FOLFOX方案同步放疗对局部晚期结直肠癌患者手术疗效及预后的影响

目的探讨FOLFOX同步放疗对T3-T4期结直肠癌手术疗效及预后的影响。方法回顾性收集本院2008年6月至2012年5月收治的T3-T4期结直肠癌患者125例,分为单纯手术治疗组(对照组,61例)以及FOLFOX方案化疗同步放疗后手术治疗组(治疗组,64例)。观察术前FOLFOX方案化疗同步放疗对结直肠癌患者的肿瘤切除率、手术相关并发症、保肛率、3年复发率及生存率的影响。结果对照组和治疗组分别有28例和45例肿瘤完全切除,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。对照组和治疗组分别有9例和19例切除肿瘤后行保肛手术(P=0.04);两组患者在总生存率和复发率差异均无统计学意义,但在第1、2年的复发率和生存率差异有统计学意义。结论局部晚期结直肠患者术前行FOLFOX方案同步放疗能够提高肿瘤切除率和保肛率,降低近期复发率。     

马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的克隆、序列分析及编码产物B细胞表位预测

根据GenBank中马来丝虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(BmG3PD基因)序列设计引物, 以马来丝虫mRNA为模板, RT-PCR扩增BmG3PD基因, 将其克隆入pGEM-T载体, 转化大肠埃希菌（E. coli）DH5α, 筛选阳性克隆。经EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切及PCR鉴定, 获得阳性重组质粒pGEM-BmG3PD, 经序列分析及同源性比较, 以及对其编码产物进行B细胞表位预测, 结果表明PCR扩增的特异性条带为1 020 bp, 与预期相符, 与GenBank已知基因序列同源性为99%。编码产物B细胞表位预测, 氨基酸区域可能在22～36、242～255、303～318和326～336位。     

线粒体融合和裂变在眼科疾病中的研究进展

线粒体是多细胞生命不可缺少的组成部分,通过裂变和融合进行形态上的变化和空间上的重新排列以适应细胞的需求,维持能量平衡。线粒体的这种控制其自身数量、大小、形状和在细胞内的分布特征被称为线粒体动力学。正常情况下,线粒体融合-裂变是平衡的,当细胞早期受到应激时,受损的线粒体首先通过裂变和融合来维持其功能的正常运行。线粒体功能异常可能与细胞的衰老和凋亡密切相关,因此,本文就线粒体动力学包括线粒体裂变和融合在常见眼科疾病中的研究进展进行综述。     

Comparison of different obesity indices related with hypertension among different sex and age groups in China

Background and aimsTo compare the relationships of five obesity-related routine anthropometric indicators (body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) for hypertension in both sexes and among different age groups of the Chinese population.Methods and resultsA total of 12,064 adult participants (5638 males and 6426 females) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of hypertension for each obesity index. For the males, WHtR had the highest OR value in all age groups. The degrees of correlation between hypertension and the obesity indices for different age groups were different among the females. WC, BMI, and WHtR were the highest in the 18–44, 45–59, and ≥60 years age groups, respectively. Furthermore, we compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of each obesity index for the criterion of hypertension under the influence of risk factors. For the males, the AUC of WHtR was the largest (0.814, 0.710, and 0.662). WC (AUC = 0.820), BMI (AUC = 0.765), and WHtR (AUC = 0.668) tended to be the best criteria for hypertension among females in the 18–44, 45–59, and ≥60 years age groups respectively. In addition, BAI, as an obesity indicator proposed in recent years, has a positive association with hypertension except in 18–44 years women, which was not stronger than other obesity indicators.ConclusionsFor males, WHtR appears to be the best obesity index related with hypertension. For young, middle-aged, and elderly women, the best obesity indices related with hypertension are WC, BMI, and WHtR, respectively.     

Assessment and management of hearing loss in older people in Belgium,Portugal and Turkey

Hearing loss, usually due to presbycusis, is frequent in old age and goes often undetected or untreated. Older subjects with hearing loss have increasing communication problems, reduced quality of life, isolation, depression and also feelings of frustration and discouragement. Hearing loss is also linked to cardiovascular problems, depression and dementia. Despite its relevance, country-level epidemiological data on age-related incidence and prevalence of presbycusis are limited, and no specific data in different geriatric settings are usually available. Population screening programs similar to those in infants are not widely implanted, although both primary care providers and geriatricians have incorporated strategies to detect hearing loss. No guidelines are available on when and how to screen and manage hearing loss in old age. Management of presbycusis is usually directed by ENT specialists, in cooperation with audiologist. These may be hospital-based or work in for profit centres, depending on the country. Funding of hearing aids by health care providers is limited, so some patients do not have access to them due to their high cost. Attitudes towards hearing loss, including considering it an inevitable age-related problem, may also limit access to care. Cochlear implants are still anecdotal in older patients in most countries. There is still a long way to go in the detection and management of hearing loss in older people. Systematic screening, careful assessment and treatment guidelines will have to be developed and implemented, both at country and European level.     

