骨质疏松性骨折手术治疗策略

骨质疏松性骨折是老年人中最常见的骨骼系统疾病之一，具有发病率高、致残率高、致死率高和医疗支出大等特点。由于患者的骨质量差，粉碎性骨折多见，内固定治疗稳定性差，卧床时间较长，再骨折发生率高，因而，骨质疏松性骨折的手术治疗亦面临着诸多挑战。本文对近年来骨质疏松性骨折手术治疗的原则和技术进行回顾和总结。     

Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides ameliorates hyperglycemia-exacerbated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via protecting blood-brain barrier

BackgroundHyperglycemia exacerbates brain damage in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Previous study found that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) has a neuroprotective effect on hyperglycemia-aggravated ischemic brain injury, which raising the possibility for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of LBP-induced protection by ameliorating hyperglycemia-aggravated ischemia/reperfusion injury needs to be tested. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LBP on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity with a hyperglycemia-aggravated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model.MethodsSprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: normoglycemic (NG), hyperglycemic (HG), and LBP-pretreated hyperglycemic (HG + LBP). Animals underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 30 min, followed by 1-, 3-, and 7-day of reperfusion.ResultsOur results showed that the neurological deficit, infarct volume, cell apoptosis, and IgG leakage in the HG group significantly increased separately, compared with that of the NG group, (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment with LBP reversed these injury indicators (p < 0.05). And much more severe degree of swelling endothelium, swollen astrocyte, and decreased tight junctions in the micro-vessel were detected in the HG group comparing to that of the NG group. In addition, increased degree of basement membrane degradation, dissociation between the astrocyte endfeet and basement membrane, and tight junction's protein degradation was found in the HG group compared with the NG group (p < 0.05). However, when exposure to LBP therapy could reverse the above alterations (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that LBP could ameliorate hyperglycemia-exacerbated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via protecting the blood-brain barrier.     

Inhibition of microRNA-19a-3p alleviates the neuropathic pain (NP) in rats after chronic constriction injury (CCI) via targeting KLF7

Background/purposeNeuropathic pain(NP) is derived from the dysfunctions of nerve system. The current research is to explore the impact and mechanism of miR-19a-3p in neuropathic pain in rats.MethodsThe NP was induced through the chronic constriction injury (CCI) surgery in rats. The pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in spinal cord tissues from rats were measured using Elisa kits. Moreover, the different levels of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in rats were examined through paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT). To investigate into the role of miR-19a-3p and KLF7 in NP of rats, the knockdown of miR-19a-3p alone or along with KLF7 downregulation in rats were achieved through lentivirus injection. The miR-19a-3p and KLF7 expression in spinal cord of rats on Day 3,7,14 after CCI were detected using RT-qPCR. The protein expression of KLF7 were measured by Western blot. Bioinformatics and luciferase assays were used for the prediction and verification of bindings between KLF7 and miR-19a-3p.ResultsCCI surgery caused neuropathic pain in rats with the levels of inflammatory cytokines increased and PWL and PWT decreased. Moreover, miR-19a-3p expression was increased while the protein and mRNA levels were decreased in spinal cord tissues in rats after CCI surgery. In rat microglial cells, miR-19a-3p downregulation could promote the KLF7 in both mRNA and protein expression. In spinal cord tissues of rats, the inhibition of miR-19a-3p enhanced the KLF7 expression. Furthermore, miR-19a-3p downregulation suppressed the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations, and could decrease the NP but inhibition of KLF7 could partially reverse this in CCI rats.ConclusionmiR-19a-3p inhibition may alleviate NP via KLF7 in CCI rats.     

