海南省三亚市2010—2021年新报告HIV/AIDS晚发现情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解三亚市2010—2021年艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）患者（简称HIV/AIDS）晚发现情况及影响因素,为降低晚发现比例提供依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集三亚市2010—2021年新报告的HIV/AIDS信息,依据中国疾病预防控制中心2014年提出的5类晚发现判断标准识别晚发现者,以是否为晚发现者为因变量,人口学信息为自变量,运用二元Logistic逐步回归模型分析HIV/AIDS发生晚发现的影响因素。结果 三亚市2010—2021年新报告HIV/AIDS 710例,晚发现比例为33.4%（237例）;第1~5类晚发现构成比分别是0.8%、59.1%、10.1%、17.3%和12.7%。2010—2021年晚发现比例由95.5%降至22.4%,呈下降趋势（χ²_趋势=34.777,P<0.05）。多因素分析结果,民族、文化程度、样本来源和确证年份是三亚市HIV/AIDS晚发现的影响因素,黎族HIV/AIDS晚发现比例为56.8%,晚发现风险高于汉族（OR=2.253,95%CI=1.361~3.670）;初中及以下文化程度HIV/AIDS晚发现比例为55.5%,晚发现风险是高中及以上者的1.722倍（95%CI=1.072~2.765）;样本来源于医疗机构和检测咨询者晚发现比例分别为63.1%和45.5%,晚发现风险均高于来源于MSM人群者（OR=5.564,95%CI=3.278~9.444;OR=2.204,95%CI=1.239~3.923）;与2018—2021年相比,2010—2013年确证者风险较高（OR=2.246,95%CI=1.311~4.488）。结论 三亚市HIV/AIDS晚发现形势不容忽视,尤其是来源于咨询检测和医疗机构的HIV/AIDS,应加强检测力度,提高人群主动检测意识。     

miR-203a-3p通过ALOX15途径抑制胃癌细胞铁死亡

目的探讨miR-299-3p靶向调控OCT4B1对结直肠癌细胞SW480增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的作用。 方法将SW480细胞分为NC组、mimics组、inhibitor组,采用MTT法检测细胞活力,结晶紫染色检测单克隆形成数,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力,qRT-PCR测定细胞miR-299-3p和OCT4B1 mRNA,蛋白免疫印迹法测定OCT4B1蛋白表达。荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-556-3p对SW480细胞OCT4B1活性的调控作用。 结果与NC组比较,miR-299-3p水平、细胞凋亡率mimics组升高,inhibitor组降低,且mimics组高于inhibitor组(P＜0.05);OCT4B1 mRNA和蛋白水平、细胞穿膜数、细胞存活率、单克隆形成数mimics组降低,inhibitor组升高,且mimics组低于inhibitor组(P＜0.05)。 结论miR-299-3p过表达可抑制结直肠癌细胞SW480增殖、迁移、侵袭,促进其凋亡,可能与miR-299-3p抑制OCT4B1 mRNA和蛋白表达有关。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p及抗苗勒管激素水平检测及其临床价值

  目的  探讨血清miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p水平联合抗苗勒管激素(AMH)在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中的表达及临床价值。  方法  选取2018年1月—2022年3月三亚市妇女儿童医院收治的128例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和50例健康女性(对照组)。PCOS患者根据胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)分为胰岛素抵抗组(83例,HOMA-IR≥2.69)和非胰岛素抵抗组(45例,HOMA-IR＜2.69);根据BMI分为肥胖组(40例,BMI≥28)和非肥胖组(88例,BMI＜28);根据睾酮水平分为高雄激素组(71例,睾酮≥0.7 ng/mL)及非高雄激素组(57例,睾酮＜0.7 ng/mL)。采用实时定量PCR法检测血清miR-143-3p及miR-222-3p水平和电化学发光法检测AMH水平。ROC曲线分析miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p联合AMH对PCOS的诊断价值。相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。  结果  PCOS组血清miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p及AMH水平均明显高于对照组,肥胖组明显高于非肥胖组,高雄激素组明显高于非高雄激素组,胰岛素抵抗组明显高于非胰岛素抵抗组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.001)。ROC曲线显示,miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p及AMH三项联合诊断PCOS的曲线下面积最大(AUC=0.910,95% CI:0.852~0.974)。PCOS患者血清miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p水平与AMH均呈正相关关系(r=0.842、0.795,均P＜0.001)。  结论  PCOS患者血清miR-143-3p、miR-222-3p及AMH水平明显升高,三项联合检测对PCOS诊断具有较高的价值。      

我院退药事件的分析与干预措施

目的：查找医院门诊患者退药原因,探讨如何减少退药现象。方法收集医院门诊药房2012年5月至2013年4月退药371起,统计和分析退药科室、所退药品的类别和退药原因,并有针对性地采取干预措施。结果退药处方率为0.22%,患者自己要求退药占最大比例,检查取消占第2位。对造成80%责任的前6项因素实施干预,常态化后退药事件大大减少。结论医院发生的退药事件有一定的地域特点,通过提高患者用药的服务水平,与临床加强沟通,加强培训和退药事件的干预等措施可减少退药事件发生。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Chinese water snake Enhydris chinensis (Colubridae)