复方脑益康对AD大鼠脑组织ChAT表达的影响

目的:观察中药复方脑益康对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)大鼠脑组织胆碱乙酰基转移酶(choline acetyltransferase,ChAT)表达的影响。方法:采用大鼠双侧Meynert核(nucleus basalis of Meynert,NBM)注射鹅膏蕈氨酸(ibotenic acid,IBO)建立AD动物模型,灌胃给药28 d后,应用免疫组织化学染色和Western-blot印迹分析观察ChAT在AD大鼠额叶皮层的表达。结果:脑益康改善脑组织ChAT阳性神经元的形态及数量、增加ChAT蛋白的表达。结论:脑益康通过促进ChAT蛋白合成,增加乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)的合成,从而保护中枢胆碱能神经元。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后角膜神经损伤和再生的实验研究

目的 观察准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术后角膜神经的损伤及术后不同时期的再生情况。方法 取4只大耳白兔，右眼接受近视性LASIK术，左眼为正常对照，另取14只兔双眼接受LASIK术，术后1、3、7d，1、2、3、6个月行氯化金染色，光镜下观察LASIK术后神经的损伤及再生情况。结果 术后深基质层、角膜瓣连接处的上皮下和浅基质层神经未受损，瓣切削处上皮下和浅基质层神经消失。术后不同部位的角膜神经再生程度不同，术后6个月周边部角膜神经形态已接近正常，角膜中央仍无神经分布。结论 近视性LASIK术对不同部位角膜神经的损伤程度不同，术后6个月周边部神经恢复接近正常，中央部神经修复较慢。     

Évaluation dosimétrique d’un outil de délinéation automatique des organes pelviens à partir d’images IRM pour la radiothérapie du cancer prostatique

PurposeAn automatic segmentation tool of pelvic structures from MRI images for prostate cancer radiotherapy was developed and dosimetric evaluation of differences of delineation (automatic versus human) is presented here.Materials and methodsCTV, rectum and bladder were defined automatically and by a physician in 20 patients. Treatment plans based on “automatic” volumes were transferred on “manual” volumes and reciprocally. Dosimetric characteristics of PTV (V₉₅, minimal, maximal and mean doses), rectum (V₅₀, V₇₀, maximal and mean doses) and bladder (V₇₀, maximal and mean doses) were compared.ResultsAutomatic delineation of CTV did not significantly influence dosimetric characteristics of “manual” PTV. Rectal V₅₀ and V₇₀ were not significantly different; mean rectal dose is slightly superior (43.2 versus 44.4 Gy, p = 0.02, Student test). Bladder V₇₀ was significantly superior too (19.3 versus 21.6, p = 0.004). Organ-at-risk (OAR) automatic delineation had little influence on their dosimetric characteristics; rectal V₇₀ was slightly underestimated (20 versus 18.5 Gy, p = 0.001).ConclusionCTV and OAR automatic delineation had little influence on dosimetric characteristics. Software developments are ongoing to enable routine use and interobserver evaluation is needed.     

TSA体外抑制Ⅱ型胶原诱导的抗原特异性T细胞增殖

目的：检测TSA对Ⅱ型胶原诱导的T细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法：采用CIA小鼠模型，收集引流淋巴结细胞。MTT法观察不同浓度TSA对T细胞的抑制作用，Annexin-v观察细胞凋亡情况。用Caspase3试剂盒检测Caspase3酶活性。结果：TSA呈时间和剂量依赖性抑制T细胞增殖，经20ng／ml TSA处理后，T细胞凋亡率增高，呈现时间依赖性效应关系。20ng/ml TSA作用T细胞后，实验组与对照组相比Caspase3活性明显升高。结论．TSA可能通过上调Caspase 3活性，诱导细胞凋亡，从而抑制T细胞增殖。