宫颈癌IMRT中膀胱充盈一致性研究

目的 探讨膀胱容量仪在宫颈癌调强放疗过程中保持膀胱充盈一致性的作用。方法回顾性分析20例宫颈癌患者放疗期间膀胱体积变化确定膀胱容量仪的引入时机;选取10例正接受宫颈癌放疗患者,分析膀胱容量仪干预后测量的膀胱体积与CBCT图像勾画的膀胱体积的一致性,比较采用膀胱容量仪干预前后膀胱体积相对定位体积的变化。结果 20例患者100次CBCT图像相关样本的非参数检验显示不同分次膀胱体积相对定位时膀胱体积均不同(P<0.05)。10例患者Bland-Altman图显示膀胱容量仪测量的膀胱体积与CBCT图像勾画的体积有较好一致性,两种方法的平均差别为-6.66 cm³(95%CI为-53.15~39.83 cm³)。配对t检验显示干预前膀胱体积与定位时的体积不同(P=0.000),干预后膀胱体积与定位时的体积相近(P=0.745)。结论 患者分次治疗间膀胱体积变化较大,膀胱容量仪应在患者每次治疗前使用。使用膀胱容量仪测量膀胱体积以保证与计划设计时的一致性有重要意义。     

集成式血液净化治疗在高脂血症性急性胰腺炎患者中的临床应用

目的评价集成式血液净化治疗在高脂血症性急性胰腺炎（AHLP）患者的临床疗效。 方法采用前瞻性观察研究方法,选取2015年6月至2017年11月在山西医学科学院山西大医院重症医学科内行血液净化治疗的AHLP患者42例,按治疗过程中采用的血液净化方式,分为连续性血液滤过治疗（CVVH）组和血浆置换（PE）联用CVVH组,比较2组患者治疗前后白细胞计数（WBC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血清淀粉酶（AMY）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、血清肌酐（SCr）、三酰甘油（TG）、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分（APACHE）Ⅱ评分的变化以及临床结局。采用t检验比较2组患者WBC、CRP、AMY、APACHEⅡ评分,采用χ²检验比较2组患者临床治疗有效率。 结果2组患者治疗前的WBC、CRP、AMY、ALT、SCr、TG比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗7 d后,PE＋CVVH组WBC、CRP、AMY、ALT、SCr及TG均低于CVVH组［（9.6±3.5）×10⁹/L vs（12.6±3.7）×10⁹/L,（24.6±5.8）mg/L vs（34.7±2.2）mg/L,（242.1±28.9）IU/L vs（819.6±89.8）IU/L,（56.6±5.4）IU/L vs（78.9±18.）IU/L,（86.2±8.5）μmol/L vs（95.1±5.7）μmol/L,（4.1±1.6）mmol/L vs（8.9±2.1）mmol/L］,且差异具有统计学意义（t=-2.700,P=0.01;t=-7.317,P<0.001;t=-28.609,P<0.001;t=-5.521,P<0.001;t=3.943,P<0.001;t=-8.378,P<0.001）;同时,PE＋CVVH组患者的肠蠕动恢复时间、住院时间、腹痛及腹胀症状消失时间均短于CVVH组［（4.6±1.4）d vs（6.8±2.7）d,（13.6±3.2）d vs（16.8±2.6）d,（2.7±0.4）d vs（3.6±1.4）d］,且差异具有统计学意义（t=-3.36,P=0.002;t=-3.535,P=0.001;t=-2.891,P=0.006）。PE＋CVVH组患者临床有效率高于CVVH组（100.0% vs 85.0%）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.059）。 结论集成式血液净化技术能够有效降低患者的TG水平及炎症介质水平,对AHLP有较好的治疗效果。     

经皮椎间孔镜椎板间入路与椎间孔入路治疗腰椎管狭窄症

腰椎管狭窄症是老年人常见病、多发病。手术方式包括开放手术和微创手术。椎间孔镜以其创口小、疼痛轻及恢复快的特点已成为目前治疗腰椎管狭窄症的微创手术首选器械。其手术入路主要分为经皮椎板间入路和经皮椎间孔入路,然而这两种手术入路各有优缺点及适应证。在实际的临床工作中选择椎间孔镜治疗腰椎管狭窄症时,对不同病理类型的腰椎管狭窄症选用合适的手术入路进行治疗,是达到良好手术效果的前提。     

