人肺鳞癌类器官三维培养体系的建立

目的：探索构建人肺鳞癌体外类器官培养的实验方法,并对成功建立的类器官模型进行组织层面评估。方法：收集早期肺鳞癌患者手术切除的新鲜原位肿瘤标本,在以基质胶凝固液滴为基础的培养基中进行体外类器官培养,倒置显微镜观察类器官生长情况;将培养的类器官用Histogel包埋并制成石蜡标本,切片进行HE染色及免疫组化染色。结果：成功建立了肺鳞癌类器官的体外培养方法,HE染色提示细胞核浆比高,核异型性符合肺鳞癌细胞特征;免疫组化显示细胞P63阳性,TTF-1阴性,与肺鳞癌分子病理特征相符。结论：本实验初步建立了人肺鳞癌患者的体外类器官培养平台,将为肺鳞癌的基础研究和靶向药物的筛选提供新模型。     

集束化干预在急性胰腺炎肠内营养患者中的应用效果观察

目的 探讨集束化干预在急性胰腺炎肠内营养患者中的临床价值。方法 将2018年1月至2019年12月于南通大学附属医院就诊的82例重症急性胰腺炎患者采用数字表法随机分为观察组及对照组,每组41例。对照组给予传统的营养支持,采取常规护理。观察组接受集束化干预,留置鼻肠管,进行肠内营养治疗,内容如下：构建肠内营养管理小组,加强对小组成员肠内营养输注集束化策略的培训并考核,完善肠内营养干预措施,实施持续质量管理。结果 观察组患者肠内营养相关性合并症及住院时间均低于对照组[7.32% vs 26.83%,（21.04±5.23）d vs（25.22±6.56）d,P<0.05]。实施肠内营养20 d后,观察组白蛋白高于对照组[（38.69±2.46）g/L vs（33.16±3.07）g/L,P<0.05]。结论 对急性胰腺炎患者实施集束化干预措施,进行肠内营养支持,可有效降低肠内营养相关性合并症的发生,改善患者营养状态,缩短住院时间。     

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves cognitive functioning after brain injury

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been widely applied and recognized in the treatment of brain injury; however, the correlation between the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and changes of metabolites in the brain remains unclear. To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of hy- perbaric oxygen therapy on cognitive functioning in rats, we established traumatic brain injury models using Feeney＇s free falling method. We treated rat models with hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 0.2 MPa for 60 minutes per day. The Morris water maze test for spatial navigation showed that the average escape latency was significantly prolonged and cognitive function decreased in rats with brain injury. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 1 and 2 weeks, the rats＇ spatial learning and memory abilities were improved. Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed that the N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in the hippocampal CA3 region was sig- nificantly increased at 1 week, and the N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio was significantly increased at 2 weeks after hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Nissl staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of nerve cells and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region was significantly increased, and glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells were decreased after a 2-week hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment. Our findings indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly im- proves cognitive functioning in rats with traumatic brain injury, and the potential mechanism is me- diated by metabolic changes and nerve cell restoration in the hippocampal CA3 region.     

