Tai Chi for health and well-being: A bibliometric analysis of published clinical studies between 2010 and 2020

The objective of this bibliometric review was to identify the volume, breadth, and characteristics of clinical studies evaluating Tai Chi published between January 2010 and January 2020. Five English and four Chinese language databases were searched. Following independent screening, 1018 eligible publications representing 987 studies were identified, which was a three-fold increase from the previous decade. Most common were randomized controlled trials (548/987, 55.5 %), followed by systematic reviews (157/987, 15.9 %), non-randomized controlled clinical studies (152/987, 15.4 %), case series (127/987, 12.9 %) and case reports (3/987, 0.3 %) that were conducted in China (730/987, 74.0 %), followed by the United States of America (123/987, 12.5 %) and South Korea (20/987, 2.0 %). Study participants were mostly in the adult (55.2 %) and/or older adult (72.0 %) age groups. The top ten diseases/conditions were hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, knee osteoarthritis, heart failure, depression, osteoporosis/osteopenia, breast cancer, coronary heart disease and insomnia. A quarter of the studies enrolled healthy participants to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on health promotion/preservation, balance/falls, and physiological/biomechanical outcomes. Yang style Tai Chi was the most popular, followed by Chen and Sun style. Tai Chi was mostly commonly delivered face-to-face by a Tai Chi instructor in group settings for 60 min, three times a week, for 12 weeks. Most studies (93.8 %) reported at least one outcome in favor of Tai Chi. Adverse events were underreported (7.2 %). Over half fell short of expected intervention reporting standards, signalling the need for Tai Chi extensions to existing guidelines.     

Efficacy of denosumab in joint preservation for patients with giant cell tumour of the bone

BackgroundGiant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB) is an aggressive osteolytic primary tumour. GCTB is rich in osteoclast-like giant cells and contains mononuclear cells that express RANK ligand (RANKL), a key mediator of osteoclast activation. The potential therapeutic effect of denosumab was investigated with special reference to its role in joint preservation.MethodsIn this prospective non-randomised study patients with GCTB received denosumab for 6–11 months preoperatively. Serial radiographs and biopsy and resection tumour specimens were used to monitor response to denosumab.ResultsAll 20 patients experienced pain relief in the first month of treatment. All patients demonstrated a positive radiographic response with improved subchondral and cortical bone which allowed intralesional tumour resection and preservation of the joint and articular surface in 18 cases. Histological examination following denosumab revealed rarely detectable osteoclast-like giant cells. There was an obvious increase in osteoid matrix and woven bone which showed rare RANK staining amongst the mononuclear cells and only focal RANKL positivity. At median 30 months follow-up after resection, local tumour recurrence occurred in three patients.ConclusionDenosumab provides favourable and consistent clinical, radiographic and pathologic responses which facilitates less aggressive surgical treatment, especially joint preservation. However, the local recurrence rate for GCTB following resection does not seem to be affected by denosumab and remains a concern.     

不同产地桔梗药材中总皂苷及桔梗皂苷D的含量比较

目的:比较不同产地桔梗中总皂苷及桔梗皂苷D的含量差异,为该药材的质量控制与生产提供参考。方法:采用2005年版《中国药典》方法测定桔梗总皂苷含量,2010年版《中国药典》方法测定桔梗皂苷D的含量,对36批桔梗药材总皂苷及桔梗皂苷D含量进行测定。结果:赤峰产区10批样品总皂苷质量分数在5.02%~9.20%,桔梗皂苷D质量分数在0.1%~0.175%,二者含量分布较窄。其他产区桔梗药材含量分布较宽,与内蒙古桔梗药材品质存在较大差异。结论:各产地桔梗的质量总体较好,但不同产地间及同产地各桔梗样品间的质量及其稳定性存在较大差异,浙江产桔梗的桔梗皂苷D和总皂苷含量均较高,而赤峰产桔梗品质稳定性较好;从整体质量评价角度看,桔梗质量标准中宜增加总皂苷含量的限量规定。     

广枣总黄酮抑制Ang II诱导大鼠心脏成纤维细胞胶原合成及其机制

目的观察广枣总黄酮(TFCF)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)诱导心脏成纤维细胞(CFs)胶原合成的影响。方法采用差速贴壁法培养新生大鼠CFs,在体外建立Ang Ⅱ诱导CFs增殖模型。采用3H-脯氨酸掺入法及羟脯氨酸比色法检测CFs胶原合成,分别观察一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(L-NAME)、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂(ODQ)及TFCF对Ang Ⅱ诱导CFs胶原合成的影响;采用硝酸还原酶法测定细胞培养液中一氧化氮(NO)水平;化学比色法测细胞上清液中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平;放免法测定细胞内环鸟苷酸(cGMP)水平。结果 TFCF 25～100 mg/L呈剂量依赖性抑制Ang Ⅱ诱导的CFs胶原合成,但这种作用可被L-NAME及ODQ部分阻断;TFCF作用细胞后NO、NOS、cGMP水平升高。结论 TFCF在一定质量浓度范围对Ang Ⅱ诱导的CFs胶原合成有抑制作用,NO-cGMP信号通路可能是其发挥作用的途径之一。     

