替加环素用于鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染患者的AUC值与疗效相关性研究

目的：进行鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染患者替加环素的AUC值与疗效间相关性研究。方法：回顾性分析某院46名鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染并行替加环素治疗的患者,采用高效液相色谱法测定替加环素谷浓度（C₀）、峰浓度（C₁）以及中浓度（C₂）,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,并结合其临床资料,进行替加环素AUC值与患者临床疗效相关性研究。结果：患者AUC值个体差异较大,多元线性回归后,无因素与AUC值间存在显著相关性（P>0.05）。AUC值高于目标值12.8 μg·h·mL^-1时,患者炎症指标、临床疗效均表现更好,且随着细菌耐药性增加,有效患者需要达到的AUC均值也在升高。结论：对替加环素治疗的鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染患者行治疗药物监测能更好的施行个体化给药,提高治疗有效率。     

临床药师干预对肠外营养合理性的影响

目的：临床药师通过儿童营养风险筛查工具STRONGkids （screening tool risk on nutritional status and growth）评分观察不同营养风险等级的肠套叠患儿使用肠外营养支持对营养指标、术后恢复情况等是否有影响,根据结果对医生进行宣教并干预,推动肠外营养的使用更加合理,减少住院费用和不良反应的发生。方法：采用STRONGkids评分对肠套叠患儿进行营养风险筛查,根据STRONGkids评分的不同分值将患儿分组,各组按仅使用肠外营养、未使用任何营养支持再分为A、B组,分别统计2组的比例,以及术后第7天患儿营养指标、术后恢复情况和住院费用,观察不同分值组肠外营养使用率以及使用肠外营养是否有必要。临床药师根据研究结果与医生沟通并干预,1年后比较干预前后肠外营养使用率、不良反应发生率及住院费用等。结果：1~2分的患儿中A组与B组在营养指标、术后住院时间上没有显著差异,但A组住院费用显著高于B组;3分的患儿中B组较A组患儿的体质量、前白蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白显著降低,住院天数A组显著短于B组;总体使用肠外营养的患儿不良反应发生率更高。临床药师根据上述结果指导医生根据相关指南对肠外营养适应证进行探讨和改进。干预1年后再次统计,STRONGkids评分1分组肠外营养使用率由77.78%下降至7.50%,2分组由85.42%下降至17.65%;总体不良反应发生率由18.80%下降至7.27%,住院费用由16 599.50±1 952.22元下降至14 647.09±2 300.16元,差异均有显著性。结论：通过临床药师干预,低营养风险患者肠外营养使用率降低,合理性增加,患者住院期间不良反应发生率及住院费用降低。临床药师在推动肠外营养合理使用中发挥了重要作用。     

肝移植术后糖尿病的发病率和危险因素分析

目的：探讨影响肝移植术后糖尿病（PTDM）发生的危险因素,为有效地预防和治疗PTDM提供参考证据。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月1日-2019年3月1日在某院移植中心进行同种异体原位肝移植术的91例移植受者。根据ADA糖尿病诊断指标,将肝移植受者分为PTDM组（18例）与non-PTDM组（73例）。基于统计学分析方法,筛选出影响PTDM发生的危险因素。结果：该院肝移植中心PTDM的1年内累积发生率为19.78%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,肥胖（BMI ≥ 25 kg·m^-2）（OR=8.754,95% CI：2.113~36.273,P<0.05）、术前空腹血糖受损（IFG）（OR=4.713,95% CI：1.305~17.027,P<0.05）和ICU停留时间（OR=1.367,95% CI：1.013~1.843,P<0.05）是肝移植受者发生PTDM的独立危险因素。结论：肥胖、术前IFG和ICU停留时间与PTDM的发生存在相关性。为减少PTDM的发生率,针对与PTDM发生相关的危险因素,尽早采取预防和干预措施是关键。     

吗替麦考酚酯对自身免疫性疾病患者白细胞计数和感染的影响

目的：考察吗替麦考酚酯（MMF）对自身免疫性疾病患者白细胞计数和感染的影响。方法：采用自身前后对照法进行回顾性研究,纳入使用吗替麦考酚酯治疗的免疫病患者共计51人,考察治疗前后患者血液常规检查结果以及感染发生情况。结果：使用吗替麦考酚酯后患者白细胞计数显著降低（6.01 vs. 4.93,P=0.007）。此外,吗替麦考酚酯的使用与细菌感染（P=0.001）和病毒感染（P=0.041）显著相关,但与真菌感染无关（P=0.050）。结论：吗替麦考酚酯治疗自身免疫性疾病可能导致白细胞减少并增加细菌感染和病毒感染发生的风险。因此,在使用吗替麦考酚酯治疗期间,建议定期复查血常规并嘱托患者注意避免劳累、受凉和感染。     

