阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压与微觉醒及低氧血症的相关性

目的探讨微觉醒和低氧血症与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者发生高血压的相关性及两者在发病机制中的地位。方法测定63例OSAHS、70例OSAHS合并高血压患者的清晨血压、睡眠构成比、微觉醒指数、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、血氧饱和度低于90％的时间（SLT90％）及氧减饱和度指数。并将OSAHS合并高血压患者的血压分别与年龄、性别、体块指数（BMI）、AHI、微觉醒指数、SLT90％、清醒时间、快动眼睡眠时间、1期睡眠时间、2期睡眠时间、深睡眠期时间（3＋4期）和氧减饱和度指数作多元线性回归分析。结果OSAHS合并高血压患者的SLT90％、氧减饱和度指数、微觉醒指数较OSAHS患者显著增加（均P〈0．05）。导致OSAHS患者合并高血压的第一重要因索为微觉醒指数（SBP：r=0．54。P〈0．01；DBP：r=0．42，P〈0．05）。第二重要因素为SLT90％（SBP：r=0．45,P〈0．05；DBP：r=0．35，P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS患者存在着明显的睡眠结构紊乱，合并发生高血压时，发病机制中首要的是微觉醒，其次是低氧血症。     

长期小剂量阿奇霉素治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的初步研究

目的研究长期小剂量阿奇霉素治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是否有疗效。方法选择稳定期COPD病人65例,随机分成两组,治疗组口服阿奇霉素0.25g,每日1次,连续用药6周。对照组不用任何药。两组病人在病情加重时,临时应用茁-内酰胺类抗生素。治疗前、治疗6周后检测肺功能1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)和血浆白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-琢的浓度,并记录临床症状记分。结果60例完成了试验,治疗组30例临床症状改善[治疗前(4.1±0.4)分,治疗后(3.8±0.5)分,P<0.01];FEV1也有改善[治疗前(1.68±0.23)L,治疗后(1.72±0.21)L,P<0.05];血浆IL-8浓度[治疗前(8.5±2.6)pg/ml,治疗后(8.5±2.6)pg/ml]、IL-6浓度[治疗后(7.1±2.8)pg/ml,治疗后(7.0±2.8)pg/ml]及TNF-琢浓度[治疗前(7.6±2.7)pg/ml,治疗后(7.5±2.7)pg/ml]均无明显改变(P>0.05)。对照组(30例)治疗前后各项指标差异无显著性(P>0.05),治疗期间未再见明显副作用。结论长期小剂量阿奇霉素治疗COPD患者可改善临床症状和其肺功能,且安全性好,不影响对血浆IL-8、IL-6及TNF-琢的浓度。     

丙戊酸钠在γδT细胞对肺癌A549细胞免疫中的作用

目的:研究丙戊酸钠(Sodium Valproate,VPA)作为组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂对肺癌A549细胞MICA蛋白的影响,并探讨丙戊酸钠在人外周血γδT细胞对肺癌A549细胞免疫中的作用.方法:用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离健康人外周血单核细胞(PBMC),用流式细胞仪分选纯化γδT细胞,用IL-2及唑来磷酸刺激γδT细胞扩增.用不同浓度的丙戊酸钠处理肺癌A549细胞,培养24小时后用PCR及Western blot检测MICA的变化.将分离纯化的γδT细胞与处于对数期生长的肺癌A549细胞混合培养,并加入VPA、MICA抗体处理,24小时后用LDH法检测γδT细胞的细胞毒性.结果:加入VPA后,PCR及Western blot结果显示肺癌A549细胞MICA蛋白在转录及表达上均增强；分离纯化的γδT细胞经体外扩增后,对肺癌A549细胞有较强的细胞毒性作用；加入VPA后γδT细胞对肺癌A549细胞的细胞毒性作用较未加入组增强(P＜0.05).结论:体外扩增的γδT细胞对肺癌A549细胞产生较强的细胞毒性杀伤作用；组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂-丙戊酸钠可上调A549细胞MICA的表达,并增强γδT细胞对肺癌A549细胞的杀伤作用.     

Initial HRCT findings of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection

Please cite this paper as: Yuan et al. (2012) Initial HRCT findings of novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(601), e114–e119. Objectives The aim of our study was to describe the presentation and illustrate the imaging features of chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Methods Data were collected from 163 hospitalized patients between November 2009 and March 2011, who fulfilled the clinical criteria for H1N1 influenza infection and underwent HRCT examinations within 24 hours of admission. Results Abnormal findings were observed in 40·5% of the patients. The patients with positive imaging findings were significantly older than patients with normal HRCT findings (P = 0·02). The most common finding was ground‐glass opacity (GGO) (n = 35). Interlobular septal thickening (n = 31) and centrilobular nodules (n = 30) were the second most frequent findings. Other common findings were consolidation, reticulation, and linear shadow. The most common imaging finding for lung involvement was GGO with a patchy pattern. Pulmonary involvement of the disease may be extensive and variable, but the total volume of affected lung was mostly <1 lobe. Conclusion The baseline HRCT may be valuable and suggestive even for non‐severe H1N1 infections. When a severe case or a evolution is suspected, chest CT could be essential both for determining the precise extent of parenchymal damage and for monitoring its evolution.     