降脂通络软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗混合型高脂血症的临床研究

目的评价降脂通络软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片与单用阿托伐他汀钙片治疗混合型高脂血症的有效性和安全性。方法本研究采用随机、双盲、平行对照、多中心临床研究设计。采用随机数字表法将1 38例混合型高脂血症患者分为联合用药组与单用他汀组,每组69例,两组患者均给予阿托伐他汀钙片口服,20 mg/天。联合用药组在此基础上,予降脂通络软胶囊口服,1 00 mg/次,每天3次;单用他汀组予降脂通络软胶囊模拟剂口服治疗,1 00 mg/次,每天3次,疗程均为8周。分别于治疗前、治疗4、8周检测两组患者TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C水平,并对治疗安全性进行评价。结果与治疗前比较,治疗4、8周后联合用药组血清TG分别下降26.69%、33.29%（均P〈0.01）,单用他汀组TG分别下降25.70%、22.98%（均P〈0.01）。治疗8周后,联合用药组TG下降值明显高于单用他汀组（P〈0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗4、8周后两组患者血清LDL-C、TC水平显著降低（均P〈0.01）,两组LDL-C、TC下降值及下降率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗8周后两组HDL-C均有升高趋势。两组治疗后均未出现肝酶和肌酸激酶明显升高。结论降脂通络软胶囊联合阿托伐他汀钙片治疗混合型高脂血症可明显降低患者血清TG水平,且安全性较好。     

扶正透毒祛毒复方对髓系微小残留白血病患者CD34+细胞源树突状细胞的影响

目的研究扶正透毒祛毒复方加味青蒿鳖甲汤对髓系微小残留白血病(MRD-L)患者骨髓CD34+细胞源树突状细胞(DC)的影响。方法用Ficoll离心法分离急性髓系MRD-L患者骨髓单个核细胞(BMNC),采用免疫磁珠分选出CD 34+细胞,并培养扩增,用不同浓度中药含药血清联合细胞因子进行体外诱导培养DC,倒置显微镜下观察DC的形态学特征,流式细胞术检测DC表面分子CD 83、CD 80、CD 86、CD 1a、HLA-DR的表达。诱导转化成熟的DC分别激发异体、自体T细胞,MTT法检测激发后的T细胞在不同效靶比时对人白血病细胞株K562的杀伤作用。结果各中药含药血清联合细胞因子培养髓系MRD-L患者CD 34+9 d后均能促进CD 34+分化为形态特征典型的DC,各中药联合细胞因子组、细胞因子组均明显上调CD 83、CD 80、CD 86、HLA-DR的表达,与胎牛血清及空白兔血清对照组比较有统计意义(P<0.01),中剂量及低剂量含药血清组能促进CD 1a的表达提高,与高剂量组、细胞因子组比较有差异(P<0.01),其余各组无明显差异。DC激发T细胞杀伤K562细胞,各中药联合细胞因子组的杀伤率均高于细胞因子组、胎牛血清组和空白兔血清组,其中中剂量和低剂量组又明显优于(P<0.01)或优于(P<0.05)细胞因子组、胎牛血清组和空白兔血清组。T细胞的杀伤作用随效靶比的增高而增强,正常T细胞与患者T细胞对K562细胞的杀伤作用无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论加味青蒿鳖甲汤能促进髓系MRD-L患者CD 34+细胞向DC转化。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术的蒙古族药健胃十味丸治疗慢性胃炎的作用机制探讨

