered the plasma pharmacokinetics of spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, JuA, and JuB in the ZSS aqueous extract, providing an experimental basis for the role of ZSS in insomnia treatment. The comparative pharmacokinetics-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS using full-scan mode can therefore provide a reliable and suitable means for the screening of potentially effective substances applied as quality markers of ZSS.     

FBLN1 promotes chondrocyte proliferation by increasing phosphorylation of Smad2

BackgroundThe role of fibulin-1 or FBLN1 in chondrocyte proliferation has not been reported so far. In this study, we aimed to verify whether FBLN1 promotes chondrocyte proliferation in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis by phosphorylating Smad2.MethodsChondrocytes were isolated from cartilage samples collected from elderly patients with osteoarthritis (n = 6) and young patients (n = 6). The isolated chondrocytes were divided into the following three groups: control (medium only); cells transfected with adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP); and those transfected with adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein and FBLN1 (Ad-GFP-FBLN1). Furthermore, chondrocytes were divided into the following three groups in the mechanistic analysis: group 1, medium only; group 2, Ad-FBLN1; and group 3, Ad-FBLN1+pSmad2 inhibitor. The cells were analyzed for the relevant indicators after culturing for 48 h.ResultsThere were more EdU-positive cells in the Ad-GFP-FBLN1 group than in the other two groups (both P < 0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the level of pSmad2 and Col2 in the Ad-GFP-FBLN1 group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The gene expression level of each indicator was consistent with the protein expression level. There was no significant difference in the indicators between groups 1 and 3. The percentage of EdU-positive cells in group 2 was higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The expression of pSmad2 and Col2 in group 2 was higher than that in the other two groups (both P < 0.05).ConclusionFBLN1 can promote chondrocyte proliferation in the knee cartilage in elderly patients by phosphorylating Smad2.     

经典名方驻景丸的历史沿革与方证信息分析

驻景丸是2023年《古代经典名方目录（第二批）》汉族医药的第40首,出自北宋《太平圣惠方》,由菟丝子、车前子、熟地黄3味药组成,功用补益肝肾、清热明目,主治肝肾亏虚之眼病,为中医眼科临床常用名方。采用文献统计学方法,搜集分析驻景丸的古今文献,共筛选有效古籍数据63条,涉及47部中医古籍。从驻景丸的方源方名、组成剂量、药物基原与炮制、制法用法、主治功效等方面进行系统梳理,总结其方证关键信息。研究发现,驻景丸中菟丝子、车前子、熟地黄的配比为5∶3∶3是采用《太平惠民和剂局方》所载剂量;《黎居士简易方论》首载加减驻景丸,该方的主治范围与原方相仿,但药效更全面有力,历代应用更加频繁;现代医家继续对驻景丸进行化裁,提出驻景丸加减方、通络驻景丸等衍生方,广泛应用于眼科临床,取得良好效果。驻景诸方以滋补肝肾为本,或兼宁心安神,或兼清热利湿,或兼化瘀通络,然其对应的病机根本在于肝肾虚损,导致目力不足、障翳昏花。驻景诸方在老年性眼病、其他老年退行性改变及青少年近视防治方面均有良好的应用前景,后续可开展相关药理研究和制剂研发。     

木豆叶提取物对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的保护作用

目的研究木豆叶提取物对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法采用结扎冠状动脉前降支方法制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血前10 min大鼠ig给予不同剂量木豆叶提取物(125、200、500 mg/kg),复方丹参滴丸为阳性对照,再灌注30 min后以II导联心电图监测各组大鼠心律失常出现和持续时间,进行心律失常评分;再灌注90 min后测定心肌梗死范围,HE染色观察心肌形态学变化。结果模型组大鼠心律失常出现较早,持续时间较长,室性早搏、室速、室颤等发生率较高,且心律失常在缺血再灌注损伤末期仍非常明显。与模型组相比,木豆叶提取物能够降低大鼠缺血性心律失常的严重程度和发生率,明显缩小心肌梗死范围,减轻心肌细胞肿胀和炎性细胞浸润。结论木豆叶提取物对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠有一定的保护作用。     

参加军事任务军人社会认知偏离与社会支持的关系研究

目的：探讨参加军事任务军人社会认知偏离与社会支持的关系。方法对2006-2010年参加军事任务的394名军人进行社会认知偏离量表（ SCBS）和社会支持量表的测定,并进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果 SCBS各因子分与社会支持总分、主观支持和支持利用度因子分间存在负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。回归分析结果显示,在以 SCBS各因子为因变量的回归方程中,主观支持和支持利用度因子进入方程,且主观支持较支持利用度对因变量贡献更大。结论社会支持与社会认知偏离存在显著负相关,主观支持和支持利用度可以有效地预测社会认知偏离,其中主观支持对于社会认知偏离的预测意义更大。