sICAM-1和GPC-3 mRNA对肝癌诊断与转移监测的临床价值

目的:定量分析肝病患者血可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)浓度和外周血单核细胞磷脂酰肌醇蛋白多糖-3(GPC-3)mRNA,探讨对肝癌(HCC)诊断与预后的价值.方法:收集住院肝病患者外周血,分离单核细胞,制备总RNA,经逆转录合成GPC-3cDNA,以荧光定量PCR扩增;并以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)定量分析血ICAM-1水平.结果:肝病发展过程中血ICAM-1表达呈梯度增加,HCC患者血ICAM-1表达显著高于肝硬化(t=3.184,P=0.002)和慢性肝炎患者(t=3.962,P<0.001),与伴门脉癌栓(t=2.941,P=0.005)及肝外转移(t=3.282,P=0.002)明显相关,与患者年龄、性别、HBsAg阳性与否、AFP浓度及肿瘤大小间未见明显相关.GPC-3mRNA阳性仅见肝癌患者(70.9%);肝硬化、慢性肝炎患者及正常对照组中未检出(2=26.773,P<0.001).GPC-3mRNA阳性表达与HBsAg阳性(2=14.601,P<0.001)、肝癌TNM分期(2=17.732,P<0.001)、伴门脉癌栓及肝外转移(2=22.271,P<0.001)显著相关,与瘤体直径、数目、AFP浓度及分化程度未见明显相关;两者可互补诊断,提高诊断肝癌阳性率.结论:sICAM-1和GPC-3mRNA检测是肝癌诊断和转移监测的良好标志物,且对AFP阴性肝癌具有互补诊断价值.     

鸟苷酸环化酶C基因沉默对人胃癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤的影响

目的:探讨鸟苷酸环化酶C(GC-C)基因沉默对人胃癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤的影响及其机制.方法:将SGC-7901细胞(SGC-7901组)、空质粒转染的细胞(PRNA组)、GC-C基因稳定沉默的细胞(GC-C-shRNA组)悬液先在裸鼠皮下接种成瘤,再取瘤组织块分别接种到裸鼠皮下,建立3种胃癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤模型.观察裸鼠一般情况、肿瘤的成瘤率、生长速度,描绘肿瘤的生长曲线,计算肿瘤的抑瘤率;采用实时荧光定量PCR(RFQ-PCR),Western blot和免疫组织化学法检测GC-C和趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)在各组移植瘤组织中的表达.结果:与SGC-7901组和PRNA组比较,GC-C-shRNA组裸鼠移植瘤生长速度明显减慢、体积明显变小(抑制率分别为33.7%、33.2%),肿瘤异型性、坏死程度明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且移植瘤组织中GC-C和CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白均明显下调(GC-CmRNA:7.47±1.70 vs 11.18±0.60,11.28±0.85;GC-C蛋白:0.52±0.15 vs 1.04±0.19,1.03±0.24;CXCR4蛋白:0.67±0.13 vs 1.02±0.21,1.03±0.23,均P<0.05).结论:GC-C基因稳定沉默在体内能保持稳定,且能抑制裸鼠移植瘤生长,该过程可能与CXCR4下调有关.     

引起慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期精神神经症状原因及预防对策

目的探讨引起慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期精神神经症状原因及预防对策。方法回顾性分析2002年1月～2011年10月慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者的临床资料,根据动脉血气分析、电解质、头颅CT检查及治疗结果综合分析引起精神神经症状原因。结果 310例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者合并精神神经症状40例(12.90%,40/310);肺性脑病22例(55.00%);低渗性脑病10例(25.00%);药物不良反应5例(12.50%);脑梗死3例(7.50%)。结论慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期精神神经症状发生率较高,原因多样,应该进行鉴别诊断,实施针对性预防对策避免或减少其他发生。     

非编码RNA调控晶状体上皮细胞死亡在白内障中的作用

非编码RNA（ncRNA）是不编码蛋白质的RNA,其中包括微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）等。ncRNA可以广泛参与细胞增殖、分化、生长以及细胞死亡等重要的生物学过程。ncRNA的异常表达可导致晶状体上皮细胞发生细胞凋亡、焦亡以及自噬异常,使得晶状体透明度下降,从而导致白内障的发生。本文主要对8种miRNA（miR-125b、let-7a、miR-4328、miR-34a、miR-133b、miR138、miR-23b-3p、miRNA-30a）、9种lncRNA（lncRNA MIAT、lncRNA ANRIL、lncRNA PLCD3-OT1、lncRNA GPX3-AS、H19、TUG1、lncRNA PVT1、lncRNA ALB、KCNQ1OT1）以及一种circRNA （circHIPK3）调控晶状体上皮细胞死亡在白内障发生发展中的作用机制最新进展予以综述。     

