2005年全国淋病与梅毒病例报告覆盖情况分析

目的了解全国淋病与梅毒病例报告覆盖情况,为性病疫情管理、漏报调查和疫情估计提供依据。方法利用系统抽样的方法抽取2005年2、5、8和11月全国31个省份的淋病与梅毒病例网络直报数据,计算以县(区)为单位的病例报告覆盖率。结果2、5、8、11月全国淋病病例报告的平均覆盖率分别为56.66%、66.33%、68.90%和68.27%,梅毒的平均覆盖率分别为42.61%、55.56%、59.46%和60.59%。经济发达或东南沿海地区(如上海、北京、天津、重庆、浙江、江苏、广东、广西、海南和福建等)的病例报告覆盖率较高,一般在80%以上;经济落后或西部地区(如河北、山西、内蒙、陕西、甘肃、云南、贵州、青海和西藏等)的病例报告覆盖率较低,一般在50%以下。结论我国淋病与梅毒病例报告覆盖率总体上偏低,直接影响性病疫情的准确性,应进一步加强我国性病疫情报告的管理与督导工作,尤其应加强对经济落后及西部地区的支持。     

A novel method for signal detection of adverse drug reactions based on proportional reporting ratios

Objective The proportional reporting ratio (PRR) is a statistical method for signal detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) based on unbalanced proportions. Although effective, this method only takes into account the proportional relation based on target adverse reactions and ignores the relation between a given ADR and the others for the same drug. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the calculation deviation in PRR. In this study, we developed a novel PRR (NPRR) method and compared it with the original PRR method for the purpose of a combined application of these two methods for ADR signal detection. Methods NPRR is also based on unbalanced proportions, in which the proportion for a given ADR is linked to a specific drug (or all other drugs), and then divided by the corresponding proportion for all other ADRs. Results Applying this method to the ADR data of Jiangsu Province, China in 2008 and 2009, we detected 3,021 signals. Compared with the PRR method, the sensitivity of our method is 0.99, the specificity is 0.97, and the Youden index is 0.96. Conclusion NPRR is an excellent method supplementary to PRR. The combination of these two methods can reduce calculation deviation and detect ADRs more effectively.     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒在江苏地区感染情况的调查分析

目的探讨江苏地区高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染情况及其在苏南和苏北地区之间存在的差异。方法对4726份检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果苏北地区女性HPV感染率高于苏南地区且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苏北地区感染的高峰年龄为21～25、>30～35、>60～65岁;苏南地区感染的高峰年龄为40岁以上,而且随着年龄的增长感染率呈上升趋势。苏北地区感染HPV的患者高病毒载量比例明显高于苏南地区,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而且这部分差异主要集中在大于30～35岁的HPV感染人群中。结论高危型HPV在苏南与苏北的感染情况存在差异,这种差异包括感染率、感染的集中年龄阶段,病毒载量的情况等等,针对不同地区的特点,重点关注感染高发年龄阶段人群,关注高HPV病毒载量的患者,加强高病毒载量患者的细胞学检查,根据不同地区的感染特点进行有侧重的HPV防治工作将会在宫颈癌的预防上起到积极的作用。     

血小板输注中抗体检测和配合试验的应用

目的：提高血小板制剂对血小板减少、尤其是血小板输注无效症（PTR）患者的输注疗效,避免宝贵血源的浪费。方法：应用单抗固相微孔板（MASPAT）法检测患者血清中的血小板抗体,进行血小板供者与患者之间的配合试验。结果：2005年6月-2007年11月对109例患者进行了血小板抗体的检测,其中42例患者检出血小板抗体（阳性率38．5％）,对含有血小板抗体的患者经适合性血小板输注后,血小板计数有明显上升。结论：MASPAT法在特异性、敏感性、重复性方面良好,操作快速、简便,判断可靠;易做到规范化,程序化,标准化;据此建立的“适合性血小板输注”对含有血小板抗体的患者是有效的,可用于临床血小板抗体的检测和配合试验。     

Gradient Printing Alginate Herero Gel Microspheres for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture

