Individual and combined relationship of serum uric acid and alanine aminotransferase on metabolic syndrome in adults in Qingdao,China

Background and aimsAssociations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum uric acid (SUA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain controversial. We aimed to explore individual and combined effects of ALT and SUA on MetS in community residents.Methods and resultsA population-based cross-sectional survey involving randomly selected Chinese adults aged 35–74 years was conducted in 2009 in Qingdao, China, and 4642 participants were included in the current study. Based on a combination of SUA and ALT levels in the tertile, subjects were grouped into Group 1-9. The individual and combined relations of SUA and ALT to MetS were analyzed by logistic regression models. The prevalence of MetS was 28.50% in males and 22.30% in females. ALT and SUA were independently associated with MetS and ORs (95% CIs) were 1.55 (1.42–1.70) and 1.92 (1.72–2.14), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. With the elevation of ALT and SUA levels, the risk of developing MetS increased. Compared to Group 1, ORs (95% CIs) of combined ALT and SUA for MetS were 2.21 (1.70–2.88), 4.02 (3.10–5.21), 2.19 (1.62–2.97), 2.53 (1.91–3.34), 4.69 (3.60–6.12), 1.76 (1.17–2.64), 3.65 (2.63–5.06) and 7.15 (5.41–9.46) in Group 2–9, respectively.ConclusionsALT and SUA were both related to MetS independently. Combined elevation of ALT and SUA levels could increase the risk of MetS and its components than an elevation in SUA and ALT alone. Therefore, measures should be taken to lower SUA and ALT levels to reduce the risk of having MetS.     

The accuracy of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for the screening of metabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AimsTo investigate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a novel surrogate index of insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Data synthesisStudies that report the TyG index in adult subjects with and without MetS were included. Thirteen observational articles were included in this study, with a total of 49,325 participants. Two different categories of meta-analyses were performed. First, the means of the TyG index were compared in participants with and without MetS. The pooled mean difference (MD) of the TyG index between groups was 0.83 units (CI 95: 0.74–0.92, I2 = 98, P-value < 0.001), and the subgroup analyses showed MD significantly differed based on the MetS diagnostic criteria. The pooled MD were 0.80 units (CI 95: 0.70–0.91, I2 = %88, P-value < 0.001) and 0.82 units (CI 95: 0.79–0.86, I2 = %0, P-value > 0.767) for studies reported data for males and females individual, respectively. Second bivariate diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) meta-analysis was performed and determined that the TyG index's pooled sensitivity and specificity for screening of MetS were 80% (CI95: 75%–84%, I2 = 87%, P-value < 0.001) and 81% (CI95: 77%–84%, I2 = 90.45%, P-value < 0.001), respectively. Summary receiver-operating characteristics (sROC) curves were also plotted with the area under the sROC curve of 0.87 (CI 95: 0.84–0.90).ConclusionsThe TyG index is a sensitive and specific index for MetS and may be valuable for MetS screening.ProsperoCRD42022316209.     

USP22参与雌激素受体α基因转录调控及其在血管钙化中的作用

目的 证实去泛素化酶USP22参与雌激素受体α(ERα)介导的基因转录调控进而在血管钙化中发挥重要作用。方法 将人主动脉平滑肌细胞(hASMC)分别接种于正常培养基、含1.25 mmol/L CAL、2.5 mmol/L CAL、5 mmol/L CAL的培养基中培养0、3、7、9天。用1%/2%茜素红染色,倒置相差显微镜观察钙化情况;在5 mmol/L CAL条件下培养0、3、7、9天,Western blot实验检测钙化相关蛋白骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)、核因子κB的受体激活剂配体(RANKL)、环氧合酶2(COX-2)、vitk依赖的分泌性蛋白(Gas6)、ERα的蛋白表达;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测在hASMC中,USP22是否参与ERα介导的基因转录调控;过表达USP22,Western blot实验检测钙化相关因子BMP-2、RANKL、COX-2、Gas6和ERα的蛋白表达。结果 在1.25 mmol/L CAL条件下培养到第9天,hASMC有明显的钙沉积;在2.5 mmol/L CAL、5 mmol/L CAL条件下培养到第7天hASMC出现钙沉积,第9天有明显钙沉积。hASMC在5 mmol/L CAL培养条件下,RANKL、BMP-2、USP22蛋白表达增加。双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测结果表明,在hASMC中USP22抑制ERα介导的基因转录调控;Western blot实验结果显示,过表达USP22,ERα的下游基因Gas6蛋白表达减少。结论 在5 mmol/L CAL培养的条件下,hASMC钙化模型建立成功;USP22可能通过抑制ERα介导的下游基因Gas6的基因转录进而促进hASMC钙化。     

Expression of gastric cancer—associated MG7 antigen in gastric cancer,precancerous lesions and H.pylori—associated gastric diseases

