三种手术方式治疗cT1N0期甲状腺癌的近期疗效及安全性比较

目的对比三种手术方式治疗cT1N0期甲状腺癌的近期疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性队列研究2017年1月至2019年5月73例cT1N0期甲状腺癌患者资料,根据术式不同分为3组。25例患者纳入开放组,将实施全乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗的24例患者纳入全乳晕组,将经口腔前庭入路腔镜手术治疗的24例患者纳入经口腔组。采用SPSS23.0软件进行处理,围术期相关指标、视觉模拟评估量表(VAS)、Vancouver疤痕评定量表(VSS)评分以( ±s)表示,多组间采用单因素方差分析;疗效、并发症用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果经口腔组、全乳晕组治疗总有效率(91.7%、87.5%)均比开放组(64.0%)高(P<0.05);经口腔组、全乳晕组手术时间长于开放组(P<0.05),但术中出血量、术后引流量及术后住院时间均比开放组低(P<0.05);经口腔组术后3 d、1个月的VAS评分、VSS评分<全乳晕组<开放组(P<0.05);经口腔组、全乳晕组并发症发生率(8.3%、8.3%)比开放组低(32.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论相比开放手术,腔镜下甲状腺手术治疗cT1N0期甲状腺癌的疗效更佳、并发症更少、住院时间更短,可作为优选治疗方案。     

Comparative analysis of functional and aesthetic outcomes of retroauricular full thickness versus plantar glabrous split thickness skin grafts in pediatric palmar hand burns

BackgroundOptimal management of palmar hand burns in children is controversial. We aimed to compare function and aesthetics of retroauricular full thickness skin grafts (FTSG) to plantar glabrous split thickness skin grafts (STSG).Methods32 palmar grafts in paediatric burn patients were analysed: 19 retroauricular FTSG (group 1) and 13 thick plantar glabrous STSG (group 2). The latter were harvested at a thickness of 0.5 mm. The resulting plantar donor defects were covered with a STSG from the scalp, a sequential surgical technique we termed the “Zurich move”. Clinical examination, Cutometer and Colorimeter assessment and validated patient and observer questionnaires were used. Donor site complications and subjective complaints were recorded.ResultsColorimeter results were superior in group 2 with an erythema score of 5.73 ± 2.64 (group 1) versus 2.33 ± 1.97 (group 2, p < 0.001) and a pigmentation score of 9.82 ± 5.42 (group 1) and 1.89 ± 1.92 (group 2, p < 0.001). Observers` scar evaluation using VSS and POSAS showed significantly superior results in group 2 for almost all items. Conversely, group 1 grafts were less stiff with mean normalized tissue extension R0 of 0.80 ± 0.21 versus 0.57 ± 0.24 in group 2 grafts (p < 0.05). In both groups donor sites complications were rare.ConclusionPlantar glabrous STSG showed superior functional and aesthetic results when compared to FTSG in pediatric palmar hand burns. In addition, the “Zurich Move” is safe and provides uncomplicated donor site healing on the scalp and the foot allowing rapid restoration of full function.     

可注射水凝胶治疗眼科疾病的研究进展

眼部结构的特殊性使眼科疾病的治疗面临很多阻碍。水凝胶作为一种具备多维应用潜能的高分子材料,有着可控的力学性能及生物性能,是组织工程、生物工程等领域的研究热点。水凝胶良好的透明性、安全性、兼容性也提示了水凝胶在眼科领域广阔的研究前景。目前已应用于眼科的水凝胶有人工泪液、药物载体、黏附剂等。本综述介绍了可注射水凝胶在制作、性能及应用方面的特点,概述了可注射水凝胶作为药物载体、组织黏附剂、空间填充剂以及细胞载体在眼科疾病中的应用进展及挑战,特别介绍了可注射水凝胶近年来在角膜外伤、青光眼、白内障、视网膜脱离及年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病治疗方面的研究。     

Efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy for treatment of bipolar I depression: a randomized,double-blind,placebo controlled study

Rationale and objective

Depression symptoms are now recognized to be the predominant cause of disability for bipolar disorder (BD) patients. The treatment strategies for the depressed phase of BD remain more anecdotal than data-based. Olanzapine has been investigated as an alternative to antidepressants and a mood stabilizer for acute bipolar depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy for bipolar I depression.

Method

Sixty-eight patients with bipolar I depression were randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine (mean final dose 14.4 mg/day) (n?=?34) or placebo (n?=?34) in a double-blind parallel-group study design. Planned assessments included Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I), Hamilton Depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety scale (HAMA), and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS).

Results

Of the 68 patients who were randomly assigned, 57 (83.8 %) completed treatments. Improvements in MADRS total score, CGI-S, CGI-I, and HAMD in the olanzapine group were significantly greater relative to those in the placebo group during the 8-week follow-up period (p?<?0.001, p?=?0.0017, p?=?0.007, and p?<?0.001, respectively). Rates of categorical treatment response and remission in the olanzapine group (50.0 % and 35.3 %, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the placebo group (20.6 %, p?=?0.011 and 11.8 %, p?=?0.022, respectively). At the 8-week treatment, the mean weight and the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly in the olanzapine group (p?=?0.037, p?=?0.029, p?=?0.030, and p?=?0.028, respectively).

Conclusions

Olanzapine is effective in the treatment of bipolar I depression but is associated with significant metabolic side effects.     

