MicroRNA与糖尿病肾病

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,Micro RNA通过调控细胞外基质蛋白合成、肾小管上皮-间充质转分化及足细胞功能参与糖尿病肾病的发生。此外,它们可作为潜在的糖尿病的生物标志物和治疗靶点。本文针对Micro RNA在糖尿病肾病方面的研究进展做一综述,目的在于从分子水平为糖尿病肾病的诊断和治疗提供新的思路和研究方向。     

饶河地区野生动物携带病毒的基因分型及序列特征分析

目的 确定当前饶河地区宿主动物所携带病原体的基因型别,分析其变异情况,对该地区自然宿主动物的感染情况进行监测。方法 使用TRIZOL法提取待测样本RNA,经RT-PCR扩增后对PCR产物进行核苷酸序列测定。应用DNAStar软件包对核苷酸序列进行同源性比较,构建系统进化树和氨基酸序列的比对。结果 在饶河地区,除褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)以外,松鼠(Sciurus vulgaris)也携带SEOV。本次从3只褐家鼠和1只松鼠体内分离出汉城型汉坦病毒(Seoul virus, SEOV),4株SEOV的遗传距离范围为0.00~0.01,与黑龙江地区常见SEOV病毒株亲缘关系较近。结论 黑龙江地区的气候和自然地理条件非常适合携带汉坦病毒(HV)宿主动物的生存和繁殖,但是随着人们生活条件的改善,禁止伐木狩猎,家鼠和野鼠与人类交集的逐渐减小,肾综合征出血热(HFRS)在黑龙江省暴发的概率也越来越小。     

Cervitec治疗老年人因牙齿磨损致牙本质过敏症的疗效观察

目的：评价cervitec治疗老年人因牙齿磨损引发的牙本质敏感症的临床疗效。方法：对老年人敏感牙齿分别用cervitec（实验组66颗）和75％氟化钠甘油糊剂（对照组62颗）进行脱敏,4次为一个疗程,观察其即刻、1个月、3个月的疗效。结果：实验组与对照组在即刻疗效上的差异无统计学意义,在1个月、3个月的疗效,两者间差异具有统计学意义。结论：cervitec在治疗老年人因牙齿磨损引发的牙本质过敏症中短期疗效显著。     

Long‐term outcome of phenobarbital treatment for epilepsy in rural China: A prospective cohort study

Purpose: To evaluate the long‐term outcome of phenobarbital treatment for convulsive epilepsy in rural China, and to explore factors associated with overall seizure outcomes. Methods: We carried out follow‐up assessments of people who took part in an epilepsy community management program conducted in rural counties of six provinces in China. People with convulsive epilepsy who were previously untreated (or on irregular treatment) were commenced on regular treatment with phenobarbital. Information was collected using a standardized questionnaire by face‐to‐face interviews of the individuals (and their families where necessary). Information collected included treatment status, medication change, seizure frequency, and mortality. Key Findings: Among the 2,455 people who participated in the original program, outcomes were successfully ascertained during the follow‐up assessment in 1986. Among them, 206 had died. Information on treatment response was obtained in 1,780 (56% male; mean age 33.9 years, range 3–84; mean duration of follow‐up 6.4 years). Among them, 939 (53%) were still taking phenobarbital. The most common reasons for stopping phenobarbital were seizure freedom or substantial seizure reduction, socioeconomic reasons, and personal preference. Four hundred fifty‐three individuals (25%) became seizure‐free for at least 1 year while taking phenobarbital, 88% of whom did so at daily doses of 120 mg or below. Four hundred six (23%) reported adverse events, which led to withdrawal of phenobarbital in <1%. The most common adverse effects were malaise/somnolence (7.4%), dizziness (3%), and lethargy (2.6%). At the follow‐up assessment, 688 (39%) individuals had been seizure free for at least the previous year. People with persistent seizures had significantly longer duration of epilepsy and higher number of seizures in the 12 months before treatment. People who were taking AED treatment irregularly at recruitment were less likely to become seizure‐free. Significance: We observed long‐term benefits of regular treatment with phenobarbital for convulsive epilepsy in rural China. One hundred years after the discovery of its antiepileptic effect, phenobarbital is still playing an important role in the management of epilepsy.     

普罗布考对糖基化终末产物引发心脏微血管内皮功能紊乱的作用

目的:观察普罗布考（probucol）对糖基化终末产物（AGEs）作用后的心脏微血管内皮细胞iNOS表达的影响。方法: 原代培养心脏微血管内皮细胞,AGEs（100 mg/L）体外模拟高糖环境,在probucol(5 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L) 作用后,检测ROS、NO和iNOS变化情况。结果: 与AGEs组比较,probucol组中ROS蛋白表达降低,NO生成增加,而 iNOS蛋白表达降低,且显示有浓度依赖性。结论: probucol可能通过对抗氧化应激的途径,缓解AGEs引发的心脏微血管内皮功能障碍。     

Cell Therapy for Left Ventricular Dysfunction: An Overview for Cardiac Clinicians