The Chinese water snake Enhydris chinensis is an ovoviviparous colubrid snake distributed in China and Vietnam. It is commonly used in the production of Chinese snake oil, which is known for treating ailments such as fever, joint pain, and headache. It is listed as a vulnerable species according to the China red data book of endangered animals. Specific molecular markers such as mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci are helpful for us to get a better understanding of population structure and evolutionary history of the snake and take effective conservation action for this species. Here, we characterize eight polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from E. chinensis genomic libraries. Forty-seven individuals were collected from Ji’an population in Jiangxi, China. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (3–10 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (H _O ranged from 0.532 to 0.957, and H _E ranged from 0.565 to 0.806). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. The results of this paper will be useful for future study of population structure and genetic diversity of E. chinensis.     

Paracrine factors from mesenchymal stem cells: a proposed therapeutic tool for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Despite extensive researches in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), current pharmacological therapies and respiratory support are still the main methods to treat patients with ALI and ARDS and the effects remain limited. Hence, innovative therapies are needed to decrease the morbidity and mortality. Because of the proven therapeutic effects in other fields, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might be considered as a promising alternative to treat ALI and ARDS. Numerous documents demonstrate that MSCs can exert multiple functions, such as engraftment, differentiation and immunoregulation, but now the key researches are concentrated on paracrine factors secreted by MSCs that can mediate endothelial and epithelial permeability, increase alveolar fluid clearance and other potential mechanisms. This review aimed to review the current researches in terms of the effects of MSCs on ALI and ARDS and to analyse these paracrine factors, as well as to predict the potential directions and challenges of the application in this field.     

Clinical characterization,genetic mapping and whole-genome sequence analysis of a novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome

We identified six patients presenting with a strikingly similar clinical phenotype of profound syndromic intellectual disability of unknown etiology. All patients lived in the same village. Extensive genealogical work revealed that the healthy parents of the patients were all distantly related to a common ancestor from the 17th century, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. In addition to intellectual disability, the clinical features included hypotonia, strabismus, difficulty to fix the eyes to an object, planovalgus in the feet, mild contractures in elbow joints, interphalangeal joint hypermobility and coarse facial features that develop gradually during childhood. The clinical phenotype did not fit any known syndrome. Genome-wide SNP genotyping of the patients and genetic mapping revealed the longest shared homozygosity at 3p22.1-3p21.1 encompassing 11.5 Mb, with no other credible candidate loci emerging. Single point parametric linkage analysis showed logarithm of the odds score of 11 for the homozygous region, thus identifying a novel intellectual disability predisposition locus. Whole-genome sequencing of one affected individual pinpointed three genes with potentially protein damaging homozygous sequence changes within the predisposition locus: transketolase (TKT), prolyl 4-hydroxylase transmembrane (P4HTM), and ubiquitin specific peptidase 4 (USP4). The changes were found in heterozygous form with 0.3–0.7% allele frequencies in 402 whole-genome sequenced controls from the north-east of Finland. No homozygotes were found in this nor additional control data sets. Our study facilitates clinical and molecular diagnosis of patients with this novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome. However, further studies are needed to unambiguously identify the underlying genetic defect.     

miR-146a和miR-221在儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)患儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMNC)中miR-146a和miR-221表达水平及临床意义。方法:选取海南省第三人民医院收治的初诊T-ALL患儿130例(T-ALL组)和体检健康者50例(对照组)。T-ALL患儿以治疗前作为初发组,诱导治疗d 33达完全缓解者作为缓解组(n=98),未完全缓解者作为难治组(n=32)。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平。ROC曲线分析miR-146a及miR-221对T-ALL的诊断价值,Pearson相关分析评价T-ALL患儿miR-146a及miR-221表达与白细胞计数的相关性。结果:T-ALL组PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平均明显高于对照组(5.83±1.54 vs 0.96±0.17)(7.13±2.60 vs 1.64±0.51)(P<0.01)。难治组PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平均明显高于缓解组和初发组(8.74±2.35 vs 1.70±0.63,5.83±1.54)(11.316±4.83 vs 2.62±0.85,7.13±2.60)(P<0.01)。miR-146a及miR-221表达水平与白细胞计数、危险度分型和MRD相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,miR-146a及miR-221诊断T-ALL的最佳截值分别为3.90和5.28,2项联合诊断T-ALL的AUC(95%CI)为0.835(0.764-0.892),其敏感度和特异度分别为85.0%和77.2%。相关分析显示,T-ALL患儿PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平与白细胞计数均呈正相关(r=0.705,r=0.653,P<0.01),miR-146a与miR-221呈正相关(r=0.784,P<0.01)。结论:miR-146a及miR-221在T-ALL患儿中表达上调,且与T-ALL患儿预后密切相关,2项联合检测对T-ALL诊断具有一定价值。