Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion increases circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells and tumor growth in a mouse model of colorectal liver metastases

BackgroundHepatic pedicle clamping is often required to reduce blood loss and transfusion during liver resection. However, the question remains whether use of hepatic pedicle clamping promotes tumor growth. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mobilized from bone marrow in response to tissue ischemia, which allows neovascularization of ischemic tissue. It has been suggested that EPCs are involved in tumor progression. We hypothesized that hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced mobilization of EPCs could enhance growth of microscopic tumor, therefore promoting liver metastasis in a mouse model of colorectal cancer.Materials and methodsWe used mouse models of hepatic I/R and hind limb ischemia. For comparison, we studied mice that underwent limb ischemia as positive controls of EPC mobilization. At day 0, we divided 40 mice into four groups: hepatic I/R, hind limb ischemia, combined hepatic I/R and hind limb ischemia, and control (sham midline incision laparotomy). At day 2, we induced liver metastasis in all mice by injecting CT-26 cells into the spleen. Time-dependent circulating EPCs were determined by flow cytometry. We evaluated liver metastasis and microvascular density on day 21.ResultsThe number of circulating progenitor cells increased rapidly in the ischemic groups compared with the control group. Hepatic I/R significantly increased tumor outgrowth compared with the control group. Increased tumor growth was associated with enhanced CD31-positive microvascular density in liver tissue.ConclusionsHepatic I/R leads to mobilization of bone marrow–derived EPCs and enhanced intra-hepatic angiogenesis, which is associated with increased tumor burden in an animal model of colorectal liver metastasis.     

Cardiac metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Two patients with cardiac metastasis from head and neck cancer are reported. Cardiac metastasis located in the left atrium was detected on a follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan 15 months after partial glossectomy for a tongue carcinoma in a 60-year-old man. The diagnosis was confirmed as cardiac metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by surgical excision of the cardiac lesion. The patient died 3 weeks after surgery. In a 69-year-old man with a partial maxillectomy for primary soft palate cancer, a follow-up CT scan 5 months after surgery revealed a mass in the right atrium and ventricle, and multiple lung metastases. He died of heart failure 3 weeks after the diagnosis of cardiac metastasis. Information on these cases should add to knowledge about rarely encountered cardiac metastasis.     

Expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in hepatocytes from rat fibrotic liver

The pathological changes of parasympathetic nerve are considered as an independent prognostic factor of the survival rate of patients with chronic liver disease. The non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchR) agonists and antagonists can affect the proliferation of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, but the subtypes of mAchR expressions in HCs are still uncertain. Here, we investigate the expression of mAchR in hepatic fibrosis on rats. 3 ml/kg 40% carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) was given to induce hepatic fibrosis on rats and the hepatocytes were isolated. Compared to the normal state, the expression levels of m1, 3, 5 in fibrotic liver tissues or hepatocytes were obviously increased, while m2, 4 decreased. 10 μM pilocarpine or 10 μM acetylcholine could increase the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hydroxyproline (Hyp), collagen I, III in the hepatocytes, and decreased albumin (ALB). They also changed the expressions of mAchR similarly as the fibrotic hepatocytes and livers. However, atropine could ameliorate the state of fibrotic hepatocytes. These data indicate that mAchR played an important role in the regulation of hepatic fibrosis process. Targeting mAchR would have therapeutic potential for hepatic fibrosis.     

雷公藤内酯醇诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡及对5-脂氧合酶和凋亡基因表达的影响

目的探讨雷公藤内酯醇(TL)在胰腺癌化学预防和治疗中的应用价值。方法采用人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990作为研究对象,MTT法和吖啶橙(AO)染色分别检测SW1990细胞的增殖和凋亡,采用半定量RT-PCR法检测5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)mRNA、bcl-2 mRNA和bax mRNA的表达。结果10μg/ml的TL对SW1990细胞生长的抑制率达30%以上,0.1μg/mlTL处理24h后,SW1990细胞凋亡指数达38.5%,显著高于对照组的14.97%。5-LOX、bcl-2、bax mRNA表达从0.7160±0.0251,0.2446±0.0311和0.0260±0.0065分别变化为0.2400±0.0316,0.0700±0.0158和0.0700±0.0158。结论TL能抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡,其凋亡机制可能与下调5-LOXmRNA和bcl-2mRNA、上调bax mRNA基因表达有关。     

长三角地区县域金融生态建设研究

金融组织体系不健全、融资渠道狭窄、政府对金融的不当干预、基础设施投融资环境不够完善等,已成为制约长三角地区县域金融生态健康发展的重要因素。昆山在长三角地区县域金融生态建设中具有代表性。目前,昆山市产业发展框架已经形成一定规模,引进和培育了一批优秀企业,在项目来源、产业基础、发展载体等方面为创业投资等科技金融资本的发展打下了良好基础。基于此,文章提出了长三角地区县域金融生态构建的主要途径,即丰富金融生态体系,促使金融生态主体多元化;完善金融生态环境评价指标体系;优化金融生态信用环境;改进金融生态法律与政策环境;创造和谐的金融生态人才环境。     

中国近代体育思想的发展历程及特征

中国近代体育思想在其发展历程中呈现胚胎、萌芽、初步形成、基本成熟、深入发展五种状态。胚胎期思想主体对体育的认识,不是明确的、自觉的,而是隐含在经济、政治和军事思想之中;萌芽期对体育的认识仅限于体育功能、形式等浅层次问题;初步形成期对体育的认识已深入到体育的本质,特征等实质层面;基本成熟期对中国近代体育思想初现完整;深入发展期的近代体育思想具有很强的学科性,明显呈现为以职业体育教育家、体育思想家为主的鲜明的主体特点,使中国近代体育思想的发展达到了一个新的高峰,并独具特色。     

不同媒介消息语言的羡余度考察

"羡余"是"超过传递最少需要量的信息量"。羡余度与信息量,即信息的不确定性(熵值),有关。新闻信息中的羡余成分主要存在于语言编码中。语言羡余分为语言要素的羡余和言语成分的羡余。前者是质的羡余,涉及语言要素的成分性质;后者是量的羡余,涉及言语成分的数量。质的羡余可以借助于负载信息的语言符号出现的频率统计方法,了解新闻文本中这类代表性语言成分的信息度,从而间接了解整个文本质的羡余度。量的羡余可以采取羡余成分出现的数量统计法,及其在全篇信息总量中的比例,直接得出一定文本中语言的羡余度。     

清代后中国文学的历史定位

清代后中国文学的史学定位在现代文学内部划分为民国时期文学和共和国时期文学。与现代文学的意义概念不同的是,民国文学和共和国文学在中国现代文学的框架内都仅仅是一个时间概念。放弃文学史研究的整体主义努力,以多样主义或归纳主义的心态面对历史。中国现代文学的起点在1912年为各种争论的最大公约数,各种起点事件均看着是与起点联系的相关事件。先锋与常态的理论发现为一体两翼的成立找到理论依据。"民国机制"与"民国文学机制"的提出拓展了民国文学的研究思路,但本身却是可商之论。如果我们将民国文学机制改变为"民国文学环境"或者"民国文学生态",那么在民国时期不同时空中不同类型的文学自然会产生于不同的文学环境或生态。