N-正辛基-N＇-琥珀酰基壳聚糖的制备及其对4种肿瘤细胞的亲和性

目的：以不同分子质量的壳聚糖为原料合成系列的N-正辛基-N’-琥珀酰基壳聚糖，考察其与肿瘤细胞的亲和性，为其作为抗肿瘤药物的靶向载体提供依据。方法：用异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）对N-正辛基-N’-琥珀酰基壳聚糖进行标记，再分别与人肝癌细胞（HepG2）、人白血病细胞（K562）、人非小细胞肺癌细胞（A549）及人胃癌细胞（BGC）共培养，通过流式细胞仪及酶联免疫检测仪测定N-正辛基-N’-琥珀酰基壳聚糖对肿瘤细胞的亲和性及抑制力。结果：N-正辛基-N’-琥珀酰基壳聚糖对4种肿瘤细胞亲和性明显强于空白细胞株（P〈0．01），并具有一定的肿瘤抑制作用。结论：N-正辛基-N’-琥珀酰基壳聚糖有望作为抗肿瘤药物的靶向载体。     

Prevalence of hypertension and noise-induced hearing loss in Chinese coal miners

Background

Owing to inconsistent epidemiologic evidence and the presence of confounding factors, the relation between occupational noise exposure and hypertension still remained unclear. We aimed to assess whether Chinese coal miners were at risk of developing hypertension and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), and whether occupational noise exposure was a risk factor of hypertension.

Methods

A questionnaire was designed to collect information from 738 study participants, all of whom were employees from the Datun Xuzhou Coal Company. The participants were divided into a noise-exposed group and a control group based on the noise level to which they were exposed in the workplace. The differences in the mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were compared between the noise-exposed and control groups. Also the prevalence and age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of audiometric deficit and hypertension was compared in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relation between occupational noise level and hypertension while controlling for potential confounding factors.

Results

Hypertension was more prevalent in noise-exposed group than the control group, 29.2% vs. 21.2% (P=0.012). The noise-exposed group faced an increased risk of hypertension (age-adjusted OR =1.52, 95% CI =1.07–2.15) when the control group was used as reference. The mean values of SBP and DBP of the noise-exposed groups were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.006 and P=0.002 respectively). Hearing loss at low frequencies was significantly more prevalent in the noise-exposed group than the control group, 12.8% vs. 7.4% (P=0.015), while the noise-exposed group faced the increased risk of hearing loss at low frequencies (age-adjusted OR =1.81, 95% CI =1.10–2.96). L_{EX, 8h} (OR =1.036, 95% CI =1.012–1.060) was an independent risk of hypertension when controlling for potential confounding factors.

Conclusions

We found that the occupational noise had an effect on the hypertension and hearing loss of Chinese coal miners. And the occupational noise was an independent risk factor for hypertension and could increase the values of SBP and DBP.     

心血管系统引起运动疲劳的假说与讨论

目的：运动疲劳是运动训练过程的一个重要的问题，但对于运动疲劳产生的原因以及其中的相关机制的研究仍存在许多争议，并且存在许多假说。为此，探讨心血管系统与运动疲劳的关系。 资料来源：应用计算机检索www．Ovid．com数据库和http：／／www．ncbi．nlm．nih．gov网站，1996-01—2005-11期间的相关文章，检索词为：“cardiovascular，fatigue，exercise，prolong”，限定文章语言种类为英文。 资料选择：在检索316篇文献中，选择长时间运动与心血管系统，长时间运动疲劳与心血管系统，代谢物的堆积与心血管系统等文献124篇。 资料提炼：在124篇文献中，删除31篇重复文献；对93篇文献进行分类整理，其中18篇文献作为参考文献。 资料综合：①心血管系统引起的运动疲劳假说：主要内容是运动过程中，心脏提供的血流量，已满足不了工作肌肉对氧和营养物质及运走过多代谢产物的需求。②这一学说。受到相关的实验支持：心输出量和氧利用率持续增加可导致肌肉的工作能力提高。③心输出量：高水平的耐力运动的左室舒张末期内径及舒张末期室间隔的厚度显著大于无训练者（P〈0．05）。④红细胞含量及血容量：长期的运动训练可以诱导红细胞的含量及血容量增加。⑤肌肉组织内血流量的阻力：机体的血流动力学的变化，被认为是引起运动疲劳的重要因素。⑥运动时氧利用率及代谢产物的堆积可能影响运动能力，并且与运动疲劳相关。 结论：①引起运动疲劳是多种生物学因素共同作用的结果。②运动时，心血管系统的对工作肌肉供氧能力及运走相关的代谢产物能力可能是引起运动疲劳的一个因素，但目前对其中的一些变化的确切机制并不清楚。     

Identification of pathogenic mutations in two Chinese families affected with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosisCSCD

Objective: To identify potential mutations in two Chinese families affected with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Methods: Peripheral blood samples of the family were collected with informed consent. Genomic DNA was extracted with a phenol-chloroform method. All of the 17 exons and their flanking splicing sites of the OSMR gene were amplified with PCR and subjected to Sanger sequencing. Suspected mutations were verified with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and high-resolution melting assays. Results: A missense mutation (c. 1538G>A) was found in exon 10 of the OSMR gene in all of the six patients from family 1. A missense mutation (c. 2081C>T) was found in exon 14 of the OSMR gene in all of the four patients from family 2. The same mutations were not found among the healthy controls. Conclusion: Two missense mutations (c. 1538GG>A and c. 2081C>T) were detected in the OSMR gene in two Chinese families affected with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Our findings have further confirmed the pathogenicity of such mutations. © 2018 West China University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.     

