自动化智能药柜分散调剂模式闭环管理效果分析

目的构建以自动化智能药柜为基础的分散调剂闭环管理。方法利用信息化手段对智能药柜的调剂、补货、数据维护及其特殊药品调剂实现全程闭环管理。智能药柜管理系统可发挥提示、警告、控制等作用,有效控制药品调剂、药品管理。结果与结论通过建立自动化智能药柜分散调剂模式的闭环管理,中心药房可有效管控护士使用智能药柜、药师管理智能药柜药品等环节,对所有环节可查询、可追溯,从而有效避免调剂和补货环节错误的发生,保障住院患者及时、安全用药。     

我院药品不良反应/事件主动监测系统构建

目的：构建药品不良反应/事件主动监测系统,为临床提供用药安全信息,及时发现并快速上报药品不良反应（adverse drug reaction,ADR）/事件（adverse drug event,ADE）,实现基于该系统的ADR/ADE真实世界研究条件。方法：联合"触发器原理"与"贝叶斯置信传播神经网络法"挖掘医院信息系统的ADR/ADE信号,由药师负责建立规则、布局功能模块以及对效果进行评估验证,由软件工程师负责编写计算机程序实现。结果：建立了较全面的监测规则,实现了实时预警与回顾性研究数据快速提取,完成了ADR/ADE主动监测平台的搭建。结论：ADR/ADE实时预警有利于及时处置,减少药品危害,并提高上报效能,快速筛选数据的功能为上市后药品安全性再评价提供便利,对建立药品安全性监测与评价信息技术平台有重要意义。     

分化型甲状腺癌术后患者L-T4初始剂量回归方程准确性验证

目的：对于甲状腺术后患者,经验性给药并不能准确预测术后最佳初始剂量,为提高术后患者初次随访时甲状腺功能达标率,我们之前的研究基于患者年龄和体质量指数（BMI）建立了一个预测左甲状腺素（L-T4）剂量的回归方程模型,现对这一回归方程进行准确性验证。方法：选取于我院行甲状腺全切术,且术后病理诊断为分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）的患者144例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组应用回归方程计算L-T4初始剂量,对照组常规经验性给药。4~6周后,患者复查甲状腺功能,并根据促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平调整L-T4剂量直至患者TSH抑制水平达标。临床药师观察患者达标情况,并记录患者初次随访达标情况、达标时间及甲状腺功能检查数据等。结果：实验组初次随访达标率63.7%,明显高于对照组的36%,同时实验组过量患者比例明显减少（20.3% vs 57.3%,P<0.05）,2组剂量不足患者比例无明显差异。同时,我们发现回归方程对于BMI在正常范围的患者效果更显著,而在超重患者中,并不优于经验性给药。结论：我们的回归方程模型较好的预测了DTC患者初始剂量,明显提高了患者达标率,并显著降低了过量患者比例。但对于超重患者的准确性一般,我们根据患者研究结果对回归方程模型做了修正,进一步提高了预测的准确性。     

In vivo suppressive effect of nudear factor-κB inhibitor on neutrophilic inflammation of grafts after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats

AIM. To investigate the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a novel nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, on expression of multiple inflammatory mediators and neutrophilic inflammation of cold preserved grafts after rat liver transplantation and its significance.METHODS: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was performed after 24 h of cold storage using University of Wisconsin solution with varied concentrations of PDTC. We determined the time course of NF-κB activation and expression of multiple inflammatory signals, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cytokine-inducible neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) by ELISA methods. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), intrahepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO)/WBC (a measure of neutrophil accumulation) and Mac-1 expression (a measure of circulating neutrophil activity) were also evaluated.RESULTS: PDTC decreased NF-κB activation induced by prolonged cold preservation in a dose dependent manner (from 20 mmol/L to 60 mmol/L), diminished TNF-α, CINC,ICAM-1 proteins in the grafts, and reduced the expression f increases in plasma TNF-α levels induced by prolonged old preservation. Neutrophilic inflammation of the graft was significantly suppressed after preservation with PDTC (P&lt;0.05). The total neutrophil accumulation in PDTC (40 mmol/L) group (7.04&#177;0.97) was markedly reduced compared to control group (14.07&#177;1.31) (P&lt;0.05). Mac-1 expression was significantly reduced in PDTC (40 retool/L) group (181&#177;11.3%) compared with the control group (281&#177;13.2%) (P&lt;0.05) at 6 h after reperfusion. Furthermore,PDTC inhibited the increased serum ALT levels after liver transplantation.CONCLUSION: PDTC can inhibit B NF-κB activation and expression of the inflammatory mediators, which are associated with improved graft viability via inhibiting intrahepatic neutrophilic inflammation. Our study suggests that a therapeutic strategy directed at inhibition of NF-κB activation in the transplanted liver might be effective in reducing intrahepatic neutrophilic inflammation, and would be beneficial to cold preserved grafts,     

Dysplastic changes in erythroid precursors as a manifestation of lead poisoning: report of a case and review of literature

Dysplastic changes in erythroid precursors occur not only in patients with hematologic diseases, but also those with other diseases. Here, we report on a patient that presented with dysplastic changes in erythroid precursors due to lead poisoning from the intake of Chinese folk remedies.     

Occult infection with HBV intergenotypic A2/G recombinant following acute hepatitis B caused by an HBV/A2 isolate

Viral and host factors leading to occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) are not fully understood. Whether HBV genotype may influence the occurrence and course of OBIs is unknown. Here, we describe the case of a patient infected with HBV genotype A2 who developed symptomatic acute hepatitis and did not seroconvert after loss of HBsAg and HBeAg. The acute phase of hepatitis B was followed by a period of more than 2 years during which the DNA of an intergenotypic HBV/A2/G recombinant was intermittently detected in serum.     

肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤患者疗效及血清GPDA、GP73和β2-MG水平变化*

目的 探讨肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤患者的疗效及血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶(GPDA)、高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平的变化。方法 2017年1月～2019年1月我院肝病科收治的60例肝血管瘤患者被随机分为介入手术组30例和开腹肝切除术组30例,分别接受经肝动脉介入栓塞术或开腹肝切除术。术后,随访半年。采用ELISA法检测血清GPDA、GP73、β2-MG水平及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平。结果 介入手术组手术时间和术后住院时间分别为(84.7±21.9) min和(6.7±1.3)d,均显著短于开腹肝切除术组【分别为(126.8±60.5)min和(9.6±5.8)d,P<0.05】,术中出血量为(110.7±13.5)mL,显著少于开腹肝切除术组【(315.5±17.8)mL,P<0.05】;在术后1 w,介入手术组血清GPDA、GP73、β2-MG、TNF-α、TSGF和AFP水平分别为(62.6±9.8)U/L、(64.3±6.7)μg/L、(1.4±0.5)mg/L、(1.3±0.5)mg/L、(35.5±4.3)U/mL和(2.5±0.6)mg/L,均显著低于开腹肝切除术组【分别为(86.4±11.5)U/L、(112.2±9.3)μg/L,(2.3±0.9)mg/L,(2.1±1.2)mg/L,(61.3±9.8)U/mL和(4.7±0.8)mg/L,P<0.05】;介入手术组并发症发生率为13.3%,显著低于开腹肝切除术组(30.0%,P<0.05);在术后随访6 m,介入手术组总有效率为93.3%,显著高于开腹肝切除术组(80.0%,P<0.05)。结论 采用肝动脉介入栓塞术治疗肝血管瘤患者疗效较好,且可降低血清GPDA、GP73、β2-MG、TNF-α和TSGF水平,明显改善围术期手术相关指标,减少并发症的发生,具有较高的临床安全性。     

Identification of a bacteriolysis-associated virulence factor against lung epithelial cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 cell lysate

The precise identities of the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after bacteriolysis are still unknown. In the present study, we identified PA0423 protein, which was isolated from the Pseudomonas PAO-1 strain, as the factor responsible for cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells. Whole bacterial cell lysate of P. aeruginosa PAO-1 caused cytotoxicity in A549 lung epithelial cells. This cytotoxic factor could be partially purified via gel-filtration and anion-exchange column chromatography, and its activity was attenuated by proteinase K treatment. The cytotoxic fraction increased caspase-3/7 activity in A549 cells, suggesting the induction of apoptosis. This fraction was then subjected to amino-acid sequence analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, resulting in the identification of 7 matches, 4 of which were with known proteins (PA0122, PA2687, PA3406, and PA0423). Deletion mutant analysis of these 7 candidates revealed that only the PA0423 mutation led to reduced cytotoxicity, indicating that this protein is the virulence factor. Furthermore, PA0423 recombinant protein was constructed, purified, and refolded. Transduction of recombinant PA0423, but not PA0122, into A549 cells engendered a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. These results show the first evidence that specific bacteriolysis-induced virulence factor PA0423 from Pseudomonas is toxic to lung epithelial cells.     

呼吸与危重症医学科护理人员对雾化吸入治疗应用的调查与分析

目的了解呼吸与危重症医学科的护理人员对雾化吸入态度、技能与知识的应用状况,并分析影响因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,使用问卷发放(自制问卷),对江苏省内18家医院呼吸与危重症医学科护士的雾化吸入态度、技能和知识掌握情况进行调查。结果共发放795份量表,回收774份,回收率97.3%,涵盖10家三级医院,8家二级医院,调查显示了呼吸与危重症医学科护理人员对雾化吸入态度技能与知识的掌握情况,雾化吸入的知识与态度、技能呈正相关。结论应加强呼吸与危重症医学科护理人员对雾化吸入相关知识的培训,端正其对雾化吸入的态度,从而提高雾化吸入的护理质量,为规范临床护理操作提供依据。     

109例肺泡蛋白沉积症临床影像及病理特征分析

目的肺泡蛋白沉积症为肺部少见疾病,通过本组病例的学习,提高大家对肺泡蛋白沉积症的认识,减少误诊和漏诊。方法收集2011年01月至2019年03月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院呼吸与危重症医学科经病理学明确诊断为肺泡蛋白沉积症的109例患者临床资料,分析其临床特点、胸部HRCT及病理学表现。结果本组患者平均年龄48±11岁(20~73岁),其中男68例,女41例。临床表现:以活动后气喘(70例)和咳嗽伴或不伴咳痰(64例)最多见,胸闷27例,胸痛7例,发热6例,咯血1例。另外体检发现7例。实验室检查:血CEA升高8例,NSE升高49例,CYFRA21-1升高67例;合并有自身抗体异常14例;血甘油三脂增高25例;血气分析示低氧血症患者共54例。HRCT主要表现:典型肺泡蛋白沉积症表现(铺路石症和地图样分布)共102例,实变影6例,细网状阴影6例,纵隔淋巴结肿大2例,结节影2例,胸腔积液1例,胸膜增厚1例。所有患者均进行了病理学检查,肺泡灌洗液PAS染色阳性,和或肺活检组织示肺泡腔内无定形嗜伊红物沉积且PAS染色阳性。其中经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB+BAL)85例,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺3例,外科胸腔镜2例,支气管镜冷冻肺活检(TBLC)2例;另外17例经肺泡灌洗检查明确诊断。结论肺泡蛋白沉积症患者的临床表现多样,缺乏特异性,绝大多数患者HRCT表现典型,确诊仍需病理。