Sclerostin antibody treatment causes greater alveolar crest height and bone mass in an ovariectomized rat model of localized periodontitis

IntroductionPeriodontitis and osteoporosis are bone destructive diseases with a high prevalence in the adult population. The concomitant presence of osteoporosis may be a risk factor of progression of periodontal destruction. We studied the effect of sclerostin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) on alveolar bone endpoints in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of induced experimental periodontitis.MethodsSixty female, 4-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats underwent sham operation or bilateral OVX and were left untreated for 2 months. Experimental periodontitis (ligature) was established by placing silk sutures subgingival to the right maxillary first and second molar teeth for 4 weeks, and feeding the rats food and high-sugar drinking water during this period. Thereafter, ligatures were removed and 25 mg/kg vehicle or Scl-Ab was administered subcutaneously twice weekly for 6 weeks. Rats were randomized into four groups: (1) Control (Sham + Vehicle), (2) Sham + Ligature + Vehicle, (3) OVX + Ligature + Vehicle, and (4) OVX + Ligature + Scl-Ab. Terminal blood and right maxilla specimens were collected for analyses.ResultsGroup 3 rats showed lower bone volume fraction (BVF) of alveolar bone with higher bone resorption and lower bone formation than Group 2 rats. Group 4 rats had higher alveolar crest height, as assessed by linear distance of cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest and greater alveolar bone mass using Micro CT, than Group 3 rats. Significantly higher values of mineral apposition rate (MAR) and mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS) were also observed in Group 4 rats by analyzing polychrome sequential labeling data. Increased serum osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin, and deceased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and CTx-1 illustrate the ability of Scl-Ab to increase alveolar bone mass by enhancing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption in an animal model of estrogen deficiency osteopenia plus periodontitis.ConclusionScl-Ab could be a potential bone anabolic agent for improving alveolar crest height and higher alveolar bone mass in conditions where alveolar bone loss in periodontitis is compounded by estrogen deficiency osteopenia.     

Effects of Danggui-Shaoyao-San on the Influence of Spatial Learning and Memory Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement

Background:The pain caused by orthodontic treatment has been considered as tough problems in orthodontic practice.There is substantial literature on pain which has exactly effected on learning and memo...     

Helicobacter pylori specific immune response induced by conservative flagellin linear B-cell epitope

AIM:To testify the immunogenicity of a conservative B-cell linear epitope of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) flagellin A. METHODS: Different programs were used to analyze the secondary structure, molecular hydropathy, and surface accessibility of H pylori flagellin A. Linear B-cell epitopes were estimated based on the structural and physiochemical information. Analysis of residue divergence was proposed to screen a conservative linear epitope. The 29-peptide (Pep29mer) synthesized by chemical method, including the predicted conservative B-cell epitope and a known K2d compatible T-cell epitope, was used to immunize mice, and then H pylori-specific antibodies were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Based on the analyses of divergent amino acid residues, structural and physiochemical characteristics, it was strongly suggested that the short fragment NDSDGR was the core of a conservative linear epitope in flagellin A. Animals immunized by Pep29mer acquired efficient immune response. In detail, serum H pylori-specific IgA and IgGl increased significantly in immunized group, while IgG2a only had an insignificant change. H pylori-specific IgA in gastrointestinal flushing fluid also increased significantly. CONCLUSION: The conservative short fragment NDSDGR is the core of a linear B-cell epitope of flagellin A.     

Antimicrobial peptides: bridging innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules produced by a myriad of cells and play important roles not only in protecting against infections and sustaining skin barrier homeostasis but also in contributing to immune dysregulation under pathological conditions. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that AMPs, including cathelicidin (LL-37), human β-defensins, S100 proteins, lipocalin 2, and RNase 7, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesions. These peptides broadly regulate immunity by interacting with various immune cells and linking innate and adaptive immune responses during the progression of psoriasis. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding AMPs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis with a main focus on their immunomodulatory abilities.     

高空减压病在航空医学中的防治新进展

高空减压病（altitude decompression sickness,ADS）是指在一定高度飞行时,大气压力迅速降低,原本溶解在机体组织与体液中的氮气呈现过饱和状态而离析出来形成气泡,压迫或栓塞局部组织产生的一种病症。ADS是一种比较常见的航空病,高空低气压的暴露使飞行人员面临着ADS的风险,在过去很长的一段时间,国内外学者针对ADS的病因、预防以及治疗做了大量工作,取得了大量的突破性进展,但近年来随着航空器性能的不断提升,ADS的防治又面临新的挑战,本文将对近年来国内外ADS的发病原因、治疗以及预防新进展做一综述。     

