肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的外科治疗

目的: 探讨外科手术治疗原发性肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的疗效.方法: 自1944年1月至1997年10月间对21例原发性肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的患者进行了外科手术治疗.其中行总胆管切开取癌栓者19例,行肝动脉插管化疗者4例,行肝动脉结扎者10例,行肝叶切除者2例.结果: 患者平均生存时间为8.5个月,最长存活时间为18个月.结论: 外科治疗明显改善了患者生活质量,提高了生存时间.     

Effects of Platycodin D on S100A8/A9-induced inflammatory response in murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells

Activation of the inflammatory signaling pathway is the most vital part of the pre-metastatic events of breast cancer. Platycodin D (PlaD) shows favorable pharmacological activities in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect. The main purpose of this study was to survey the effects of PlaD on S100A8/A9-induced inflammation in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells. S100A8/A9 immunolocalization and expression in pre-metastatic lung tissue were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. 4T1 cells were treated with 2.5 μg/mL recombinant S100A8/A9 heterodimer and 7.5, 10, or 12.5 μM of PlaD. After 24 h of incubation, cell viability, migration, and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8, wound-healing, and transwell assay, respectively. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was determined by immunostaining and western blot. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. The results showed that S100A8/A9 was actively increased and released into the extracellular space during the pre-metastatic phase of breast cancer. PlaD treatment attenuated S100A8/A9-induced growth, migration, and invasion of 4T1 cells. Furthermore, PlaD decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PlaD inhibited S100A8/A9-induced inflammatory response in 4T1 cells by suppressing the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways.     

Effect of patchouli alcohol on Helicobacter pylori-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation

Neutrophil infiltration typically occurs in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced acute gastritis; however, this immune response fails to eradicate H. pylori in vivo. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by neutrophils, cause severe damage to gastric mucosa. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has been reported to have effective anti-oxidative and anti-H. pylori activities, and we investigated its effects on H. pylori-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in this research. In neutrophil recruitment experiment, H. pylori was injected into rat air pouch to explore the effects of PA (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) on acute inflammatory response. The results revealed that PA significantly reduced the weight of exudate and the number of neutrophils in the air pouch. Meanwhile, remarkable decrements in TNF-α and IL-8 levels in exudates were observed. In neutrophil activation experiment, rat neutrophils were isolated and activated by using 50 μg/mL H. pylori water-soluble surface protein with or without the treatment of PA (5, 10 or 20 μmol/L). Results indicated that PA not only significantly inhibited the production of ROS, but also reduced the gene and protein expressions of p22/p47-phoxes, and the binding of p22/p47-phoxes. Furthermore, the influence of PA on the neutrophil activation genes of H. pylori (h-nap and sabA) was investigated, and the results showed that expressions of h-nap and sabA were remarkably decreased after PA treatment. In conclusion, PA reduced the recruitment and activation of neutrophils induced by H. pylori, as shown by its inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor generation, p22/p47-phoxes function and H. pylori neutrophil activation-related gene expression.     

Aprepitant triple therapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following high-dose cisplatin in Chinese patients: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase III trial

Purpose

Aprepitant, an oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated improved control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in previous studies. This is the first phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) in Asian countries.

Methods

This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the prevention of CINV during the acute phase (AP), delayed phase (DP), and overall phase (OP). Patients receiving HEC were randomized to either an aprepitant group (day 1, aprepitant 125 mg; days 2–3, aprepitant 80 mg) or a standard therapy group (days 1–3, placebo). Both groups received intravenous granisetron and oral dexamethasone. The primary end point was complete response (CR; no emesis and no use of rescue therapy) during the OP.

Results

Of the 421 randomized patients, 411 (98 %) were assessable for efficacy; 69.6 % (142/204) and 57.0 % (118/207) of patients reported CR during the OP in the aprepitant and standard therapy groups, respectively (P?=?0.007). CR rates in the aprepitant group were higher during the DP (74.0 % vs. 59.4 %, P?=?0.001) but were similar during the AP (79.4 % vs. 79.3 %, P?=?0.942). Toxicity and adverse events were comparable in both groups.

Conclusions

The addition of aprepitant to standard antiemetic treatment regimens for Chinese patients undergoing HEC provided superior CINV prevention and was well tolerated.     

大鼠迷走神经和膈神经的解剖相关性实验研究

目的 为大鼠迷走神经移位膈神经重建高位颈髓损伤大鼠的膈肌功能提供显微解剖学依据。 方法　10只健康雌性SD大鼠在10倍手术显微镜下解剖双侧膈神经、迷走神经及其分支。用数显卡尺测量迷走神经与膈神经在“膈神经主干起始平面”、“锁骨上平面”、“入膈肌平面”的相对距离,用读数显微镜测量各平面迷走神经和膈神经的直径。 结果　在颈部,迷走神经直径为（0.3284±0.0247）mm,膈神经直径为（0.2267±0.0164）mm,二者的相对距离很接近,无论是在“膈神经主干起始平面”还是“锁骨上平面”,平均都不超过2.5 mm;在“入膈肌平面”平面,迷走神经直径为（0.2912±0.0326）mm,膈神经直径为（0.2794±0.0282）mm,二者的相对距离较颈部远,左侧为（8.71±0.804）mm,右侧为（6.203±0.952） mm。 结论　(1)在颈部,迷走神经与膈神经的直径相差不大,相对距离很接近,二者可直接无张力缝合。(2)在入膈肌平面,迷走神经与膈神经的直径大致相同,相对距离稍远,但将膈神经和迷走神经向上游离一段距离后仍可实现二者的直接无张力缝合。     

CaO-MgO-P_2O_5-SiO_2-CaF_2系统自硬性玻璃的研究

为研究钙离子、镁离子在体内环境中对自硬性玻璃结晶行为的影响,为自硬性生物活性玻璃的临床应用提供依据,本文设计了CaO-P2O5-SiO2-CaF2(Ca-glass)和CaO-MgO-P2O5-SiO2-CaF2(CaMg-glass)系统玻璃并使用模拟体液(simulated body flu id,SBF)进行了研究。首先采用磷酸氢二氨[(NH4)2HPO4]/[NH4H2PO4]硬化液与Ca-glass、CaMg-glass制成硬化体,然后使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、失重、力学分析等方法,研究硬化体在SBF中的结晶性、降解性和力学性能。实验结果表明,玻璃粉末与磷酸铵缓冲溶液反应形成了磷酸铵钙[(NH4)2.Ca(HPO4)2.H2O]硬化体。硬化体经过SBF浸泡,Ca-glass系统硬化体中部分磷酸铵钙转化成羟基磷灰石,而CaMg-glass系统硬化体仍然为磷酸铵钙。Ca-glass与CaMg-glass硬化体在SBF中浸泡28天分别降解19.4%和31.3%,抗压强度分别为93.14MPa和64.52MPa。镁离子的歧化作用是导致Ca-glass、CaMg-glass硬化体结晶性能、降解性能以及力学性能差别的主要原因。