双膦酸盐治疗股骨非典型性骨折的研究进展

骨质疏松症为一种有较高发病率和死亡率的病症,会导致患者骨折风险增加。双膦酸盐已在许多大型临床试验中被证明可降低骨质疏松性骨折的风险,特别是阿仑膦酸钠已广泛成功地用于骨质疏松症的治疗。双膦酸盐可抑制骨吸收（抑制破骨细胞活性）,同时也可引起骨小梁微损伤的积累或胶原纤维的老化。长期使用双膦酸盐会导致股骨非典型性骨折（AFF）风险增高。本文综述了与双膦酸盐相关AFF的发病机制和管理相关的6个主题,包括双膦酸盐作用机理、双膦酸盐相关AFF的发病机制、AFF的危险因素、双膦酸盐相关AFF的预防、双膦酸盐相关AFF的手术治疗、双膦酸盐相关AFF的医疗管理。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1通过调节Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达促进氧糖剥夺/复氧星形胶质细胞的凋亡

目的：研究高迁移率族蛋白B1（high mobility group box 1,HMGB1）在氧糖剥夺/复氧后对星形胶质细胞凋亡的影响,同时通过检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl 2和Bax表达变化探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：将体外培养新生大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞分为正常组、模型组、干扰组、对照组,用携带大鼠HMGB1的短发夹RNA（short hairpin RNA,shRNA）慢病毒载体干扰星形胶质细胞抑制HMGB1表达后进行氧糖剥夺/复氧处理,氧糖剥夺6 h、复氧24 h后检测。通过Western blotting法检测RNA干扰效果,通过MTT细胞存活实验检测细胞损伤,通过TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,最后通过Western blotting法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达。结果：与正常组比较,模型组经过氧糖剥夺/复氧处理后星形胶质细胞内HMGB1表达明显升高（P<0.001）, MTT实验检测细胞存活率下降（P<0.001）,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞数增多（P<0.001）, 凋亡相关蛋白Bcl 2/Bax蛋白比值下降（P<0.001）;与模型组比较,RNA干扰有效抑制HMGB1蛋白表达（P<0.001）, MTT实验检测细胞存活率升高（P<0.001）,TUNEL法标记凋亡细胞数减少（P<0.001）, 凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比值升高（P<0.001）。结论：氧糖剥夺/复氧后HMGB1的释放可以导致星形胶质细胞损伤及细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与调控凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2及Bax表达有关。     

甘草黄酮对MPTP帕金森病模型小鼠的神经保护效应及对小胶质细胞活化的影响

目的: 观察甘草黄酮对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)帕金森病(PD)小鼠多巴胺(DA)能神经元数量和黑质小胶质细胞活化的影响。方法: 制作MPTP小鼠PD模型,随机分为6组:空白组、模型组、左旋多巴组(1次/d ig给予40 mg·kg^-1左旋多巴,1次/d,连续7次)和10,20,30 mg·kg^-1甘草黄酮处理组(ig给予不同浓度的甘草黄酮,1次/d 连续7次)。采用行为学观察、免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印迹法,观察PD模型小鼠的行为学表现、 DA能神经元数量、黑质致密部OX-6阳性细胞(活化的小胶质细胞)数量和腹侧中脑酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)蛋白表达水平。结果: 模型组小鼠出现PD典型行为学表现,黑质致密部DA能神经元和腹侧中脑TH含量较对照组分别下降约62%和76%;同时黑质致密部OX-6阳性细胞数量大幅升高(P<0.01)。经过甘草黄酮处理后,小鼠行为表现、黑质致密部DA能神经元丢失和OX-6阳性细胞数量增加均较模型组改善,尤以30 mg·kg^-1甘草黄酮组最为明显。与对照组相比,30 mg·kg^-1甘草黄酮组小鼠黑质致密部DA能神经元和腹侧中脑TH含量仅下降约36%和42%;而与模型组相比,黑质致密部OX-6阳性细胞数量下降明显(P<0.01)。与左旋多巴组相比,30 mg·kg^-1甘草黄酮组TH阳性神经元数量也明显增多(P<0.01),同时OX-6阳性细胞数量也显著减少(P<0.01)。结论: 甘草黄酮对MPTP帕金森病小鼠DA能神经元具有神经保护效应;可能与其抑制黑质内小胶质细胞活化有关。