微信平台结合CBL教学法在老年心血管病学临床教学中的应用效果分析

目的 分析微信平台结合基于案例学习（case-based learning,CBL）教学法在老年心血管病学教学中的应用效果。 方法 纳入在空军军医大学西京医院老年病科见习的医学本科生32人,将其随机分为传统教学法组（16人）和微信平台结合CBL教学法组（16人）。在教学结束时,比较两组学生的理论考试分数和临床实践能力考试分数,并以问卷形式调查两组学生对所接受教学法的满意度。 结果 较传统教学法组,微信平台联合CBL教学法组学生的理论考试分数和临床实践能力考试分数均显著提高（均P<0.05）。与传统教学法组相比,微信平台联合CBL教学法组的学生对教学模式的满意度也显著提高（均P<0.05）。 结论 微信平台联合CBL教学法能显著提高老年心血管病学的临床教学效果并增加学生满意度。     

基于微课的新型翻转课堂教学模式在高原心脏病课程网络教学中的应用

目的 探究基于微课的新型翻转课堂教学模式在高原心脏病课程网络教学中的应用。 方法 选择40名临床医学专业学生为研究对象,随机分为试验组（20人）与对照组（20人）。试验组利用网络平台接受基于微课的新型翻转课堂教学,对照组接受在线开展的传统课堂教学,利用随堂测试+课后作业+期末终考的综合测评方式对学生学习效果进行评价,并通过网络问卷形式进行满意度调查。 结果 试验组学生在课后作业、期末终考以及综合考评整体表现方面显著优于对照组（P < 0.01）,同时试验组学生在学习兴趣提升、自学能力提升、实践能力提升、课堂知识的掌握等方面满意度高于对照组（P < 0.01）。 结论 基于微课的新型翻转课堂教学模式能够帮助学生更深刻地理解知识重点、难点,提高学生对医学学科的学习兴趣和学习能力,为我国未来医学发展奠定坚实基础。     

内质网–线粒体交互在心血管疾病中的作用研究进展

线粒体和内质网的稳态在维持心血管正常功能中发挥重要作用,线粒体或内质网的结构功能异常参与了众多心血管疾病的发生发展。近年来研究发现线粒体与内质网存在物理和功能的交互,其交互作用调控线粒体、内质网功能,进而影响心肌细胞和平滑肌细胞的线粒体动力学平衡、钙转运及磷脂合成和转运。内质网–线粒体交互异常被认为是冠心病、心力衰竭、肺动脉高压和动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病的关键机制。因此,理解内质网-线粒体交互机制可为预防和改善心血管疾病提供崭新靶点。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗心肌梗死后心力衰竭的临床效果。 方法 选取空军军医大学附属西京医院2018年6月～2019年6月心梗后心力衰竭的患者146例为研究对象,在常规治疗的基础上,随机将其分为两组:缬沙坦组（对照组,n = 71）和沙库巴曲缬沙坦组（试药组,n = 75）,随访1年检测患者心脏彩超,血肌酐,血尿素氮,氨基末端脑钠尿肽前体（NT-proBNP）及生活质量相关指标。 结果 ①治疗1个月,试药组患者较对照组NT-proBNP显著下降（P < 0.05）,6分钟步行距离,明尼苏达生活质量评分显著升高（P < 0.05）,纽约心功能分级分布显著改善（P < 0.05）;②治疗1年后,试药组患者左室射血分数（LVEF）,左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)较对照组显著改善（P < 0.01）,NT-proBNP及生活质量相关指标进一步改善（P < 0.05） 结论 沙库巴曲缬沙坦较缬沙坦对心梗后心力衰竭患者心功能和生活质量有更好的疗效。     

四氢姜黄素对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢及大血管病变的影响

目的 探讨四氢姜黄素（THC）对2型糖尿病(T2MD)小鼠糖脂代谢的影响及其血管的保护作用。 方法 60只体质量（20~25）g雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,随机取15只小鼠作为正常对照（Con）组,正常饮食,其余小鼠均以高糖脂饮食结合小剂量连续腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法建立T2MD小鼠模型。造模成功后随机分为模型（T2MD）组和治疗（T2MD+THC）组,治疗组给THC药12周。实验结束后,检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、血清葡萄糖（GLU）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量;取小鼠主动脉观察其病理形态学改变,Western blot法检测Notch1信号关键分子NICD、氧化应激标志分子gp91phox、平滑肌表型标志分子α-SMA的表达水平。 结果 与模型组比较,THC治疗组可以显著改善T2MD小鼠糖脂代谢异常,主动脉组织中NICD表达升高、gp91phox明显降低、α-SMA上调,血管形态得到明显改善(P<0.05)。 结论 THC可以明显改善T2MD小鼠糖脂代谢异常,并发挥大血管保护作用,其可能机制是否通过Notch1信号通路调节氧化应激损伤进而保护血管有待进一步研究。