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the antigen MG7 antigen expression and gastric cancer as well as precancerous condition; to study the relationship between the MG7 antigen expression and H. pyloriinfection in benign gastric lesions in order to find out the effect of H. pylori infection on the process of gastric cancer development.METHODS: The level of MG7 antigen expression was determined by immunohistochemical method in 383 gastric biopsied materials. The intestinal metaplasia was determined by histochemistry method. The H. pyloriinfection was determined by HE stain, PCR and ELISA in 291 specimens, among which only 34 cases of H. pylori-associated gastric lesions were followed up.RESULTS: The positive rate of MG7 expression in normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer increased gradually in ascending order (P＜0.01). The positive rate of MG7 antigen expression in type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was higher than that of type Ⅰand Ⅱ intestinal metaplasia, being highly significant (P＜0.05).The positive rate of MG7 antigen expression in superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer increased gradually (11.9 %, 64.8 %, 91.2 %, P＜0.01). There was no significant difference between H.pylori-negative and H. pyloripositive intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis and dysplasia of gastric epithelium in the positive rate of MG7 antigen expression. There was no expression of MG7 antigen in H. pylori-negative superficial gastritis. The positive rate of MG7 expression in H. pylori-positive superficial gastritis was 20.5 %, and the difference between them was significant (P＜0.05). During following up, one of the three H. pylori negative cases turned positive again, and its MG7 antigen expression turned to be stronger correspondingly. 3 of 31 H. pyloripositive cases were detected as early gastric cancer, among which one with "+++" MG7 antigen expression was diminished after H. pylori eradication.CONCLUSION: MG7 antigen expression is highly specific in gastric cancer and can be used as a good marker for screening of gastric cancer; type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis and dysplasia should be followed up and MG7 antigen expression has high clinical value in the dynamic follow-up study; although the positive -MG7 in positiveH. pylorisuperficial gastritis show benign morphology in features, there is still the potential risk of developing into gastric cancer, hence special attention should be paid to those showing increasing MG7 antigen expression.     

罗格列酮对老年胰岛素抵抗小鼠骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖转运体4转位的影响

目的 探讨罗格列酮对胰岛素刺激的老年胰岛素抵抗（IR）小鼠骨骼肌细胞葡萄糖转运体4（GLUT4）转位的影响.方法 18月龄雌性C57BL/6J老年小鼠30只,随机平均分成三组：老年普通膳食组,老年IR组喂养高脂肪膳食（58%脂肪,21%蛋白,21%碳水化合物）,罗格列酮组给予高脂肪膳食的同时服用罗格列酮,同时设立青年组.16 w后提取各组小鼠完整的骨骼肌束,在胰岛素浓度为10-7的缓冲液中孵育30min.用超速蔗糖梯度离心方法分离细胞内膜和外膜的匀浆,用Western blot方法检测各组小鼠骨骼肌细胞内、外膜GLUT4蛋白水平.结果 老年对照组小鼠胰岛素刺激的GLUT4转位功能较青年组明显下降（P＜0.05）,老年IR组的内、外膜GLUT4蛋白总量及GLUT4转位均较老年对照组降低（P＜0.05）,而罗格列酮组的GLUT4转位较IR组有明显的上升（P＜0.05）.结论 罗格列酮增加了细胞内膜GLUT4向细胞外膜的转位.     

Relationship between phenotypes of cell-function differentiation and pathobiological behavior of gastric carcinomas

AIM To reveal the correlation between thefunctional differentiation phenotypes of gastriccarcinoma cells and the invasion and metastasisby a new way of cell-function classification.METHODS Surgically resected specimens of361 gastric carcinomas (GC) were investigatedwith enzyme-, mucin-, and tumor-related markerimmunohistochemistry. According to thedirection of cell-function differentiation,stomach carcinomas were divided into fivefunctionally differentiated types.RESULTS ① Absorptive function different-iation type (AFDT): there were 82 (22.7%)patients including 76 (92.7%) aged 45 years.Sixty-nine (84.1%) cases belonged to theintestinal type. Thirty-eight (46.3%) expressedCD44v6 and 9 (13.6%) of 66 male patientsdeveloped liver metastasis. The 5-year survivalrate of patients in this group (58.5%) was higherthan those with the other types (P<0.01). ②Mucin secreting function differentiation type(MSFDT): 54 (15%) cases. Fifty-three (98.1%)tumors had penetrated the serosa, 12 (22.2%)expressed ER and 22 (40.7%) expressedCD44v6. The postoperative 5-year survival ratewas 28.6%. ③ Absorptive and mucin-producingfunction differentiation type (AMPFDT): there were 180 (49.9%) cases, including 31 (17.2%)aged yanger than 45 years. The tumor was morecommon in women (62, 34.4%,) and expressedmore frequently estrogen receptors (ER) (129,81.7%) than other types (P<0.01). Ovarymetastasis was found in 12 (19.4%) out of 62female subjects. The patients with this type GChad the lowest 5-year survival rate (24.7%)among all types. ① Specific functiondifferentiation type (SFDT) : 13 (3.6%) cases.Nine (69.2%) tumors of this type derived fromAPUD system, the other 4 (30.7%) were ofdifferent histological differentiation. Sixty percent of the patients survived at least five years.⑤ Non-function differentiation type (NFDT): 32(8.9%) cases. Nineteen (59.4%) cases hadlymph node metastases but no one with liver orovary metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was28.1%.CONCLUSION This new cell-functionclassification of GC is helpful in indicating thecharacteristics of invasion and metastasis of GCwith different cell-function differentiationphenotypes, Further study is needed to disclosethe correlation between the cell-functionaldifferentiation phenotypes and the relevantgenotypes and the biological behavior of gastriccarcinoma.     

