2015-2017年长江流域六市样本医院国产及进口噻托溴铵的使用情况及预算影响分析

目的：基于2015-2017年长江流域六市共273家样本医院噻托溴铵的使用情况进行分析,结合此地区的经济学评价结果和数据模拟的预测影响分析,明确国产和进口噻托溴铵两者相对的经济学价值,为临床噻托溴铵的合理使用及医改选药提供参考。方法：抽取2015-2017年长江流域六市273家样本医院噻托溴铵的通用名、剂型、规格、使用数量、销售金额及生产厂商性质等,分析上述医院国产和进口噻托溴铵的销售金额、使用频度（DDDs）及其构成比等,利用理想模型费用数据模拟与预算影响分析模型进行数据处理及分析。结果：长江流域六市样本医院2015-2017年噻托溴铵总DDDs和总销售金额呈增长趋势,且具有统计学意义。六市样本医院噻托溴铵的总销售金额按照其在长江流域的地理位置（即从长江下游至上游）逐步递减的,沿海东部地区总销售金额及DDDs高于中西部地区,国产噻托溴铵在使用频度方面占主导地位,销售金额处于从属地位。从卫生服务提供者的角度考虑,国产噻托溴铵在治疗费用上相对进口噻托溴铵具有成本优势。通过预算影响分析,在假设完全规范慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）管理情况下,国产噻托溴铵对进口噻托溴铵的替换具有节约费用的作用。结论：从医保基金的高效使用以及病人的经济负担角度,临床使用国产噻托溴铵更合理有效。     

Pretreatment with intestinal trefoil factor alleviates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage via Akt signaling

BACKGROUNDStress-related gastric mucosal damage or ulcer remains an unsolved issue for critically ill patients. Stress ulcer prophylaxis has been part of routine intensive care, but uncertainty and controversy still exist. Co-secreted with mucins, intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is reported to promote restitution and regeneration of intestinal mucosal epithelium, although the mechanism remains unknown.AIMTo elucidate the protective effects of ITF on gastric mucosa and explore the possible mechanisms.METHODSWe used a rat model of gastric mucosal damage induced by water immersion restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide-treated human gastric epithelial cell line to investigate the potential effects of ITF on damaged gastric mucosa both in vivo and in vitro.RESULTSITF promoted the proliferation and migration and inhibited necrosis of gastric mucosal epithelia in vitro. It also preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa by upregulating expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1. In the rat model, pretreatment with ITF ameliorated the gastric mucosal epithelial damage and facilitated mucosal repair. The protective effects of ITF were confirmed to be exerted via activation of Akt signaling, and the specific inhibitor of Akt signaling {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY249002","term_id":"1257710161","term_text":"LY249002"}}LY249002 reversed the protective effects.CONCLUSIONITF might be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage, and further studies should be undertaken to verify its clinical feasibility.     

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的评价吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP方案）治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效与毒副反应。方法对30例经病理和（或）细胞确诊的老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者，采用吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗。吉西他滨1000mg／m^2，静脉点滴，第1，8天各静滴1次；顺铂25mgc／m^2，静脉点滴，第1，2，3天各静滴1次，每28d为一个周期，化疗中记录毒副反应。2个周期为1个疗程。疗程结束后，评定疗效与毒副反应。结果全组完全缓解（CR）0例，部分缓解11例（11／30），总有效率36．67％。最常见的毒副反应为白细胞减少和血小板减少。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者临床疗效较好，毒副反应可耐受，值得推广应用。     

顺气通腑合剂对腹部术后患者胃肠运动功能的影响

目的 观察顺气通腑合剂对腹部手术后胃肠运动功能恢复的促进作用,并探究其作用机制。方法 将62例腹部手术患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组患者按受术后常规治疗,治疗组患者加服顺气通腑合剂,连用3～5 d。观察两组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间;并测定患者血浆胃动素（motilin,MTL）、P物质（substance P,SP）和生长抑素（somatostatin,SS）水平的变化。结果 治疗组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间均明显少于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患者术后MTL、SP含量均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,SS水平较治疗前显著下降（P<0.05）;对照组治疗后SP水平较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗后SP和MTL变化率显著大于对照组（P<0.05）,两组治疗后SS变化率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 顺气通腑合剂对腹部术后胃肠运动功能的促进作用与其调节血浆胃肠激素有关。     

Clinical significance and prognostic value of Nek2 protein expression in colon cancer

Objective: To determine the expression of NIMA-related kinase NEK2 and evaluate its clinical value in colon cancer. Method: Sixty specimens of colon cancer, 30 specimens of paracancerous colon tissues and 10 specimens of normal colon tissues conventionally resected in surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from February 2006 to February 2014 were collected. These tissues were detected for the expression of Nek2 using Western Blot and immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between Nek2 protein expression and the clinicopathology and prognosis of colon tissues was discussed. Results: The expression level and positive expression rate of Nek2 protein in the colon cancer were obviously higher than that in the paracancerous tissues and normal colon tissues. They were also significantly higher in the paracancerous tissues than in the normal tissues (P<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that Nek2 protein expression was not obviously correlated with gender, age and tumor size, but obviously correlated with degree of differentiation (P=0.008), TNM staging (P=0.000), lymph node metastasis (P=0.022) and tumor invasion (P=0.011). With the plotting of Kaplan-Meier survival curve, it could be seen that Nek2 protein expression was not significantly correlated with survival (P=0.0048). High Nek2 protein expression may be an independent risk factor for colon cancer (HR=0.227, 95% CI 0.101-0.510). Conclusion: High Nek2 protein expression reflects the malignant behavior of colon cancer. Playing important roles in the occurrence of colon cancer, Nek2 protein expression has diagnostic and prognostic value in colon cancer.     

