中国人与白种人鼻咽癌的发病和治疗

对1971—1990年间加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚癌症中心收治的428例鼻咽癌病人的发病和治疗情况进行分析。其中,中国人占303例(71％),白种人116例(27％)。中国人在该省鼻咽癌的年发病率是白种人的64倍,其中又以在中国出生的发病率最高,分别为白种人的104倍和北美出生的中国人的16倍。本组总的5年和10年生存率分别为51％和39％,颈淋巴结阴性的病人5年生存率达64％;而阳性的病人只有44％。鼻咽癌的预后与它的临床分期、病理类型、治疗前有无做颈淋巴结活检,以及性别有关,而与病人的人种和出生地无关。     

胸苷酸合成酶基因多态性及烟酒茶嗜好与贲门癌易感性的关系

目的 :研究胸苷酸合成酶TS3′ UTR多态性及其和烟酒茶嗜好相互作用与贲门癌易感性的关系。方法 :在上消化道癌高发区淮安市进行了一个病例对照研究 (贲门癌 89例 ,人群对照 2 2 3例 ) ,调查研究对象的生活习惯 ,采用PCR RFLP技术检测研究对象的TS 3′ UTR基因型。结果 :贲门癌组TS 6/ 6bp、 6/-6bp和 -6/-6bp基因型频率分别为7 9%、43 8%和 48 3 % ,与对照组( 8 1%、5 4 3 %和 3 7 7% )相比差异无统计学意义。与携带TS 6bp等位基因且不吸烟、每周饮酒 <2次和饮茶者相比 ,在吸烟、每周饮酒≥ 2次和不饮茶者中 ,携带TS -6/-6bp基因型者发生贲门癌的危险性显著上升 ,调整后的OR分别为 3 99( 95 %CI:1 5 1～ 10 5 0 )、3 2 2 ( 95 %CI :1 2 1～8 5 5 )和 6 14 ( 95 %CI:2 3 9～ 15 77)。结论 :TS 3′ UTR基因多态性影响吸烟、饮酒和饮茶与贲门癌之间的关系     

GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性和饮酒习惯与原发性肝癌发生的危险性

目的　研究GSTM 1和GSTT 1基因的多态性和饮酒习惯与原发性肝癌发生的危险性。方法　在肝癌高发区江苏省泰兴市进行了以人群为基础的病例对照研究 ,并应用多重PCR法检测了 2 0 7例原发性肝癌及其 1∶1配对的正常对照的GSTM 1和GSTT 1基因型。结果　GSTM 1空白基因型的频率 ,病例组为 5 8.94% ,对照组为 5 7.0 0 % ;GSTT 1空白基因型的频率 ,病例组和对照组分别为 5 2 .17%和 46.86% ,2组间无显著性差异。但GSTT 1的空白基因型与非空白基因型相比 ,当其长期饮用高度白酒达2 3年以上或月饮酒量大于 3 0 0 0 g时 ,患肝癌的危险性显著增高 (OR =2 .5 6,95 %CI为 1.0 8～ 6.0 5或OR =3 .48,95 %CI为 3 1.47～ 8.2 2 ) ;此外分析饮酒总量 (kg·年 )也得到同样的结果 (OR =3 .71,95 %为 1.5 1～ 9.12 )。结论　携带GSTT 1空白基因型且有长期大量饮酒习惯者 ,其患肝癌的危险性显著增高     

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genotypes, Dietary Habits and Susceptibility to Stomach Cancer

OBJECTIVE To study the relation among methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes, dietary habits and the risk of stomach cancer (SC).METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 107 cases of SC and 200 population-based controls in Chuzhou district, Huaian, Jiangsu province, China. The epidemiological data were collected, and DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes was obtained from all of the subjects..MTHFR genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS (1) The prevalence of the MTHFR C/T or T/T genotypes was found to be significantly different between controls (68.5%) and SC cases (79.4%,P=0.0416), the increased risk had an adjusted OR of 1.79 (95?:1.01-3.19). (2) Among subjects who had a low intake of garlic or Chinese onion, MTHFR C/T or T/T genotypes significantly increased the risk of developing SC. Among non-tea drinkers or among subjects who had a frequent intakeof meat, the carriers of the MTHFR C/T or T/T genotypes had a higher risk of SC than individuals with the C/C type MTHFR. CONCLUSION The polymorphism of MTHFR C677T was associated with increased risk of developing SC, and that individuals with differing genotypes may have different susceptibilities to SC, based on their exposure level to environmental factors.     