Expression of interferon inducible protein-10 in pancreas of mice

AIM: To investigate the expression of interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) in pancreas of mice and to discuss its possible role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.METHODS: Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were used as experiment group and BALB/c mice as non-diabetic prone model. Immunohistochemistry method was used to evaluate the expression of IP-10 in the pancreas of NOD mice and BALB/c mice. Immunoelectron microscope was used to show the location of IP-10 in pancreatic islet β cells.RESULTS: Pancreatic islets were positively stained in all the NOD mice. Insulitis could be found in mice at the age of 4 wk. The weakly positive results were found in control group with no insulitis. Immunoelectron microscopy further demonstrated that IP-10 was produced by pancreatic β cells and stored in cytoplasm of the cells.CONCLUSION: IP-10 can be largely produced in pancreatic islets of NOD mice at the age of 2 wk when there is no significant insulitis, and may play an important part in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes by attracting immune cells to infiltrate the pancreatic islets.     

高血脂小鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子的检测及相关性分析

目的建立高血脂动物模型,探讨高血脂相关免疫损伤和炎症反应机制。方法将40只BALB/C小鼠随机分成高脂组和对照组,观察脂质代谢变化,同时采用流式细胞微球芯片捕获技术检测Th1/Th2细胞因子变化。结果高脂组血清中白细胞介素2、白细胞介素4、白细胞介素5、肿瘤坏死因子α和干扰素γ水平分别为3.75±0.07、6.16±0.55、18.70±4.61、57.97±6.57及6.17±0.76ng/L。与对照组比较,高脂组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、白细胞介素5和肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显升高(P<0.01),而干扰素γ、白细胞介素2和白细胞介素4两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);白细胞介素5与肿瘤坏死因子α呈正相关(r=0.79,P<0.05)。结论免疫损伤、炎症反应机制在高血脂动脉硬化发病机制中具有重要作用,并和高血脂协同致病。     

Clinicopathological significance of p53 and mdm2 protein expression in human pancreatic cancer

AIM: To study the clinicopathological significance of p53 and mdm2 protein expression in human pancreatic cancer. METHODS: To investigate the expression of p53 and mdm2 in pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between the p53 and mdm2 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters in pancreatic cancer. RESULTS: The positive expression of p53 protein was found in 40 of 59 patients (67.8%) and that of mdm2 protein in 17 of 59 patients (28.8%). No obvious relationships were found between p53 as well as mdm2 expression and sex, tumor site,TNM staging and histological differentiation. p53 expression was increased in patients younger than 65 years old, while mdm2 had no relationship with age. The survival time of the patients with the positive expression of p53 and mdm2 proteins was obviously shorter than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Both p53 and mdm2 presented relatively high expression in human pancreatic cancer.The overexpression of p53 and mdm2 might reflect the malignant proliferation of pancreatic cancer and their co-expression might be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of the patients with pancreatic cancer.     

大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及相关调控蛋白Caspase-3表达的时空分布

目的 观察大鼠脊髓损伤（SCI）后神经元细胞凋亡和相关调控蛋白Caspase-3表达的时间、空间分布规律。方法 SD大鼠50只,分为假手术组和SCI组,钳夹法建立SCI模型,用结晶紫（CV）染色法、TUNEL法和免疫组织化学方法观察SCI后6h、12h、24h、3d和7d损伤中心到头端0～5.00mm空间范围内脊髓神经细胞存活、凋亡以及相关调控蛋白Caspase-3的表达状况。 结果 CV染色发现,SCI后6h～7d在0～0.50mm空间范围内均未发现存活的神经细胞,在1.00～3.50mm距离内,存活的神经细胞数逐渐增加,4.00mm处达峰值;TUNEL结果发现,SCI后6h～7d在1.05～4.55mm范围内,神经细胞出现凋亡,3d时在2.55mm处,细胞凋亡达高峰,7d时显著减少;免疫组织化学结果发现,SCI后6h～7d在1.10～4.60mm范围内,神经元细胞出现Caspase-3阳性表达,3d在3.10mm处Caspase-3表达达到高峰,7d显著减少。 结论 SCI后,凋亡的神经细胞及其相关调控蛋白Caspase-3的表达有一定的时空分布规律。