Neuroprotective effects of Caralluma tuberculata on ameliorating cognitive impairment in a d-galactose-induced mouse model

Cognitive deficiency and oxidative stress have been well documented in aging disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Caralluma tuberculata methanolic extract (CTME) on cognitive impairment in mice induced with d-galactose. In this study we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of CTME on cognitive impairment in mice induced with d-galactose by conduction of behavioral and cognitive performance tests. In order to explore the possible role of CTME against d-galactose-induced oxidative damages, various biochemical indicators were assessed. Chronic administration of d-galactose (150 mg/kg d, s.c.) for 7 weeks significantly impaired cognitive performance (in step-through passive, active avoidance test, Hole-Board test, Novel object recognition task and Morris water maze) and oxidative defense as compared to the control group. The results revealed that CTME treatment for two weeks (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o) significantly ameliorated cognitive performance and oxidative defense. All groups of CTME enhanced the learning and memory ability in step-through passive, active avoidance test, Hole-Board test Novel object recognition task and Morris water maze. Furthermore, high and middle level of CTME (300 and 200 mg/kg p.o) significantly increased Total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, neprilysin (NEP), and β-site AβPP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression while Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the level of Aβ1-42 and presenilin 1 (PS1) were decreased. The present study showed that CTME have a significant relieving effect on learning, memory and spontaneous activities in d-galactose-induced mice model, and ameliorates cognitive impairment and biochemical dysfunction in mice.     

丙泊酚复合氟比洛芬酯实施人工流产术30例临床观察

目的观察氟比洛芬酯复合丙泊酚用于人工流产术的麻醉效果及安全性。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级人流孕妇90例,随机均分为三组各30例,A组：单纯使用丙泊酚2mg／kg;B组：先缓慢静脉注射芬太尼1μg／kg,10min后使用丙泊酚2mg／kg;C组：先静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50mg,10min后使用丙泊酚2mg／kg。三组静脉注射丙泊酚的速率均为80mg／min,必要时追加适量丙泊酚。连续监测HR,MAP,SbO2,记录睫毛反射消失时间、手术持续时间、术后苏醒时间、全程丙泊酚用量、术后2h镇痛效果及麻醉期间不良反应。结果B、C组术后苏醒时间和全程丙泊酚用量均少于A组（P〈0．05）。在睫毛反射消失时、丙泊酚给药2min及术毕各组HR、MAP、SpO2均降低（P〈0．05）,B组SpO2显著低于A、C组（P〈0．05）,术中SpO2在85％-89％及〈85％区段的发生率B组高于A、C组（P〈0．05）。B、C组术后2h镇痛优者高于A组（P〈0．05）。A、B组术后恶心呕吐发生率高于C组（P〈0．05）。A组苏醒期兴奋躁动发生率高于B、C组（P〈0．05）。B组呼吸暂停发生率高于A、C组（P〈0．05）。结论氟比洛芬酯复合丙泊酚用于人工流产术镇痛效果良好,且能减少丙泊酚用量,同时降低不良反应发生率。     

中西医结合治疗丹毒疗效观察

目的：比较单纯西医治疗丹毒与中西医结合治疗丹毒的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2006年3月-2009年3月应用中西医结合的方法治疗下肢丹毒46例的治疗效果。结果：治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论：中西医结合治疗丹毒有较好的疗效,尽早应用能有效缩短治愈时间。     

超声排粪造影在盆底失弛缓便秘诊断中的价值

目的在前期建立的超声排粪造影基础上,以肛管直肠测压（ARM）为标准以此确定超声排粪造影（EDF）在盆底失弛缓疾病（Anismus）上的临床分度,并分析盆底失弛缓便秘患者临床症状与临床分度之间的相关性。 方法收集2018年12月至2021年12月于南京中医药大学第二附属医院肛肠诊疗中心就诊的97例盆底失弛缓便秘患者,在获得患者知情同意下对97例患者都进行肛管直肠测压（ARM）、慢性便秘严重程度评分量表（CSS）及超声排粪造影检查（EDF）。首先,将肛管直肠测压诊断为反常收缩病人进行CSS量表评分,再进行超声排粪造影,将CSS量表评分结果及EDF所测得数值进行线性回归,得到线性回归方程,计算出盆底失弛缓在超声排粪造影上的临床分度。在此基础上,再将EDF临床分度与其患者便秘症状进行Logistic回归分析研究,探索在EDF下盆底失弛缓患者临床分度与临床症状的相关性。 结果线性回归分析得出回归方程：y=0.586x-1.191（P＜0.05）,计算出EDF的盆底失弛缓分度为：轻度1°＜ɑ≤5°,中度5°＜ɑ≤10°,重度10°＜ɑ≤16°;Logistic回归分析结果：盆底失弛缓患者的EDF临床分度与患者是否自主排便、排便次数、肛门坠胀、腹（胀）痛无明显相关性（P＞0.05）;而与排便费力、排便梗阻感、排便不尽感有较强的相关性（P＜0.05）。 结论盆底失弛缓患者EDF临床分度与临床症状如排便不尽感、排便梗阻感、排便费力密切相关,提示EDF是诊断盆底失弛缓的有效手段;下一步需要通过多中心研究扩大样本量,进一步确定其价值。     

A murine Ig light chain transgene reveals IGKV3 gene contributions to anti-collagen types IV and II specificities

