Involvement of water channel Aquaporin 5 in H2S-induced pulmonary edema

Acute exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) poses a significant threat to life, and the lung is one of the primary target organs of H₂S. However, the mechanisms involved in H₂S-induced acute pulmonary edema are poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of H₂S on the expression of water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in AQP5 regulation. In an in vivo study, C57BL6 mice were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of inhaled H₂S, and histological injury of the lungs and ultrastructure injury of the epithelial cells were evaluated. With real-time PCR and western blot assays, we found that H₂S exposure contributed to a significant decrease in AQP5 expression both in murine lung tissue and the A549 cell line, and the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were demonstrated to be implicated in AQP5 regulation. Therefore, adjusting AQP5 protein levels could be considered a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of APE induced by H₂S and other hazardous gases.     

重症监护病房患者参与监督对护士手卫生依从性的影响

目的探讨重症监护病房(ICU)患者参与监督对提高护士手卫生依从性的作用。方法采用现场观察与患者调查的方法调查ICU护士手卫生实施情况,并于2016年2月开始实施干预措施,比较干预后(2016年2—5月)与干预前(2015年11月—2016年1月)ICU护士手卫生依从性。结果共纳入患者81例,干预前组38例,干预后组43例。患者看见、听见或回忆护士进行了手卫生干预前后分别占52.63%(20/38)和88.37%(38/43),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.67,P0.005);ICU护士干预后手卫生依从率在接触患者前后、无菌操作前、接触患者周围环境后4个方面均高于干预前(均P0.01)。结论患者参与对提高ICU护士手卫生依从性切实可行,并值得推广。     

三阴性乳腺癌患者超声造影征象及其与抑癌蛋白P53、细胞角蛋白5/6的关系

目的 探讨三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）患者超声造影征象及其与抑癌蛋白P53、细胞角蛋白5/6（CK5/6）的关系。方法 选取2014年7月—2020年6月于南京医科大学附属江宁医院和南京医科大学第一附属医院超声医学科行乳腺超声造影的98例TNBC患者（研究组）和103例其他分子分型乳腺癌患者（对照组）。患者均接受手术治疗,取TNBC患者术中切除的乳腺癌组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测P53和CK5/6的表达。分析TNBC患者二维超声以及造影征象与P53和CK5/6表达的关系。结果 研究组肿块形态规则、后方回声增强、血流Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级比例患者多于对照组,边缘模糊、有微钙化患者少于对照组（P <0.05）。两组肿块直径、纵横比比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。研究组高增强、增强后结节范围扩大不明显、有充盈缺损患者多于对照组,有均匀增强患者少于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患者有无穿支血管比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。血流分级Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者P53阳性率高于血流分级0级、I级患者（P <0.05）,边缘清晰患者CK5/6阳性率高于边缘模糊患者（P <0.05）。高增强患者P53阳性率低于等/低/无增强患者（P <0.05）,增强后结节范围扩大不明显患者CK5/6阳性率高于增强后结节范围扩大明显患者（P <0.05）。结论 TNBC超声造影征象与其他分子分型乳腺癌具有显著差异,P53、CK5/6表达与TNBC超声造影征象具有一定关系。     

静脉注射丙种球蛋白在新生儿疾病中的应用

新生儿是人类迈向独立生存的初始阶段,需面对各种各样的挑战和难关,如感染关,但作为主力军的免疫系统发育不完善,防御薄弱、抵抗力不足,易罹患感染性疾病如新生儿感染性肺炎、新生儿败血症、新生儿化脓性脑膜炎、新生儿病毒性脑炎、新生儿肠道病毒性心肌炎等,这些疾病的发生发展影响着新生儿的生存质量,严重者会影响患儿预后,增加家庭负担;同时,新生儿体内从母体血液中获得的还未代谢完成的自身免疫性抗体会造成新生儿的免疫损伤如新生儿溶血病、新生儿红斑狼疮、新生儿血色素沉着症、新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症、新生儿同种免疫性中性粒细胞减少症、暂时性新生儿重症肌无力等,母源性免疫性疾病部分会随着抗体的代谢完全而缓解,但过渡阶段仍会提升新生儿死亡率。另外,还有一类与免疫功能紊乱相关的疾病如川崎病、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病、新生儿自身免疫性水疱病、巨噬细胞活化综合征、吉兰-巴雷综合征、僵人综合征等,虽新生儿群体不是其好发人群,但也会偶现其中一种或几种疾病,影响患儿生命。这三大类疾病均可通过静脉注射丙种球蛋白的辅助治疗获得有益的效果。此外,静脉注射丙种球蛋白制剂具有某些病原体的抗体活性,对免疫接种具有一定影响。故本文就丙种球蛋白在新生儿疾病中应用的潜在机制进行综述。      

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains inconclusive.We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment.The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis.Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and women.The thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.     

