内镜逆行胰胆管造影介导光动力疗法治疗胆管癌研究进展

胆管癌恶性程度高,早期诊断困难,绝大多数患者被确诊时已不可行手术切除,患者生存质量低,生存 周期短,传统放射治疗和化学药物治疗效果欠佳且不良反应大,因而缺乏有效的控制手段。内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)是诊断和治疗胆道疾病的重要手段,而光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)作为胆管癌的一种新的局部治疗方法优势明显。近年来,ERCP介导的PDT治疗胆管癌的研究在国外逐 渐兴起。其可有效缓解胆管癌患者的症状,提高生存质量,延长生存期,有望成为治疗胆管癌的新手段。     

肿瘤热休克蛋白70-多肽复合物诱导特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞产生的实验研究

目的　研究肿瘤细胞的热休克蛋白 70多肽复合物 (heatshockprotein 70peptide complexes ,HSP PC70 )诱导活化肿瘤特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞 (cytotoxicTlymphocytes,CTL)的作用及该CTL的杀瘤效应。方法　利用细胞培养 ,流式细胞技术 ,蛋白质的分离纯化技术 ,电泳技术 ,Western blot检测方法 ,T淋巴细胞的诱导及体外扩增 ,酶标技术等 ,测定肿瘤HSP70 多肽复合物诱导活化小鼠体内CTL产生的作用。结果　HcaF细胞HSP PC70的自然表达率为 6 3.5 % ,热诱导后为 75 .5 % ;HcaF细胞的HSP PC70能够诱导活化肿瘤特异性的CTL ,该CTL在效靶比例为 5 0∶1、2 5∶1、12 .5∶1时于体外对HcaF细胞的杀伤效率分别为 84.2 %± 3.2 %、47.9%± 2 .6 %和 14.8%± 3.0 % ;该CTLCD3、CD8的阳性率分别为 93%± 7% ,92 %± 8% ;将活化的CTL注入荷瘤小鼠体内可见明显的治疗作用 ,注入 10 7CTL 4次后 ,10 0 %的小鼠获长期生存。结论　肿瘤来源的HSP PC70具有强大的免疫原性 ,可活化CD8 T淋巴细胞成为肿瘤特异性的CTL ,该CTL具有较高的体外杀瘤活性和良好的治疗作用。     

Immunohistochemical analysis of the vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells is a powerful tool for the prediction of spermatogenic dysfunction

The close interaction between male germ cells and Sertoli cells, a type of somatic cell found in the seminiferous tubules of mammalian testis, is essential for the normal progression of spermatogenesis in mammals. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that primarily provides mechanical support, preserves cell shape, and maintains the nuclear position, and it is often used as a marker to identify Sertoli cells. Vimentin is known to be involved in many diseases and aging processes; however, how vimentin is related to spermatogenic dysfunction and the associated functional changes is still unclear. In a previous study, we reported that vitamin E deficiency affected the testes, epididymis, and spermatozoa of mice, accelerating the progression of senescence. In this study, we focused on the Sertoli cell marker vimentin and explored the relationship between the cytoskeletal system of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic dysfunction using testis tissue sections that caused male reproductive dysfunction with vitamin E deficiency. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the proportion of the vimentin-positive area in seminiferous tubule cross-sections was significantly increased in testis tissue sections of the vitamin E-deficient group compared with the proportion in the control group. The histological analysis of testis tissue sections from the vitamin E-deficient group showed that vimentin-positive Sertoli cells were greatly extended from the basement membrane, along with an increased abundance of vimentin. These findings suggest that vimentin may be a potential indicator for detecting spermatogenic dysfunction.     

Clinicopathological features of hereditary breast cancer

The possible role of germline mutations ofBRCA1 andBRCA2 as causative agents of familial breast cancer was assessed. Their possible involvement in the carcinogenesis of hereditary breast cancer was investigated using 63 clinically suspect families. Twenty-one lineages (33.3%) had mutations in one of the twoBRCA genes. This relatively low incidence suggested that germline mutations in unknown genes are involved in the carcinogenesis of hereditary breast cancer in the Japanese population. However, the clinicopathological features characteristic of hereditary breast cancer, such as early disease onset, a high incidence of bilateral breast cancer, and a high incidence of multiple primary carcinomas in other organs were confirmed in the present study.     

Vertical subcutaneous pedicle flaps for posterior perineal reconstruction

PURPOSE: Loss of a certain amount of cutaneous tissue of the perineal region may be remedied by first intention with creation of cutaneous flaps, thus preventing second intention healing. METHODS: We present three emblematic cases in which the posterior perineal region was reconstructed by means of vertical subcutaneous pedicle flaps, subsequent to cutaneous tissue loss after surgery for extensive condilomas or neoplastic pathologies. RESULTS: Tissue loss was repaired by means of a V-Y type vertical subcutaneous pedicle flap, constructed laterally of the extirpation zone and advanced in a median direction. In all cases, no ischemia or infection of flaps occurred; sphincteral continence and long-term aesthetic results have proved to be satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical pedicle subcutaneous flaps are well vascularized, extremely mobile, and easy to perform and have no serious postoperative complications.     

Postoperative pulmonary function after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

In this prospective, randomized study, we compared 42 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 40 undergoing open cholecystectomy to determine if laparoscopic cholecystectomy results in less respiratory impairment and fewer respiratory complications. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood-gas analysis and chest radiographs were obtained in both groups before operation and on the second day after operation. Postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements were also recorded. After operation, a significant reduction in total lung capacity, functional residual capacity (FRC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) occurred after both laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. The reductions in FRC, FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75% were smaller after laparoscopic (7%, 22%, 19% and 23%, respectively) than after open (21%, 38%, 32% and 34%, respectively) cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was also associated with a significantly lower incidence (28.6% vs 62.5%) and less severe atelectasis, better oxygenation and reduced postoperative pain and analgesia use compared with open cholecystectomy. We conclude that postoperative pulmonary function was impaired less after laparoscopic than after open cholecystectomy.      

Evaluation of the Maruyama Computer Program Accuracy for Preoperative Estimation of Lymph Node Metastases from Gastric Cancer

Controversy still exists about the optimal lymph node (LN) dissection for potentially curable gastric cancer. For rational LN dissection it is important to know the incidence of metastasis at each LN station. For this purpose a computer program was developed using data from 4302 primary gastric cancers treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo between 1969 and 1989. To evaluate the accuracy of the computer program, the differences between the individual reports generated by the computer and the stored data were investigated in 282 Italian patients submitted to curative gastrectomy and D₂ or more extended LN dissections for gastric cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the program for predicting LN metastases in each of the 16 regional LN stations. The computer program showed good predictive ability for LN metastases in most of the 16 LN stations, as the areas under the curve ranged from 0.741 (station 15) to 0.944 (station 8), with a mean of 0.856. A critical cutoff point of 18% of the program's expected percentage was the value maximizing the validity of the prediction. Using an “absolute” cutoff point of 0%, the overall rate of false-negative (FN) predictions in 176 N+ patients was 11.9%; of these, 11 (6.2%) were absolute FNs, in which the program totally failed to estimate LN metastases; the remaining 10 cases (5.7%) were relative FNs because the specific prediction was positive for a different depth of stomach invasion. The low number of D₃/D₄ lymphadenectomies in the historical database may affect the low estimate of metastases to N₃/N₄ nodes generated by the program. Based on these data, the program predicts with good accuracy the extent of LN metastases from gastric cancer, but it is not recommended for directing the surgeon to perform more extensive lymphadenectomy.