Multichannel Imaging to Quantify Four Classes of Pharmacokinetic Distribution in Tumors

Low and heterogeneous delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumors results in decreased efficacy and poor imaging results. Systemic delivery involves a complex interplay of drug properties and physiological factors, and heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment makes predicting and overcoming these limitations exceptionally difficult. Theoretical models have indicated that there are four different classes of pharmacokinetic behavior in tissue, depending on the fundamental steps in distribution. In order to study these limiting behaviors, we used multichannel fluorescence microscopy and stitching of high‐resolution images to examine the distribution of four agents in the same tumor microenvironment. A validated generic partial differential equation model with a graphical user interface was used to select fluorescent agents exhibiting these four classes of behavior, and the imaging results agreed with predictions. BODIPY‐FL exhibited higher concentrations in tissue with high blood flow, cetuximab gave perivascular distribution limited by permeability, high plasma protein and target binding resulted in diffusion‐limited distribution for Hoechst 33342, and Integrisense 680 was limited by the number of binding sites in the tissue. Together, the probes and simulations can be used to investigate distribution in other tumor models, predict tumor drug distribution profiles, and design and interpret in vivo experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3276–3286, 2014     

The role of obstructive sleep apnea on the prognosis of pulmonary embolism: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Sleep and Breathing - The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported by some studies but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to...     

A Multiple Indicators Multiple Cause (MIMIC) Model of Respiratory Health and Household Factors in Chinese Children: The Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) Study

In China, with the rapid economic development and improvement of living standards over the past few decades, the household living environment has shifted dramatically. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of home environment factors on respiratory symptoms and asthma in Chinese children. Investigators analyzed data collected in the 25 districts from the seven Northeastern cities to examine health effects on respiratory symptoms and asthma in 31,049 children aged 2–14 years. Factor analysis was used to reduce 33 children’s lifestyle and household variables to six new ‘factor’ variables. The multiple indicators multiple causes approach was used to examine the relationship between indoor air pollution and respiratory health status, controlling for covariates. Factor analyses generated six factor variables of potential household risk factors from an original list of 33 variables. The respiratory symptoms and asthma were significantly associated with the recent home renovation factor (estimate = 0.076, p < 0.001), pet ownership factor (estimate = 0.095, p < 0.001), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure factor (estimate = 0.181, p < 0.001) and PVC-flooring factor (estimate = 0.031, p = 0.007). Home ventilation factor was not related to any respiratory condition (estimate = 0.028, p = 0.074). Independent respiratory health effects existed for multiple household environmental factors recent home renovation, pet ownership, ETS, and PVC-flooring.     

流感病毒感染小鼠肺巨噬细胞Dll1和MHC Ⅰ表达研究

目的探讨小鼠肺巨噬细胞Dll1及MHC Ⅰ与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）为主的细胞免疫应答的关系,为制备有效的新型抗流感病毒疫苗提供理论依据。方法将小鼠随机分为3组,异型免疫组（用rL H5株重组二联活疫苗免疫）、同型免疫组（用A/H1N1流感病毒免疫）和未免疫感染组（用PBS代替疫苗）,不同疫苗免疫小鼠后均感染A/H1N1型流感病毒,比较3组小鼠肺巨噬细胞Notch Dll1及MHC Ⅰ表达情况,并研究干扰素（IFN） γ、T细胞水平变化。结果异型免疫组感染4 d和7 d后,肺巨噬细胞Notch Dll1［分别为（0.01460±0.00125）和（0.01750±0.00196）］ 及MHC Ⅰ mRNA 表达水平［分别为（0.03050±0.0029）和（0.0495±0.0024）］显著高于感染前［分别为(0.00045±0.00004)和(0.0120±0.0018)］,未免疫感染组感染4 d和7 d后Notch Dll1［分别为（0.01010±0.00107）和（0.01320±0.00143）］和MHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平［分别为（0.0219±0.0024）和（0.0248±0.0022）］均高于感染前［分别为(0.00032±0.00007)和(0.0090±0.0013)］;异型免疫组感染4 d和7 d,后Notch Dll1和MHC Ⅰ mRNA表达水平均高于同型免疫组［感染4 d和7 d后,Notch Dll1分别为（0.00089±0.00018）和（0.00143±0.00096）,MHC Ⅰ mRNA分别为（0.0038±0.0008）和（0.0008±0.0002）及未免疫感染组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。感染后第7天,异型免疫组IFN γ、CD8+T细胞的百分比含量为（3.31±0.34）%,高于同型免疫组和未免疫感染组［分别为（0.38±0.06）%和（1.58±0.27）%］;感染后第5 天,异型免疫组流感病毒量为［（6.26×105）±（3.7×105）］copies/μL,低于未免疫感染组［（6.85×107）±（2×107）］copies/μL,而高于同型免疫组（400±250）copies/μL (均P<0.05)。结论小鼠肺巨噬细胞Dll1及MHC Ⅰ的表达可能在以CTL为主流感病毒异型交叉保护免疫应答反应中起重要作用。     

类h指数研究综述

本文对基于h指数的60个类h指数所侧重的评价指向进行了分类,探讨了部分类h指数的优点和局限性,列举了类h指数的相关实证研究,以期为h指数及其衍生指数的深入研究及合理应用提供参考.