基因芯片技术检测方法对耐多药肺结核治疗的指导价值研究

目的探讨基因芯片技术在肺结核耐药检测中的应用及指导临床治疗的价值。方法河北省胸科医院结核科住院的83位复治菌阳肺结核患者为选例对象,根据既往药敏试验结果,择符合条件的56例耐多药肺结核患者作为研究对象,随机分为基因芯片组24例根据基因芯片检测结果制定抗结核化疗方案,常规药敏组32例根据常规药敏试验结果制定抗结核化疗方案,观察评价两组在治疗后痰菌阴转情况及肺部病灶吸收情况。结果痰菌阴转情况基因芯片组58.3%(14/24),常规药敏组53.2%(17/32),基因芯片组略高于常规药敏组,组间相比无显著性差异(P0.05);X线肺部病灶吸收情况基因芯片组45.9%(11/24),常规药敏组43.8%(14/32),组间相比无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论基因芯片技术快速准确,可用于肺结核的耐药检测,指导临床用药。     

Waist-to-thigh ratio is a predictor of internal organ cancers in humans: findings from a cohort study

ObjectiveStudies have shown that some specific body measures are associated with the occurrence of cancers. Few studies have demonstrated the relationship with more comprehensive approaches. This study aims to explore body measures and the combinations associated with internal organ cancers.MethodsThree-dimensional anthropometric body surface scanning data collected 10,215 participants from the health examination department in a medical center of Taiwan during 2000–2010. Follow-up was conducted for an average of 8 years, and 244 internal organ cancer cases were identified.ResultsAn increased risk of internal organ cancers was observed among the subjects with larger waist circumference/smaller thigh circumference, in which waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) was constructed. Comparing the subjects in the fourth quartile for WTR to the subjects in the first quartile with multiple Cox regression analysis yielded a hazard ratio of 1.842 (95% confidence interval, 1.131～2.999). The association between WTR quartile and internal organ cancers was stronger among male participants, older participants, and participants with chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe study has revealed that WTR is the most significant predictor for the occurrence of cancer in Asian populations. Because it is easy to measure and open to modification, WTR may be more useful in clinical and preventive medicine in the future.     

Consumption of red and processed meat and refined grains for 4 weeks decreases insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults: A randomized crossover study

BackgroundRed and processed meat and refined grains are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Interventions are limited. We hypothesized that a diet high in red and processed meat and refined grains (HMD) would decrease insulin sensitivity compared to a diet high in whole grains, nuts, dairy and legumes with no red meat (HWD).MethodsForty-nine subjects without diabetes [15 men and 34 women, age, 35.6 ± 15.7 years, body mass index (BMI), 27 ± 5.9 kg/m²] underwent two 4-week weight-stable dietary interventions in a randomized crossover design. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from the last 30 min of a continuous low-dose insulin (25 mU/kg·h) and glucose (4 mg/kg·min) infusion test (LDIGIT _120–150min) at the end of each diet.ResultsThe population fell into two very discrete groups: those with a very low insulin response in the LDIGIT _120–150min on HMD (Group 1 < 56 pmol/L, n = 24), and those with relatively normal insulin responses (Group 2 > 56 pmol/L, n = 25). Group 2 had significantly higher insulin concentrations [(median and interquartile range) 153, 180 for HMD vs. 123, 149 pmol/L for HWD; P = 0.019] and glucose concentrations [(mean ± standard deviation) 7.4 ± 1.3 for HMD vs.6.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L for HWD; P = 0.05], resulting in a significantly decreased ISI [(median and interquartile range) 21.1, 34.2 for HMD vs. 31.6, 39.4 for HWD; P = 0.014] compared to HWD. Log ISI after HMD was significantly correlated with BMI (r = − 0.5; P = 0.009), fat mass (r = − 0.55; P = 0.004) and self-reported activity levels (r = − 0.45; P = 0.024).ConclusionsA dietary pattern high in red and processed meat and refined grains decreased insulin sensitivity compared to a dietary pattern high in whole grains, nuts, dairy products and legumes only in relatively insulin-resistant adults.     

Repeatability and reliability of the diabetic foot self-care questionnaire in Arabic patients: A transcultural adaptation

PurposeThe diabetic foot self-care questionnaire is considered a self-care evaluation tool with 16 questions for assessing diabetic foot health disorders. To date, the DFSQ has been validated in different languages, but an Arabic version was lacking. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Arabic version of the DFSQ (DFSQ-AR).MethodA suitable method was developed for the translation protocol and cross-cultural validation from Spanish to Arabic. Regarding the total marks from each sub-scale, agreement degrees and confidence were analyzed using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. In addition, the mean ± standard deviation differences between pre and post-tests were calculated and completed using Bland-Altman distribution plots.ResultsExcellent agreement between the two versions was demonstrated based on Cronbach's α. Three sub-scales consisting of knowledge of foot hygiene, the appropriate use of footwear and socks, and podiatric self-care were added together to obtain the total score. Excellent retest reliability was shown for the total score. Test/retest reliability was excellent for the self-care and shoe and socks sub-scales. There were no significant differences among any domains (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences (P = 0.000) for the mean ± standard deviations (SD) between pre- and post-tests (98.09 ± 15.42) [93.75–102.43] and 97.96 ± 13.88 [94.5–101.86] points, respectively). Bland-Altman plots or clinically pertinent variations were not statistically significantly different.ConclusionsThe DFSQ-AR is considered a strong and valid questionnaire with adequate repeatability in the Arabic language population.