目的 基于文献考证梳理健胃十味丸的功效,利用网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨健胃十味丸治疗慢性胃炎的作用机制。方法 通过较为系统的蒙古族医药文献考证,对健胃十味丸方剂组成与功能主治进行系统梳理;使用中药系统药理学与分析平台（TCMSP）和BATMAN-TCM数据库并结合文献补充筛选健胃十味丸中10味中药的主要化学成分和作用靶点;通过GeneCards和DisGeNET数据库获取慢性胃炎相关靶点;将药物与疾病共有靶点导入STRING在线平台构建潜在靶点的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络,并应用DAVID数据库进行基因本体（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析,寻找其可能的作用通路;运用Cytoscape 3.7.1构建药物-活性成分-靶点网络并对网络进行拓扑分析;最后利用AutoDock Vina等软件对网络中度值较高的活性成分与核心靶点进行分子对接和可视化分析。结果 通过文献考证,明确健胃十味丸具有治疗消化系统疾病的作用;运用网络药理学筛选出槲皮素、山柰酚、木犀草素等39种活性成分和223个相关靶点,其中关键核心靶点为转录因子AP-1（JUN）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、胱天蛋白酶3（CASP3）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGFA）、环加氧酶2（PTGS2）、蛋白激酶B1（Akt1）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP9）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、肿瘤蛋白p53（TP53）、缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF1A）等;GO功能富集分析共得到650条富集结果,主要涉及细胞对凋亡过程的负调控、药物反应、基因表达的正调控、细胞外空隙、胞液、淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）家族蛋白复合物、细胞质核周区等生物过程的调节;KEGG通路分析共得到104条通路富集结果,主要涉及癌症通路、乙型肝炎、TNF信号通路、Toll样受体（TLR）信号通路、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）样受体（NLR）信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、p53信号通路等;分子对接结果显示主要活性成分与核心靶点结合力均较强,能够有效自由结合。结论 在明确健胃十味丸治疗作用的前提下,初步揭示了其可通过多途径、多靶点、多通路发挥治疗慢性胃炎的作用,为进一步研究其有效成分及分子机制提供依据。     

小檗胺在药用植物中的分布与药理活性

小檗胺是提取自药用植物的天然小分子化合物,属双苄基异喹啉类生物碱,广泛分布于小檗科、罂粟科、防己科及毛茛科药用植物中,主要用于抗白血病等多种肿瘤,也可用于治疗心血管疾病、眼部疾病、免疫系统疾病、糖尿病肾病及抗纤维化等方面。对近年来小檗胺所分布的药用植物类群及药理作用研究进行综述,以期为小檗胺相关研究提供参考,为小檗属植物亲缘学的进一步研究提供依据。     

Assessment of pulmonary infectious disease treatment with Mongolian medicine formulae based on data mining, network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective: Pulmonary infectious diseases (PID) include viral pneumonia (VP) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). Mongolian medicine (MM) is an effective treatment option in China, however, the core group medicines (CGMs) in the treatment of PID and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, through the method of data mining, the CGMs of MM for the treatment of PID were excavated, and the possible mechanism of action of the CGMs in the treatment of PID was explored by using network pharmacology. Methods: First, 89 MM formulae for the treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases collected from Gan Lu Si Bu, Meng Yi Jin Kui, People''s Republic of China Ministry of Health Drug Standards (Mongolian Medicine Volume), Standard of Mongolian Medicine Preparations in Inner Mongolia (2007 Edition), and Standard of Mongolian Medicine Preparations in Inner Mongolia (2014 Edition). The CGMs of MM for PID were excavated through association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Then, the active ingredients and potential targets of the CGMs were obtained from TCMSP, TCMIP, BATMAN-TCM databases. PID targets information was collected from OMIM, GeneCards, and DrugBank databases. The possible targets of CGMs treatment for PID were obtained by intersection. The PPI network was constructed through the STRING database, and the topology analysis of the network was performed. Through the enrichment analysis of the intersection targets by R language, the main action pathways and related target proteins of CGMs in the treatment of PID were screened out. The results were verified by molecular docking. Results: A total of 89 formulae were included, involving 164 MM herbs. The efficacy of the drugs was mainly cough-suppressing and panting-calming herbs, and heat-clearing herbs. The nature and flavor were mainly bitter and cold. The CGMs of MM to treatment of PID was excavated as the classic famous formula Sanzi Decoction (Toosendan Fructus-Chebulae Fructus-Gardeniae Fructus). A total of 28 candidate components and 237 predicted targets of CGMs were collected, and 61 common targets with PID were obtained, including key compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol and stigmastero and key targets such as VEGFA, IL6, TP53, AKT1. KEGG enrichment analysis yielded AGE-RAGE signaling pathways, IL-17 signaling pathways, and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the key targets were well matched with the potential active ingredients of CGMs. Conclusion: This study found that MM commonly used cough-suppressing and panting-calming herbs in combination with heat-clearing herbs to treat PID, and the CGMs for the treatment of PID is “Toosendan Fructus-Chebulae Fructus-Gardeniae Fructus”. CGMs mainly play a role in the treatment of PID by acting on VEGFA, IL6, TP53, AKT1 and other targets, regulating AGE-RAGE signaling pathways, IL-17 signaling pathways, and TNF signaling pathways.