Matrigel在肿瘤体内外研究模型中的应用

Matrigel是一种从Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm（EHS）小鼠肉瘤中提取的可溶性基底膜成分,其主要成分包括层粘连蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原、巢蛋白、硫酸肝素糖蛋白和各种细胞因子。上皮来源的肿瘤含有丰富的基底膜,并在肿瘤生长、转移和形态等方面表现出独特的作用。Matrigel已广泛用于肿瘤研究中,本文阐述了matrigel在肿瘤体内外实验模型中的应用。研究matrigel将有助于我们加深对肿瘤本质的认识并提供更为有效的治疗靶点。     

对氧磷酶-2基因多态性与中国汉族人群职业性噪声聋易感性的关联性研究

目的:探讨职业性噪声聋易感性与中国汉族人群对氧磷酶-2(PON2)rs7493?rs12026?rs12704796?rs7785846?rs7786401位点单核苷酸多态性之间的关联?方法:采用病例对照研究方法,将纯音测听结果双耳高频平均听阈 ≥ 40 dB的工人作为病例组,共188例;对照组为年龄?性别和接触噪声年限等因素与病例匹配,且纯音测听结果双耳高频平均听阈 < 40 dB的同岗位轮班工人,共200例?对所有研究对象进行相关的职业卫生调查和问卷调查,收集其基本资料和现场暴露资料?抽取病例组和对照组人群空腹外周静脉血2 ml用于提取DNA,采用TaqMan探针法进行基因型的测定?结果:通过分析发现rs7493(CG + GG)基因型?rs12026(CG + GG)基因型?rs7785846(CT + TT)基因型和rs7786401(GT + TT)基因型是导致职业性噪声聋发病的危险性因素,调整OR(95%CI)分别为3.54(2.18~5.75)?3.38(2.08~5.49)?3.30(2.03~5.37)和3.44(2.11~5.62)?分层分析发现以上4种基因型与环境危险因素噪声暴露水平结合后,可能存在交互作用,噪声暴露强度越大,发生职业性噪声聋的危险性越高(OR值变大)?结论:在中国汉族人群中,PON2基因rs7493?rs12026?rs7785846和rs7786401 4个单核苷酸多态性位点可能是职业性噪声聋易感性的危险因素,而且可能与噪声暴露强度等因素有交互增强作用?     

结节性痒疹治疗进展

结节性痒疹的治疗主要包括局部治疗、光疗和系统治疗，近年来出现了一些新的治疗方法，如神经激肽-1受体（NK-1R）拮抗剂、白介素-31受体（IL-31R）拮抗剂、Dupilumab和μ-阿片受体拮抗剂/κ-阿片受体激动剂等。本文対结节性痒疹的治疗进展进行综述。     

常州市育龄妇女预防出生缺陷知识、态度和行为的城乡差异

目的:探讨常州市城乡育龄妇女预防出生缺陷的知识、态度和行为差异。方法:采用多阶段抽样的方法对常州市5区2县的2 003例育龄妇女进行面对面的问卷调查。结果:城市育龄妇女知识知晓率为82.6%,农村为81.0%;认为TORCH筛查、染色体检查、传染病筛查和营养水平检测有必要的城市育龄妇女的比例为79.8%、78.0%、88.7%、72.2%,农村育龄妇女的比例为74.5%、72.0%、80.5%、61.5%;会上网搜索有关优生方面知识的城市育龄妇女为70.0%,农村育龄妇女为60.6%。结论:相对于城市而言,常州市农村育龄妇女对出生缺陷知识的知晓率低,知识的匮乏直接影响到育龄夫妇对预防出生缺陷的态度,不能主动形成有益于预防出生缺陷的行为,提示农村地区预防出生缺陷知识的健康教育不到位,育龄人群预防出生缺陷的意识和行为亟待提高。     

银黄分散片的质量标准研究

目的 研究制订银黄分散片的质量标准.方法 采用薄层色谱法同时鉴别金银花、黄芩,以高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷的含量.结果 黄芩苷在1.068～106.800μg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 8,平均回收率为99.46％,RSD=0.88％.结论 鉴别专属性强,重现性好,定量方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于银黄分散片的质量控制.     

法国无偿献血见闻及启示

结合法国无偿献血工作制度见闻,介绍了法国无偿献血的先进经验:有全国统一、规范的输血服务体系;有政府的强力推动;有社会力量的广泛参与;有一套行之有效的工作方法;有独立的通联部门.并就其对我国的启示进行了总结.