Intrathecal morphine 100 and 200 μg for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a trade-off between analgesic efficacy and side effects

IntroductionIntrathecal morphine is highly effective for post-cesarean analgesia; however, the optimal dose is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to compare analgesia and side effects after a change in institutional practice to give 200 μg rather than 100 μg.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 241 patients who had an elective cesarean delivery and received either 100 or 200 μg of intrathecal morphine. The primary outcome variables were mean and peak verbal pain scores (0–10) and analgesic use (milligram-morphine equivalents). Postoperative administration of antiemetics, antipruritics and episodes of nausea or vomiting were recorded. Data are reported as mean ± SD or percentages with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsWomen receiving intrathecal morphine 200 μg had lower pain scores and opioid use compared with morphine 100 μg. Mean verbal pain scores were 1.6 ± 1.1 versus 2.0 ± 1.1 (P = 0.01) and peak verbal pain scores were 4.9 ± 2.0 versus 5.6 ± 1.8, respectively (P = 0.008). The group receiving 200 μg used less opioids in the first 24 h after surgery (44 ± 35 versus 54 ± 35 milligram-morphine equivalents, respectively, P = 0.04) and received less intravenous opioids (18% versus 30%, P = 0.02). However, women receiving intrathecal morphine 200 μg had more nausea (mean number of episodes of nausea 1.9 ± 1.3 versus 1.6 ± 1.3, P = 0.037) and used more antiemetics (52% versus 24%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIntrathecal morphine 200 μg provided better analgesia but with more nausea compared with morphine 100 μg. Our results can be used to help guide intrathecal morphine dosing in cesarean delivery based on patient preference for analgesia versus side effects.     

侧入路水平穿刺单极射频热凝纤维环修补术治疗L3-4、L4-5盘源性腰痛

目的探讨侧入路水平穿刺单极射频热凝纤维环修补术治疗盘源性腰痛临床疗效。方法16例患者DSA引导下将射频套管针侧入路水平穿刺,到达椎间盘后缘行热凝纤维环修补。患者于术前,术后1周、1个月、6个月及12个月时行腰痛VAS评分,术后末次VAS评分时按照改良Mac-Nab评定标准,评价临床疗效。结果 16例患者腰痛VAS评分,术前与术后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后末次VAS评分时,根据Macnab评定标准进行疗效评价,优12例(75%),良4例(25%),优良率100%。结论侧入路水平穿刺单极射频热凝纤维环修补术适用于L3-4、L4-5盘源性腰痛患者,手术安全性高,创伤小,疗效确切。     

Dynamic Changes of Jab1 and p27kip1 Expression in Injured Rat Sciatic Nerve

Jun activation domain-binding protein (Jab1) is a multifunctional protein that participates in affecting signaling pathway, controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis, and regulating genomic instability and DNA repair, and acts as a key subunit of COP9 signalosome. p27kip1, a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, was shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of cyclin–CDK complexes, resulting in cell-cycle arrest at G₁. Recent studies have shown that Jab1 directly binds to p27kip1 and induces nuclear export and subsequent degradation in a variety of human cancers, while the association and function of Jab1 and p27kip1 in nervous system lesion and regeneration remain unclear. Here, we performed a sciatic nerve injury model in adult rats and studied the dynamic changes of Jab1 and p27kip1 expression by Western blot. Sciatic nerve crush (SNC) resulted in a significant upregulation of Jab1 and a downregulation of p27kip1. Besides, we observed that Jab1 was expressed widely in Schwann cells (SCs) and had few co-localization in axons by double immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the peak expression of Jab1 was parallel with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and numerous SCs expressing Jab1 were PCNA-positive. Results obtained by co-immunoprecipitation and double labeling further showed their interaction in the sciatic nerve. Thus, these results suggested that Jab1 and p27kip1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve after SNC.