Knocking down the expression of adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells

Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is a conserved protein that was found to be up-regulated in breast cancer and related to the migration of breast cancer. We verified its roles in breast cancer specimens and cell lines. In our results, 71 of 100 specimens of breast cancer showed high levels of CAP1 by immunohistochemistry. Associated with statistical analysis, we saw that CAP1 was related to the grade of breast cancer. In MDA-MB-231, the expression of CAP1 was the highest and by knocking down the expression of CAP1 in MDA-MB-231, its ability for proliferating and migrating apparently decreased and induced changes in morphology, which were related to the arrangement of F-actin. Therefore, CAP1 might be a potential molecular targeted therapy for surgery and immune treatment.     

改良颈腮腺入路切除咽旁间隙高位良性肿瘤

目的 探讨改良颈腮腺入路在高位咽旁间隙良性肿瘤手术中的应用疗效。 方法 7例咽旁间隙良性肿瘤患者,术前影像学检查提示为高位、肿瘤巨大、哑铃型且边界欠清,采用改良颈腮腺入路术式,解剖辨认面神经总干及颞面干后,于外耳道软骨前方、腮腺的后缘以及颞面干的上方间隙向深部分离至肿瘤上极,剥离子分离并下压肿瘤与下方常规颈部自下而上肿瘤游离会师后,从颌下区取出肿瘤。腮腺浅叶不切除,面神经分支不做过多解剖。 结果 所有患者均一次性完整切除肿瘤;术后病理示多形性腺瘤6例,神经鞘瘤1例;术中出血均少于300 mL;1例患者出现术后同侧眼睑轻度闭合障碍,两周后完全正常;所有患者面容美学保存理想。 结论 对于高位咽旁间隙良性肿瘤采用改良颈腮腺入路术式,不仅可以安全完整地切除肿瘤,同时由于减少了面神经及腮腺浅叶的处置,术后相关神经并发症及腮腺区凹陷性改变的发生率下降。     

Clear Cell Tumor of the Lung: A Retrospective Analysis

BackgroundThere have been no clinical reports on clear cell tumor of the lung (CCTL) based on large studies or epidemiological surveys in the literature. The purpose of this study was to provide a retrospective analysis of CCTL patients in China by reviewing the clinical data of reported CCTL cases.MethodsThe China academic journals full-text database search engines were used to collect the related cases from January 1979 to June 2011. The analysis was performed on patients' age, gender, symptom, nodular number, tumor size, lesion localization, chest radiograph or chest computed tomography.ResultsThirtynine cases of CCTL were reported in China. The ratio of male:female was 1.29:1. The average age at diagnosis was 43 ± 17 years. Most of them were accidentally discovered on routine chest roentgenogram or computed tomography. The ratio of asymptomatic:symptomatic was 2.25:1 (27:12). Cough, fever, sputum, dyspnea and chest pain occurred frequently in symptomatic patients. Solitary pulmonary nodule on chest radiography was found in 38 patients, and no specific lobar distribution had been noted. The average tumor size was 3.6 ± 2.4 cm in diameter. All patients were diagnosed after thoracotomy, and the postoperative courses were all uneventful.ConclusionsCCTL is a rare benign tumor with special features of clinical characteristics, radiology and pathology. The diagnosis is based on distinct pathological characteristics. Earlier operation with long-term follow-up is recommended.     

肝肉瘤样癌伴类白血病反应1例报告

1病例资料患者男性,65岁,因“上腹部疼痛3 d”于2017年10月7日入本院。既往史:糖尿病病史5年,口服二甲双胍,控制情况不详。否认肝炎、结核等传染病病史,无吸烟饮酒嗜好,无家族遗传病史。入院查体:腹部平软,上腹部有压痛伴肌卫,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未及,无移动性浊音,双下肢无浮肿。     

双重血浆分子吸附系统对急性肝衰竭临床疗效研究

目的：研究双重血浆分子吸附系统对严重肝衰竭患者的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析急性肝功能衰竭行双重血浆分子吸附系统（DPMAS）治疗患者 45例的临床资料,观察临床疗效,治疗前后患者临床症状、胆红素水平、凝血功能、凝血酶原活动度（PTA）、血常规、乳酸、其他肝功能及电解质指标。结果：45例患者行DPMAS治疗共73次,显效12例,有效22例,无效11例,总有效率75.56%。DPMAS治疗后总胆红素193.29±109.26 μmol/L,直接胆红素148.19±83.49 μmol/L,分别低于治疗前的271.95±147.92 μmol/L（P=0.0004）和201.24±98.66 μmol/L（P=0.0006）,差异均有统计学意义。治疗前12小时PT及APTT分别为18.24±9.59 s,65.49±57.64 s,治疗后12小时PT及APTT分别为21.63±11.63 s,79.68±34.83 s,较治疗前有所延长,但差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗前12小时PTA（51.46±22.12）%,治疗后12小时为（46.25±22.46）%,较治疗前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。第一次DPMAS治疗前PTA（49.11±20.22）%,完成最后一次DPMAS治疗后PTA为（57.69±19.57）%,较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DPMAS治疗后患者AST、ALT较前下降,但差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后TBA、ALB及球蛋白（GLB）较前明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。发生不良反应13例次（17.8%）,包括轻度皮肤瘙痒、皮疹、发热、呕吐、胸闷,经对症处理后缓解。结论：DPMAS对急性肝功能衰竭治疗效果良好,对内环境影响较小,不良反应轻,值得临床推广。