Intérêt d'une polychimiothérapie dans le lymphome B intravasculaire

We describe three cases of intravascular lymphoma B with different clinical presentation: one case of a cutaneous variant and two cases with surrenal and cutaneous localisation. All patients are in complete remission after chemotherapy alone or after chemotherapy and autologous stem cells transplantation. The review of the literature as well as our cases specify the interest of an aggressive chemotherapy with autologous of peripheral stem cells if it was possible.     

Potential role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the intestinal transport of rhein

Rhein, a lipophilic anthraquinone, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities; however, it is hepatotoxic. ATP-binding cassette transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), can pump toxicants from gut epithelial cells back into the intestinal lumen to prevent poisoning. We investigated their roles in rhein transport using a rat intestinal perfusion model and Caco-2, MDCKII-MDR1 (high expression of P-gp), MDCKII-BCRP (high expression of BCRP) and MDCKII-MRP2 (high expression of MRP2) cell models. The permeability of rhein in the duodenum significantly increased with increasing perfused concentration of rhein in the rat model, suggesting that efflux transporters were involved in rhein transport. In the Caco-2 cells, the permeability of rhein from the basolateral (B) to the apical (A) was significantly higher than that from A to B. In the presence of BCRP or MRP2 inhibitor, the permeability of rhein significantly decreased from B to A direction. In the MDCKII-BCRP cells, rhein was more permeable in B to A side than that in the opposite side. However, no significant differences of rhein permeability were observed in two directions in both MDCKII-MDR1 and MDCKII-MRP2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that only BCRP was involved in rhein transport.     

用蛋白质芯片技术筛选非小细胞肺癌患者血清中标志蛋白

目的 探讨用蛋白质芯片技术检测血清非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）标志蛋白筛查肺癌患者的可行性。方法 用蛋白质芯片表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪（SELDI-TOF-MS）技术检测123例肺癌患者和40名正常人血清蛋白质质谱。用数字表法随机抽取94份标本（53例NSCLC，21例小细胞肺癌和20名正常人）作为训练组进行系统训练，将筛选出来的相对分子质量为11493、6429、8245、5336及2536的5个蛋白峰作为一个标志物组合模式，建立分类树模型（即系统训练过程）；用69份未知血清标本（49例NSCLC，20名正常人）作为盲筛组验证该模型。结果 系统显示，在训练组该模式检测NCLC的敏感性和特异性分别为95．9％（71／74）、90．0％（18／20），盲筛组分别为83．7％（41／49）及80．0％（16／20）。结论 蛋白质芯片SELDI-TOF-MS技术能较准确的区分NSCLC患者与健康对照者，该技术为NSCLC的筛查提供了新的有效工具。     

Multivariate analysis of the risk for pulmonary complication after gastrointestinal surgery

AIM: To identify the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS: A total of 1 002 patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, during December 1999 and December 2003, were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: The overall incidence of PPC was 22.8% (228/ 1 002). Multivariate logistic analysis identified nine risk factors associated with PPC, including age odds ratio (OR = 1.040) history of respiratory diseases (OR = 2.976), serum albumin (OR = 0.954), chemotherapy 2 wk before operation (OR = 3.214), volume of preoperative erythrocyte transfusion (OR = 1.002), length of preoperative antibiotic therapy (OR = 1.072), intraoperative intratracheal intubation (OR = 1.002), nasogastric intubation (OR = 1.050) and postoperative mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.878). Logistic regression equation for predicting the risk of PPC was P(1) =q/[1+e-(-3.488+0.039×+1.090×Rd+0.001×Rbc-0.0047×Alb+0.002×Lii+ 0.049×Lni+0.630×Lmv+0.070×Dat+1.168×a)].     

Primary cardiac T-cell lymphoma

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL), defined as a lymphoma clinically mimicking cardiac disease, with the bulk of the tumor located intrapericardially, is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients. Clinical manifestations vary depending on sites of involvement in the heart and include chest pain, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and heart failure. Diagnosis is often difficult and may require invasive procedures; in some cases, diagnosis is not made until autopsy. Histologically, nearly all cases of PCL reported thus far have been of B-cell origin. In this report, we describe a case of PCL of T-cell origin in an adult immunocompetent patient, the second reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge, and provide a brief overview of the features of previously published PCL cases.     

支气管镜肺活检在肺泡蛋白沉积症中的诊断价值

目的：评价支气管镜肺活检(transbronchial lung biopsy,TBLB)在肺泡蛋白沉积症(pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,PAP)中的诊断价值和限度。方法：对2006年6月至2012年12月在中南大学湘雅二医院住院、资料完整的 TBLB病理确诊和非TBLB诊断的PAP 25例及TBLB病理误诊为PAP 4例进行回顾性分析。结果：25例PAP患者中,14例 一次TBLB病理确诊[一次TBLB阳性率为56%(14/25)],一次TBLB阴性病例中6例再次TBLB确诊[二次TBLB阳性率为 24%(6/25)],总阳性率为80%(20/25),总阴性率为20%(5/25)。其中,5例经典型CT表现及支气管肺泡灌洗液检查确 诊,并经全肺灌洗证实;而同期TBLB病理检查将其他疾病误诊为PAP者4例。结论：TBLB是很好的诊断方法,但一 次TBLB阴性不能排除PAP,条件允许可重复进行;临床和CT表现典型结合肺泡灌洗液检查阳性可作为临床诊断依 据;不典型的病例需进行TBLB。     

Novel glucocorticoid receptor agonists in the treatment of asthma

Introduction: Inhaled corticosteroids are the only drugs that effectively suppress the airway inflammation, but they can induce considerable systemic and adverse effects when they are administered chronically at high doses. Consequently, the pharmaceutical industry is still searching for newer entities with an improved therapeutic index.

Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the research in the glucocorticoid field to identify ligands of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). These ligands preferentially induce transrepression with little or no transactivating activity, in order to have a potent anti-inflammatory action and a low side-effects profile.

Expert opinion: Several agents have been synthesized, but few have been tested in experimental models of asthma. Furthermore, only three (BI-54903, GW870086X and AZD5423) have entered clinical development, although the development of at least one of them (BI-54903) was discontinued. The reason for the limited success so far obtained is that the model of transactivation versus transrepression is a too simplistic representation of GR activity. It is difficult to uncouple the therapeutic and harmful effects mediated by GR, but some useful information that might change the current perspective is appearing in the literature. The generation of gene expression ‘fingerprints’ produced by different GR agonists in target and off-target human tissues could be useful in identifying drug candidates with an improved therapeutic ratio.