紫外辐照联合多聚甲醛熏蒸法制备真菌扫描电镜样品的初探

目的:探讨简易的扫描电镜样品制备方法,观察病原丝状真菌菌丝、孢子表面形貌的超微结构特征。方法:采用玻片小培养法制备病原丝状真菌的菌株,应用紫外辐照联合多聚甲醛蒸汽熏蒸法对样品进行消毒、固定,并经金属喷镀后在扫描电镜下观察。结果:扫描电镜下,该方法能保留所有菌株的菌丝及孢子原有的排列方式,并且能在扫描电镜下表现出良好的超微结构特征。结论:紫外辐照-多聚甲醛熏蒸法处理病原丝状真菌样品,能简单、快捷的用于扫描电镜观察,并可为相关真菌的分类提供形态学依据。     

Historical perspective of syphilis in the past 60 years in China: eliminated, forgotten, on the return

Syphilis (historically called lues) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.Syphilis had many alternate names,such as the "great pox" in order to distinguish it from smallpox,and was given many national attributions,such as the French pox,the English pox,and the Italian pox,due to the disease often being spread by foreign sailors and soldiers during their frequent,unprotected sexual contact with local prostitutes.1 The French pox was widely used before it was named syphilis by the Italian physician and poet Girolamo Fracastoro in 1530.2 Syphilis first reached Canton (Guangzhou) of China through the sea in 1505 and was called "Canton sores" or "Canton rash" (kuang chuang).However,"plum-blossom sores" (yangmei chuang) was more widely used in medical records in China because they had a shape resembling plum-blossoms.Syphilis is almost transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person although it is possible to contract the infection by coming into contact with the broken skin of an infected person.Syphilis can also be passed from an infected mother to her unborn child.     

Health benefits of high-density lipoproteins in preventing cardiovascular diseases

Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are strongly and inversely correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, it is becoming clear that a functional HDL is a more desirable target than simply increasing HDL-cholesterol levels. The best known antiatherogenic function of HDL particles relates to their ability to promote reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells. However, HDL also possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. This review focuses on the state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL heterogeneity and function and their relationship to cardiovascular diseases.     

江苏地区无偿献血人群巴贝虫感染调查

目的　了解江苏地区无偿献血人群巴贝虫感染情况,为输血安全提供科学依据。方法　2017年2–5月对江苏省血液中心采集的950人份无偿献血者血样,以巴贝虫分泌抗原（BmSA1）为诊断靶标分子,采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测单份血清标本靶向巴贝虫特异性总抗体水平,对抗体阳性样品制作血涂片进行镜检,并提取DNA进行巢式PCR扩增确认寄生虫血症;分析不同性别、年龄和职业献血者巴贝虫抗体阳性率。结果　江苏地区950人份无偿献血人群巴贝虫抗?BmSA1抗体阳性率为0.53%,5例巴贝虫抗?BmSA1抗体阳性血样镜检和巢式PCR结果均为阴性。不同性别（[χ2] = 0.01,P = 0.92）和年龄（[χ2] = 0.11,P = 0.95）献血者巴贝虫抗?BmSA1抗体阳性率间差异均无统计学意义,但不同职业献血者巴贝虫抗?BmSA1抗体阳性率间差异具有统计学意义（[χ2] = 11.93,P < 0.05）。结论　江苏地区无偿献血者中有巴贝虫感染者,应予以重视。     

工作场所空气中环氧丙烷热解吸气相色谱法测定的不确定度评定

目的建立工作场所空气中环氧丙烷热解吸气相色谱法测定的不确定度评定方法,通过控制这些因素提高检测结果的置信度和准确性。方法依据中华人民共和国国家计量技术规范JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》进行评定。结果环氧丙烷不确定度主要来源:①标准状态下采样体积V0不确定度;②标准气体配制过程引入的不确定度;③工作曲线绘制方法引入的不确定度;④样品测定重复性引入的不确定度。取置信概率为95%,包含因子k=2,则其扩展不确定度:U=2×5.79%=11.58%。结论该不确定度评定方法对环氧丙烷的热解吸气相色谱法检测过程的质量控制意义十分重大,可以提高检测结果的准确性和置信度。     

机械磨削术治疗瑞尔黑变病的疗效观察

目的:探讨机械磨削术治疗Riehl’s黑变病的临床疗效。方法:2010年2月-2018年10月笔者科室收治瑞尔黑变病患者8例,所有患者采用机械磨削治疗,均随访1年以上。利用5分法对机械磨削治疗的临床疗效进行评价,患者对治疗满意度进行评价。结果:8例Riehl’s黑变病患者,经治疗皮损均较治疗前消退75%以上,未见复发,7例非常满意,1例满意。不良反应均能耐受,主要为红斑、结痂及短暂的色素沉着。结论:机械磨削术治疗Riehl’s黑变病安全、有效。     

Gambogic acid causes fin developmental defect in zebrafish embryo partially via retinoic acid signaling

Gambogic acid (GA), the major active ingredient of gamboge, has been approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials in cancer patients due to its strong anticancer activity. However, our previous research showed that GA was teratogenic against zebrafish fin development. To explore the teratogenicity and the underlying mechanisms, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were used. The morphological observations revealed that GA caused fin defects in zebrafish embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. The critical exposure time of GA to reveal teratogenicity was before 8 hpf (hours post fertilization). LC/MS/MS analysis revealed that a maximum bioconcentration of GA was occurred at 4 hpf. Q-PCR data showed that GA treatment resulted in significant inactivation of RA signaling which could be partially rescued by the exogenous supply of RA. These results indicate the potential teratogenicity of GA and provide evidence for a caution in its future clinic use.     

The Effect of Silica Dust Exposure on the Serum Clara Cell Protein 16 Levels in Chinese Workers

<正>Pneumoconiosis is a systemic occupational disease that commonly manifests as diffuse fibrosis of the lungs caused by long-term inhalation of silica dust in the production process. The development of pneumoconiosis is a chronic and progressive process; once it occurs, it is irreversible, and gradually develops into lung injury and respiratory failure, and can cause death regardless of exposure to dust. The     

Development of fluorometric reactive oxygen species assay for photosafety evaluation

The present investigation involved an attempt to develop a new reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay system for the photosafety assessment of chemicals using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), a fluorescent probe for monitoring ROS generation. The assay conditions of the fluorometric ROS (fROS) assay were optimized focusing on the solvent system, concentration of DPBF, fluorescent determination, screening run time and reproducibility. The photoreactivity of 21 phototoxic and 11 non-phototoxic compounds was assessed by fROS assay, and the obtained ROS data were compared with the results from a micellar ROS (mROS) assay and in vitro/in vivo phototoxicity information to confirm the predictive capacity of the fROS assay. In the optimized fROS assay, intra-day and inter-day precision levels (coefficient of variation) were found to be below 5%, and the Z'-factor for DPBF fluorescence quenching showed a large separation between positive and negative controls. Of all tested compounds, 3 false positive and 7 false negative predictions were observed in the fROS assay, and the negative predictivity for the fROS assay was found to be lower than that for the mROS assay. Although the fROS assay has some limitations, the procedures for it were highly simplified with a marked reduction in screening run time and one analytical sample for monitoring ROS generation from compounds. The fROS assay has the potential to become a new tool for photosafety assessment at an early stage of product development.