Cell therapies specifically targeting heart failure could greatly decrease morbidity and burgeoning health care costs worldwide. Due to the great number of cell types being investigated, navigating the cardiovascular regeneration field can be difficult. This brief review gives an overview of the main cell types being explored for cardiac cell therapy. These include populations from extra-cardiac sources (skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow or adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells as well as newly discovered cardiac stem cell populations (isl1⁺, c-kit⁺, sca1⁺, sca1⁺/pdgfrα⁺, cardiosphere derived, cardiac side-population and epicardium derived cells). Although clinical trials using both groups of cell sources have been performed, the vast majority of studies have used bone marrow mononuclear cells. The current wave of clinical trials includes large studies refining specifics of bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy and early phase trials of mesenchymal stem cell and cardiac stem cell populations. Embryonic stem cell derived therapies are being studied in large animal models with the aim of swift progression to clinical trials. Lessons learnt from the intense investigation in this infant field have resulted in rapid translational progress and it is likely that several clinical products/protocols for cardiac repair will be available in the not too distant future.     

电针联合脂肪源性干细胞移植对脑缺血/再灌注大鼠SDF-1和CXCR4表达的影响

目的探讨电针联合脂肪源性干细胞(ADSC)移植对大鼠缺血/再灌注损伤后趋化因子SDF-1及其受体CXCR4的影响。方法成年大鼠随机分为模型组、电针组、ADSC移植组、电针+ADSC组。线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血(MCAO)2h再灌注模型,电针组取大椎穴和内关穴行电针治疗。ADSC组尾静脉注射PKH26标记的ADSC细胞悬液,电针+ADSC组联合电针和AD-SC移植治疗。缺血7d后行神经功能损害评分(NSS),采用Western bolt法及实时荧光定量PCR检测海马区SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白和mRNA表达。结果电针+ADSC组海马区PKH-26标记的细胞个数高于ADSC组(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,电针组、ADSC组和电针+ADSC组NSS评分均显著降低,海马区SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白和mRNA表达增加(P<0.05)。其中电针+ADSC组较电针组和ADSC组NSS评分显著降低,而SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白和mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05)。结论电针联合脂肪源性干细胞移植促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能恢复作用优于单独治疗组,其机制可能与电针上调脑海马区SDF-1和CXCR4表达,促进移植的ADSC迁移和存活有关。     

肌皮瓣法下睑袋修复术经验总结

目的:总结过去20年治疗下睑袋的经验。方法:对本组689例下睑袋患者,根据具体情况、采用肌皮瓣法、结合眶隔固定、收紧缝合、眼轮匝肌悬吊等步骤进行手术治疗,手术后随访1～5年,结果:所有受术者下睑袋消失、局部皮肤皱褶减少、外形明显改善。结论:下睑袋整形手术适合任何年龄,但必须结合眶隔收紧缝合,眼轮匝肌悬吊等手术步骤,术后效果满意。     

高频超声对膝关节半月板急慢性损伤的诊断价值分析

目的分析探讨高频超声对膝关节半月板急慢性损伤的诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2018年2月牡丹江医学院第二附属医院收治的50例膝关节半月板急慢性损伤患者(设为研究组)及50例健康体检者(设为对照组)作为研究对象,应用高频超声检测其膝关节滑膜厚度、髌上囊积液深度及滑膜血流状况,并予以对比。结果研究组患者膝关节半月板在基线外侧较为突出且可见点状或条状强回声区,内侧副韧带变形,部分患者伴有不同程度的水肿,滑膜厚度为(6.25±2.20) mm,髌上囊积液深度为(7.35±1.45) mm,滑膜血流为0级者23例、Ⅰ级者12例、Ⅱ级者12例、Ⅲ级者3例;对照组研究对象膝关节半月板回声强度中等且均匀,边缘清晰,滑膜厚度为(1. 10±0.46) mm,髌上囊积液深度为(2. 12±0.43) mm,滑膜血流为0级者38例、Ⅰ级者12例。两组研究对象膝关节滑膜厚度、髌上囊积液深度及滑膜血流状况对比,P均0.01,差异具有统计学意义。结论高频超声对膝关节滑膜厚度、髌上囊积液及滑膜血流均较敏感,在膝关节半月板急慢性损伤的诊断中特异性较高,且操作简便,可作为膝关节半月板急慢性损伤的首选诊断方法予以推广、普及。     

大面积烧伤患者康复期下肢动脉血流动力学变化的研究

目的探讨大面积烧伤患者康复期下肢动脉的血流动力学变化规律。方法选取2016年7月至2018年7月牡丹江医学院第二附属医院收治的30例大面积烧伤康复期患者及同期进行健康体检的30名健康受试者作为研究对象,并分别将其设定为研究组与对照组,检测其股动脉、股浅动脉及足背动脉的管腔内径、搏动频率、舒张末期最低血流速度及收缩期峰值血流速度,计算血流阻力指数,并予以对比。结果研究组研究对象股动脉、股浅动脉及足背动脉的搏动频率、收缩期峰值血流速度及血流阻力指数均显著高于对照组,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;而管腔内径无明显差异,P 0.05,差异无统计学意义。即大面积烧伤康复期患者部分下肢动脉发生血流动力学改变,其搏动频率增快、血流阻力增强。结论大面积烧伤患者康复期下肢动脉血流动力学变化明显,值得临床医生进一步深入研究,以指导烧伤患者康复期的临床治疗。