几种肿瘤转移促进基因在肿瘤组织中表达的检测

 目的　探讨各种肿瘤转移促进基因在不同恶性肿瘤组织中的表达规律。方法　采用流式细胞术对 117例恶性肿瘤患者肿瘤组织的CD4 4S、CD4 4V5、CD4 4V6、cerbB 2基因编码蛋白表达水平进行了检测。结果　恶性肿瘤患者瘤组织细胞的CD4 4V5 +、CD4 4V6 +和cerbB 2 +细胞表达率均显著高于正常对照 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。在各种肿瘤之间 ,不同肿瘤转移促进基因编码蛋白的表达水平有显著区别 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。结论　各种肿瘤转移促进基因编码蛋白在不同恶性肿瘤组织中的表达水平明显不同 ,这提示不同肿瘤的转移机制可能不同。     

胸苷酸合成酶基因3’-UTR多态性与晚期胃癌化疗敏感性关系的研究

目的：研究胸苷酸合成酶（TS）基因3’-UTR多态性与胃癌对5-Fu化疗敏感性的关系。方法：收集经病理学确诊的晚期胃癌106例，所有病例化疗前抽静脉血，提取白细胞DNA，用PCR-RFLP技术检测TS3’-UTR基因型。所有患者均经5-FU为基础的化疗方案治疗。以WHO实体瘤疗效评定标准和毒性评定标准评价疗效和毒性。结果：（1）106例胃癌患者中TS＋6／＋6bp、＋6／-6bp、-6／-6bp基因型频度分别为7．6％、44．3％和48．1％，化疗的总有效率为35．9％。（2）TS＋6／＋6bp、＋6／-6bp、-6／-6bp基因型组化疗的有效率分别为0％（0／8）、40．4％（19／47）和37．3％（19／51）。TS-6／-6bp基因型组和＋6／-6bp组化疗的有效率均显著高于＋6／＋6bp组（Fisher双侧精确检验，P值分别为0．0452和0．0404）。TS-6／-6bp基因型组Ⅱ度以上毒副反应的发生率高于＋6bp／＋6bp基因型组，但其差异无统计学意义。结论：TS基因3’-UTR多态性与晚期胃癌对5-FU为基础的化疗敏感性相关，TS基因型检测有助于指导晚期胃癌的化疗。     

Genetically predicted insomnia and lung cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundThe relationship between insomnia and lung cancer is scanty. The Mendelian randomization approach provides the rationale for evaluating the potential causality between genetically-predicted insomnia and lung cancer risk.MethodsWe extracted 148 insomnia-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary data of individual-level genetic information of participants were obtained from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) (29,266 cases and 56,450 controls). MR analyses were performed using the inverse-variance-weighted approach, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test, weighted median estimator, and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses were further performed using Egger intercept analysis, leave-one-out analysis, MR-PRESSO global test, and Cochran's Q test to verify the robustness of our findings.ResultsThe results of the MR analysis indicated an increased risk of lung cancer in insomnia patients (OR = 1.1671; 95% CI 1.0754–1.2666, p = 0.0002). The subgroup analyses showed increased risks of lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.1878; 95% CI 1.0594–1.3317, p = 0.0032) and squamous cell lung cancer (OR = 1.1595; 95% CI 1.0248–1.3119, p = 0.0188).ConclusionOur study indicated that insomnia is a causal risk factor in the development of lung cancer. Due to the lack of evidence on both the epidemiology and the mechanism level, more studies are needed to better elucidate the results of the study.