Association of thrombospondin-1 gene polymorphisms with myocardial infarction in a Chinese Han population

Thrombospondins （TSPs） are a family of multidomain extracellular matrix glycoproteins, which consist offive members at present, TSP-1, -2, -3, -4 and TSP-5. TSP-1, which is synthesized and secreted by activated platelets and a variety of cell types including endothelial cells, macrophages, monotypes, fibroblasts, tumor cells and vascular smooth muscular cells, is the best characterized family member./ TSP-1 participates in a wide range of biological responses, including platelet activation and aggregation, vascular smooth muscular cell proliferation and migration, endothelial cell apoptosis and angiogenesis.l-3 TSP-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease （CAD）/myocardial infarction （MI）.4-7     

Effect of valsartan on the expression of angiotensin II receptors in the lung of chronic antigen exposure rats

Background Many studies have suggested that angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ） and its receptors may be involved in the development of asthma. However, the expression of angiotensin Ⅱ receptors （AGTR） is not clear in the lung tissue of chronic asthmatics. This study was designed to determine the relationship between airway remodeling, dysfunction and the expression of AGTRs in a rat model of asthma. Methods Rats were sensitized with ovalbumin （OVA） for 2 weeks. Sixty minutes before an inhalation challenge, the rats were pretreated either with valsartan （15, 30, 50 mg.kg-1.d-1） or saline intragastrically. Then the rats received an OVA challenge for 30 alternative days. Acetylcholine （Ach）-induced bronchoconstriction was measured after the final antigen challenge. White cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and morphological changes in the airways were then assessed. The levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 （TGF-β1） and platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF） in BALF were detected by ELISA. The levels of AGTR1 and AGTR2 mRNA and protein in lung tissues were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results AGTR1 mRNA and protein levels in repeatedly OVA-challenged rats were significantly increased as compared with negative controls. The AGTR1 mRNA expression versus white cell counts of BALF and airway wall thickness （mainly in small airways） in lungs of chronic antigen-exposed rats were positively correlated. Valsartan decreased the level of AGTR1 in repeatedly OVA-challenged rats. However, AGTR2 mRNA and protein levels in the OVA-challenged rats and high-dose valsartan-treated rats （50 mg.kg-1.d-1） were also increased. Valsartan significantly decreased inflammatory cell accumulation and attenuated Ach-evoked bronchoconstriction in repeatedly antigen-challenged rats. Valsartan also decreased allergen-induced structural changes in rat airway （including total airway wall thickness and smooth muscle area） and the levels of TGF-β1 and PDGF in BALE Conclusions AGTR     

Cigarette smoking and the risk of endometrial cancer:A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE:Epidemiologic findings are inconsistent concerning the association of endometrial cancer risk with cigarette smoking.We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to examine this relation.METHODS:A systematic literature search up to June of 2007 was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE.Study-specific risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model.RESULTS:Ten prospective and 24 case-control studies were included in the analysis of the effect of ever smoking.Ever smoking was statistically significantly associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer among prospective studies(relative risk 0.81;95% confidence interval[CI],0.74-0.88) and case-control studies(odds ratio 0.72;95% CI,0.66-0.79).The inverse association was significant among current and former smokers.Six prospective and 6 case-control studies were included in the quantitative analysis.We noted that an increase in smoking of 20 cigarettes per day was statistically significantly associated with 16% and 27% reduced risks of endometrial cancer in prospective and case-control studies,respectively.We also found that cigarette smoking was significantly associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women(relative risk 0.71;95% CI,0.65-0.78) but not among premenopausal women.In addition,the risk reduction seemed to be stronger among hormone replacement therapy users than nonusers.CONCLUSION:Cigarette smoking was found to be significantly associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer,especially among postmenopausal women.(C) 2008 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.