Hydrogel microspheres are widely used in tissue engineering, such as 3D cell culture and injection therapy, and among which, heterogeneous microspheres are drawing much attention as a promising tool to carry multiple cell types in separated phases. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate heterogeneous gel microspheres with excellent resolution and different material components in limited sizes. Here, we developed a multi-channel dynamic micromixer, which can use active mechanical mixing to achieve rapid mixing with multi-component materials and extrude the homogenized material. By changing the flow rate ratio of the solutions of the two components and by rapidly mixing in the micromixer, real-time concentration change of the mixed material at the outlet could be monitored in a process so-called “gradient printing”. By studying the mixing efficiency of the micromixer, its size and process parameters were optimized. Using the novel dynamic gradient printing method, the composition of the hydrogel microspheres can be distributed in any proportion and alginate heterogeneous gel microspheres with adjustable cell concentration were fabricated. The effects of cell concentration on cell viability and proliferation ability under three-dimensional culture conditions were also studied. The results showed that cells have very low death rate and can exchange substances within the microspheres. Due to the micromixing ability of the micromixers, the demand for biological reagents and materials such as cells, proteins, cytokines and other materials could be greatly reduced, which helps reduce the experimental cost and improve the feasibility of the method in practical use. The heterogeneous gel microsphere can be greatly valuable for research in various fields such as analytical chemistry, microarray, drug screening, and tissue culture.     

天然黄酮类化合物对芳香烃受体的调控作用研究进展

黄酮类成分广泛存在于植物、中草药中,具有多种药理学活性,近年来的研究表明,它可以通过调控多种信号通路发挥其抗炎、抗氧化、化学预防等作用。笔者聚焦在药物代谢、免疫调节、化学预防中具有重要作用的芳香烃受体,在系统综述芳香烃受体功能及调控模式基础上,总结了不同黄酮类化合物对芳香烃受体的激动或拮抗作用,并对常见黄酮成分通过芳香烃受体发挥其抗肿瘤、抗溃疡性结肠炎、抗特异性皮炎的独特作用机制进行了介绍,并展望了黄酮类化合物在上述疾病治疗中潜在前景和局限性。      

普瑞巴林在皮肤科的应用进展

【摘要】 普瑞巴林作用于神经系统电压门控钙通道,可减少多种神经递质的释放。目前广泛应用于多种疾病包括神经性疼痛、广泛性焦虑症、癫痫等的治疗。在皮肤科,普瑞巴林对带状疱疹后遗神经痛、结节性痒疹、尿毒症性瘙痒、神经相关瘙痒、精神相关瘙痒等也有治疗作用。     

Chronic manipulation of dietary salt modulates renal physiology and kidney dopamine receptor subtypes: Functional and autoradiographic studies

• 1.1. Compared to rats maintained on the normal NaCI (0.33%) diet, animals maintained on the low NaCl (0%) diet for 4 weeks exhibited increased plasma aldosterone and chloride and decreased urinary sodium excretion.
• 2.2. Rats maintained on the high NaCl (8%) diet for 4 weeks showed increased systolic blood pressure, water intake, urine volume, sodium and dopamine excretion and decreased plasma aldosterone and glomerular filtration rate.
• 3.3. Administration of SCH 23390 (10mg/kg, po), but not domperidone to the high salt diet rats attenuated the diuretic effect, indicating the involvement of DA₁ rather than DA₂ receptors. The dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor, carbidopa (30 mg/kg, i.p.), also reduced the high salt-induced diuresis.
• 4.4. Kidney sections from rats fed the low NaCl diet showed a 63–100% decrease (P < 0.001−0.02) in cortical and medullary DA₁ and DA₂ binding sites, while rats fed the high NaCl diet demonstrated only a 70% decrease (P < 0.01−0.02) in cortical DA₁ binding, without affecting DA₂ binding.
• 5.5. These data indicate that chronic modification of dietary salt profoundly affects the sodium, water and dopamine excretion and leads to selective modulation of renal dopamine receptor subtypes.