腹腔镜技术治疗泌尿系结石的临床研究新进展

当今,泌尿系结石的微创治疗方法基本取代了开放手术取石,但对于某些特殊病例,开放取石仍是必要的手术方式。然而,开放手术创伤大,并发症多,患者多不愿意接受,而作为微创治疗手段的腹腔镜技术,正逐渐成为其替代选择。腹腔镜取石,相比开放手术取石具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快等优点。本文结合最新临床研究进展,就腹腔镜技术治疗泌尿系结石做一综述。     

重度脊柱畸形的截骨矫形原则

<正>对于重度脊柱畸形而言,单纯后路内固定术无法达到有效矫形的目的,而脊柱截骨矫形作为一种更加有效的治疗手段逐渐被广泛应用。截骨矫形术除了可以对僵硬的脊柱畸形进行有效矫正以外,对于存在冠状面及矢状面失平衡的重度脊柱畸形患者也有良好     

High level of reactive oxygen species impaired mesenchymal stem cell migration via overpolymerization of F-actin cytoskeleton in systemic lupus erythematosus

Some lines of evidence have demonstrated abnormalities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, characterized by defective phenotype of MSCs and slower growth with enhanced apoptosis and senescence. However, whether SLE MSCs demonstrate aberrant migration capacity or abnormalities in cytoskeleton are issues that remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that MSCs from SLE patients did show impairment in migration capacity as well as abnormalities in F-actin cytoskeleton, accompanied by a high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). When normal MSCs were treated in vitro with H₂O₂, which increases intracellular ROS level as an oxidant, both reorganization of F-actin cytoskeleton and impairment of migration capability were observed. On the other hand, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as an exogenous antioxidant, made F-actin more orderly and increased migration ratio in SLE MSCs. In addition, oral administration of NAC markedly reduced serum autoantibody levels and ameliorated lupus nephritis (LN) in MRL/lpr mice, partially reversing the abnormalities of MSCs. These results indicate that overpolymerization of F-actin cytoskeleton, which may be associated with high levels of ROS, causes impairment in the migration capacity of SLE MSCs and that oral administration of NAC may have potential therapeutic effects on MRL/lpr mice.     

miRNAs in lung cancer: A link to aging

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Development of lung cancer is associated with exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and some environmental factors. The incidence of lung cancer increases with age, particularly after age 60. It was estimated that less than 2% of all lung cancer cases occurred in patients younger than 45; therefore, this type of tumor can be considered as an aging-related disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of regulating expression of over 50% of protein-coding genes. miRNAs were shown to play an extremely important role in cell functioning, affecting all biological processes, as well as development of various diseases. Expression profiles of miRNAs are known to be altered in cancer, including lung cancer, and also exhibit changes during aging. These RNA molecules are stable in tissue sections and blood and reflect tumor origin, histotype, and stage, which make them candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNA mimetics or inhibitors can be delivered into a cell, with possible therapeutic implications. Here, we review the results obtained during the last several years that demonstrate the aging-related regulation of miRNAs expression, in association with their role in lung cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapy, as well as the possibility to use miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response.     

出院准备服务对老年慢性病患者干预效果的系统评价

目的系统评价出院准备服务对老年慢性病患者的干预效果。方法计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、PubMed和EMbase数据库,搜集关于老年慢性病患者出院准备服务的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从2000年1月至2019年1月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7个RCT,包括884例患者。Meta分析结果显示:实施出院准备服务后,老年慢性病患者的急性并发症发生率[RR=0.38,95%CI(0.15,0.98),P=0.04]下降,患者遵医行为[SMD=0.54,95%CI(0.25,0.83),P=0.000 3]、运动能力[SMD=2.65,95%CI(0.25,5.04),P=0.03]、护理满意度[SMD=0.71,95%CI(0.10,1.33),P=0.02]均有提高。但两组因急性并发症导致再入院率[RR=0.25,95%CI(0.06,1.11),P=0.07]、自我护理能力[SMD=2.18,95%CI(-1.02,5.38),P=0.18]、日常生活活动能力(ADL)[SMD=0.56,95%CI(-0.47,1.59),P=0.28]的差异无统计学意义。结论当前证据显示,实施出院准备服务后,老年慢性病患者的急性并发症发生率更少,遵医行为、运动能力、护理满意度得到了提高。但受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。