蒲黄总黄酮对3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨蒲黄总黄酮对脂肪细胞糖脂代谢的影响。方法药物处理胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞24h,通过检测培养液中的葡萄糖含量反映葡萄糖消耗量;XTT法观察药物对细胞活性的影响;3H-葡萄糖摄入法观察细胞对葡萄糖的转运率;通过检测上清液中的浓度观察细胞游离脂肪酸(freefattyacid,FFA)的溢出。结果蒲黄总黄酮在浓度为0.025~0.4g/L时有增加葡萄糖消耗的作用,且呈剂量效应。当浓度为0.4g/L时,XTT值明显下降,显示对细胞的毒性作用。在0.2g/L时,蒲黄总黄酮与罗格列酮相似,可明显提高细胞对3H-脱氧葡萄糖的转运率。蒲黄总黄酮组培养上清液中FFA浓度明显低于空白对照组,而罗格列酮组则无明显差异。结论蒲黄总黄酮能显著增加3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取和消耗,同时可减少FFA溢出,通过调节糖代谢和脂代谢改善胰岛素抵抗。     

重视同病类证和同病类治的研究

病证关系除“同病异证”和“异病同证”外，还表现为“同病类证”。同病类证是指同一疾病患者具有相同的中医主证，个体之间只是兼夹证的差异，因此治疗上可运用中医类治法，即在应用主方治疗的基础上根据兼夹证适当加减。同病类证强调病和证的同质性，使辨病治疗和辨证治疗有更高的融合度。加强对同病类证和同病类治的研究是中西医结合的一项重要内容，有利于用现代科学方法阐明中医证的内涵，也有利于发扬中医辨证施治的优势和个体化治疗的特色。同病类证和同病类治对临床医师掌握方证相应的辨证能力提出了更高的要求。     

Associations between cytokines,endocrine stress response,and gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder

Many children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but the etiology is currently unknown. Some individuals with ASD show altered reactivity to stress and altered immune markers relative to typically-developing individuals, particularly stress-responsive cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Acute and chronic stress is associated with the onset and exacerbation of GI symptoms in those without ASD. The present study examined whether GI symptoms in ASD were associated with increases in cortisol, a stress-associated endocrine marker, and TNF-α and IL-6 in response to stress. As hypothesized, a greater amount of lower GI tract symptoms were significantly associated with post-stress cortisol concentration. The relationship between cortisol response to stress and GI functioning was greater for children who had a history of regressive autism. Exploratory analyses revealed significant correlations between cortisol response, intelligence, and inappropriate speech. In contrast, symptoms of the lower GI tract were not associated with levels of TNF-α or IL-6. Significant correlations were found, however, between TNF-α and IL-6 and irritability, socialization, and intelligence. These findings suggest that individuals with ASD and symptoms of the lower GI tract may have an increased response to stress, but this effect is not associated with concomitant changes in TNF-α and IL-6. The relationship between cortisol stress response and lower GI tract symptoms in children with regressive autism, as well as the relationships between cortisol, IL-6, and intelligence in ASD, warrant further investigation.     

Primary murine microglia are resistant to nitric oxide inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an intracellular heme-containing enzyme that is activated by proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFNγ), and metabolizes tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Activation of murine macrophages induces not only IDO but also nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the ensuing production of nitric oxide (NO) inhibits IDO. To determine the sensitivity of primary cultures of murine microglia to NO, microglia were stimulated with recombinant murine IFNγ (1 ng/ml) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml). This combination of IFNγ + LPS synergized to produce maximal amounts of nitrite as early as 16 h. Steady-state mRNAs for both iNOS and IDO were significantly increased by IFNγ + LPS at 4 h post-treatment, followed by an increase in IDO enzymatic activity at 24 h. Murine microglia (>95% CD11b⁺) were pretreated with the iNOS inhibitor, L-NIL hydrochloride, at a dose (30 μM) that completely abrogated production of nitrite. L-NIL had no effect on IDO mRNA at 4 h or IDO enzymatic activity at 24 h following stimulation with IFNγ + LPS. These data establish that IDO regulation in murine microglia is not restrained by NO, thereby permitting the accumulation of kynurenine and its downstream metabolites in the central nervous system.     

黄萸方对大鼠糖尿病早期肾脏保护作用的研究

目的:观察中药复方黄萸方对实验性糖尿病大鼠微量白蛋白尿的疗效。方法:采用高糖高脂喂饲加低剂量STZ建立伴胰岛素抵抗的大鼠2型糖尿病模型,给予黄萸方治疗12周,动态观察血糖及尿微量白蛋白等指标。结果:黄萸方可降低血糖、减少尿微量白蛋白、减轻肾脏肥大、改善尿多症状、降低血清甘油三酯水平,疗效优于血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)氯沙坦。结论:黄萸方可改善实验性大鼠2型糖尿病肾脏病变,主要是减少微量白蛋白尿的作用。     

凉血通瘀方对脑出血大鼠脑水肿及基质金属蛋白酶9和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1表达的影响

目的：探讨中药凉血通瘀方对脑出血大鼠脑水肿的作用及其机制。方法：采用自体血纹状体注射方法制备大鼠脑出血模型。实验大鼠分为假手术组、模型组和凉血通瘀方组。凉血通瘀方组给予凉血通瘀煎剂灌胃,余两组给予生理盐水灌胃,每日1次。脑出血后24、48、72和120 h观察大鼠脑水肿情况,明胶酶谱法检测脑血肿周围组织内基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）活性,荧光定量实时聚合酶链式反应法检测MMP-9和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1（tissueinhibitor ofmetalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1）的表达水平。结果：凉血通瘀方组大鼠脑水肿程度在各时间点均显著低于模型组（P〈0.01）,仅在72 h其脑组织含水量高于假手术组（P〈0.01）。与模型组相比,凉血通瘀方组的MMP-9酶原水平及活性均显著降低,其mRNA水平亦在脑出血后48、72、120 h低于模型组（P〈0.01）,而TIMP-1 mRNA水平在各时间点均显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论：凉血通瘀方可能通过上调TIMP-1表达来抑制MMP-9水平,从而减轻脑出血大鼠脑水肿。     

siRNA技术在哮喘治疗中的应用

RNA干扰是由双链RNA引发的序列特异的基因沉默现象,其中长度为21～23nt的小RNA分子（small inter-fering RNA,siRNA）是引起RNA干扰现象的直接原因。利用siRNA使基因沉寂从而调节目的蛋白的表达,在疾病的基因治疗中有巨大的应用价值。哮喘是一种常见的多发病,在治疗上仍面临极大的挑战。利用siRNA技术治疗哮喘是当今最新的一种治疗手段,虽然应用才刚刚起步,但其革命性的治疗理念,无疑给哮喘患者带来了新的希望。