A subset of autoimmune diseases result from autoantibodies targeting epitopes on matrix collagen. The most extensively studied are anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (or its systemic counterpart Goodpasture’s disease) that destroys kidneys and lungs, and rheumatoid arthritis that leads to disabling arthritis. Autoantibodies in these disorders bind evolutionarily conserved conformational epitopes on the noncollagenous domain 1 (NC1) of the alpha3 chain of type IV [alpha3(IV)NC1] collagen in glomerular and alveolar basement membranes, and on native or citrullinated type II collagen (CII) in joint cartilage, respectively. The genetic origins of pathogenic anti-collagen B cells in these diseases is unknown, but observations from murine models raise the possibility that they overlap despite distinct in vivo immunopathologies. Monoclonal autoantibodies isolated from mice immunized with alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen or CII show a biased use of Ig light chains (LC) encoded by genes of the IGKV3 subgroup (previously Vk21 family), paired with diverse Ig heavy chains. To further explore this relationship and determine if a single murine IGKV3 LC independently predisposes to both anti-collagen responses, we generated a novel transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6 mouse that expresses a productively rearranged IGKV3-encoded LC, termed mLCV3-Tg, in conjunction with endogenously rearranged Ig heavy chains. Tg mice are also genetically deficient in endogenous kappa chains to permit tracking of the mLCV3 transgene. We show that mLCV3-Tg mice are susceptible to humoral autoimmunity against both collagen chains. Anti-alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen, but not anti-CII, mLCV3-encoded Ig are detected in serum of unmanipulated Tg mice, while Toll-like receptor ligands induce secretion of mLCV3-Tg autoantibodies of both collagen specificities from splenocytes ex vivo. This indicates developmental survival of mLCV3-Tg B cells reactive with each antigen, and is consistent with production of the two anti-collagen autoIg from distinct B cell populations. Reduced B cell numbers, low serum Ig kappa levels, low cell surface Ig kappa density, and abundant endogenous lambda chain expression suggest that subsets of IGKV3-encoded B cells are regulated in vivo by mechanisms that include deletion, anergy, and LC editing. These results support the notion that murine IGKV3 LCs contribute structural fitness to antigen binding sites that support diverse anti-collagen autoimmune responses, that these responses are regulated in vivo, and that these cells can nonetheless readily escape immune regulation.     

急性期间日疟患者血浆γ-干扰素和白细胞介素-17水平分析

目的：分析急性期间日疟患者血浆中γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-17（IL-17）水平。方法：用酶联免疫吸附方法检测19名急性期间日疟患者（间日疟组）和20名健康志愿者（对照组）血浆中IFN-γ IL-17水平。结果：间日疟组患者血浆中IFN-γ和IL-17水平分别为（18．86±6．77）pg／ml和（41．46±21．03）pg／ml,均明显高于对照组的（9．99±8．78）pg／ml和（25.23±11．83）pg／ml（P〈0．01）。结论：间日疟患者血浆中IFN-γ和IL-17的水平均升高。     

Assessing the post-treatment therapeutic effect of tongxie in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly relapsing gastrointestinal disorder decreasing the quality of life. Existing studies indicated that the therapeutic effects maintained for a period of time after the treatments were discontinued (post-treatment therapeutic effects or PTTE). In this study, we aim to assess the PTTE of tongxie. We performed a multiple center, controlled, double blind study of patients with IBS randomized to tongxie (n = 120) or placebo (n = 120) for 4 weeks and followed up for 57 weeks. The primary outcomes were abdominal pains and stool consistency. The secondary outcomes were pain frequency and stool frequency. Tertiary outcomes were adverse effects and global overall symptom. The outcome data were collected at days 1, 2, 3, weeks 1 and 4 during the treatment and at days 1, 2, 3, until week 57 during the post-treatment. Significantly more patients receiving tongxie were clinical responders to the primary and secondary endpoints from day 1 until the end of the treatment. The positive effects of tongxie were maintained until 17–25 weeks after tongxie was discontinued. The relapse-free probabilities in the tongxie group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group (P < .001). Twenty-five weeks after the therapies were discontinued could be considered as IBS natural history. During this period, an average of 53.8–56.3% of patients (pool tongxie and placebo data together) had IBS symptoms (pain scale ≥ 3, stool consistency ≥ 5). In particular, at the end of this study (week 61), 145 (54.2%) patients had IBS symptoms. Our results provide clinical insights into efficient and cost-effective management of refractory IBS, and lend support to the IBS management that the selection of a therapy should consider both its effectiveness during treatment and its PTTE after the treatment.     

针灸和药物针灸治疗肥胖的疗效回顾

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to review the impact on the usage of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity, specifically the usage of acupuncture and phytoacupuncture.MethodsPubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, which the methodology focused on the use of acupuncture and phytoacupuncture for the treatment of obesity from the beginning of these databases to February 2018, supplementing with literature retrospective and manual searches.ResultsA total of 8 trials including 566 participants met the selected criteria. In the alterations of the body mass index and waist circumference, acupuncture and phytoacupuncture seems to have a positive effect as opposed to the subjects who received superficial acupuncture or none. However, there were other parameters that showed promising results such as improvements in the levels of (1) serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and serum fasting triglyceride, (2) serum insulin and leptin, plasma ghrelin and cholecystokinin and (3) serum pro-oxidant antioxidant balance, as well as improvements in (4) skin fat thickness in the upper limbs, trunk and abdomen, (5) abdominal fat and deep subcutaneous fat tissue. The main acupoints employed in the selected studies are found along several meridians such as the stomach, spleen and conception vessel, and the plants used had the main objective of accelerating the metabolism, reducing appetite and resolving the unbalances in the genesis of obesity.ConclusionIt is suggested that acupuncture and phytoacupuncture can be useful tools for weight loss. When combined with a life-style change, they can contribute to achieve better results than just a life-style change by itself. Nevertheless, the need for further studies to clarify mechanisms of action and adequacy of protocols in order to obtain more homogeneous results is also present.