睾丸切除改变小鼠下丘脑亨廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1表达

目的 探讨睾丸切除对小鼠下丘脑亨廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1（huntingtin-associated protein 1,HAP1）表达的影响.方法 观察HAP1在主要分泌促性腺激素释放激素神经元的区域分布特点,继而应用免疫印迹技术观察去势对下丘脑HAP1表达的影响,最后选择HAP1水平变化最显著的时段,应用免疫组织化学技术观察下丘脑视前区及弓状核等部位HAP1免疫反应性变化的区域特征.结果 HAP1在雄性小鼠下丘脑广泛表达,以视前核、视交叉上核、室周核、室旁核、背内侧核、弓状核等部位免疫反应性较强,在隔外侧核、隔内侧核、斜角带核及下丘脑乳头体上核、正中隆起及下丘脑腹内侧核等部位呈低至中等水平表达.HAP1免疫反应产物在神经元胞质和神经毡内呈弥散、均匀分布,并可见强反应的stigmoid小体.下丘脑HAP1水平在睾丸切除后第2-4日显著升高,第7日接近假手术组水平,术后3周显著降低（P＜0.01）.小鼠睾丸切除后2d,与假手术组比较,HAP1在下丘脑腹内侧视前核及弓状核的免疫反应性增强,而下丘脑膈外侧核及背内侧核等区域HAP1免疫反应性无明显变化（P＜0.05）.结论 HAP1可能与参与下丘脑视前区弓状核等部位神经元内GnRH的分泌和转运.     

鼻综合整形的方法探讨及效果评价

目的：探讨鼻综合整形的手术方法并评价其临床效果。方法：根据外鼻形态的具体缺陷情况,同时采用假体隆鼻、鼻头缩小、鼻翼缩小、耳软骨鼻尖延长、鼻小柱延长等多项技术中的二项以上进行鼻整形手术。结果：2007年3月～2010年4月对307例患者采用上述方法行鼻整形术,术后均获明显改善效果。随访6个月～2年,其中1例于半年后发生感染而取出鼻假体,其余就医者对效果均感满意,形态自然,切口瘢痕不明显。结论：鼻综合整形能从全方位改善外鼻不良形态从而增加鼻部整体美感。术中均衡考虑不同部位手术之间的相互影响关系,是把握手术整体成形效果的关键。     

Screening and confirmation of microRNA markers for distinguishing between menstrual and peripheral blood

The identification of menstrual blood (MB) and peripheral blood (PB) left at a crime scene is crucial for crime reconstruction, especially in sexual assaults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-protein coding molecules, have been demonstrated to be a viable tool for body fluid identification in forensic casework. Several groups have searched for miRNAs that are specific to different body fluids. Blood has been studied the most extensively. However, menstrual blood was only involved in five studies, and the results confirming the presence of specific miRNAs could not be reproduced in other studies. In this study, we attempted to screen new markers that can differentiate between menstrual blood and peripheral blood by using Exiqon’s miRCURY™ LNA Array. Five miRNAs were selected based on the microarray results, namely, miR-141-3p, miR-373-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-143-5p, and miR-136-5p, whose expression levels exhibited 27.95-, 17.96-, 16.74-, 10.14-, and 9.21-fold changes, respectively, compared to the level in peripheral blood. Two classic quantitative methods, TaqMan hydrolysis probes (TaqMan for short) and SYBR Green fluorochrome (SYBR Green for short), were applied in the confirmation step to study the impact of different quantitative methods on the results. Three miRNAs (miR-141-3p, miR-497-5p, and miR-143-5p) were confirmed by TaqMan and one (miR-141-3p) by SYBR Green. Furthermore, bioinformatic methods were applied to interpret the candidate miRNAs. Our results established a multi-step procedure for body fluid identification and showed that the choice of quantitative method is important when miRNAs are used to identify the origin of blood samples.     

182例小儿传染性单核细胞增多症的血液学表现

目的 探讨传染性单核细胞增多症(传单)的血液学表现。方法 回顾性分析182例小儿传染性单核细胞增多症血液学的临床表现。结果 126例出现血液学表现(69.2％),及38例血液系统并发症(20.9％)。主要有外周血异型淋巴细胞大于10％(61.5％),贫血(15.9％),粒细胞减少症(15.4％),血小板减少症(9.9％),溶血性贫血(1.1％),Evans综合症(0.6％),类白血病反应(4.4％),全血细胞减少(0.6％),恶性组织细胞病(0.6％)。结论 传单可引起各种各样血液学并发症,临床应高度重视。     

Hypercholesterolemia treated with medicinal pad-separated moxibustion: A randomized clinical trial隔药饼灸治疗高胆固醇血症-随机临床试验

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of medicinal pad-separated moxibustion for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the patients with hypercholesterolemia.DesignClinical randomized controlled trial with blinding for outcome assessors and statisticians.SettingDepartment of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Department of Physical examination of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and three community health centers adjacent to the Hospital and University, from July 2015 to December 2017.Patients60 patients with hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL-C).InterventionsThe therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) was provided in both groups.In the experiment group, medicinal pad-separated moxibustion was applied using two groups of acupoints (Group No.1: Jùquē [巨阙CV14], Tiānshū [天枢ST25] and Fēnglóng [丰隆ST40]). Group No.2: Xīnshū [心俞BL15], Gānshū [肝俞BL18] and Píshū [脾俞BL20]) alternatively for 3–5 times a week. In the control group, Simvastatin tablets were administered orally by the patients in accordance with instructions in the medication guides (10 mg/d).Main outcome measuresChange of LDL-C after 12 weeks of treatment compared with the baseline.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, LDL-C was reduced in both the medicinal pad-separated moxibustion group and the simvastatin group compared with that at baseline (both P < 0.05). The difference on change of LDL-C was not significant between groups (P > 0.05). At week 4 of follow-up, LDL-C was reduced compared with that at baseline in the medicinal pad-moxibustion group (P < 0.05), and the difference on change of LDL-C was significant between groups (P < 0.05). At week 12 of follow-up, the difference on change of LDL-C was not significant when compared with the baseline in each group (both P > 0.05) and between groups (P > 0.05). In comparison with values before treatment, the values of triglyceride (TC) and triacylglycerol(TG) were reduced in both groups (all P < 0.05), while value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased in the medicinal pad-separated moxibustion group after 12 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The change of TG and HDL-C values were significantly different between groups (both P < 0.05). At week 4 of follow-up, values of TC and TG were lower (both P < 0.05) and HDL-C was higher (P < 0.05) when compared with that at baseline in the medicinal pad-separated moxibustion group; and value of TC was lower and HDL-C higher in the medicinal pad-separated moxibustion group compared with that in the simvastatin group (both P < 0.05). At week 12 of follow-up, compared with that at baseline, all blood lipid outcomes were not significantly different either within (P > 0.05) or between groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionMedicinal pad-separated moxibustion could reduce LDL-C and increase HDL-C in patients with hypercholesterolemia. However, these results need to be further verified by study with large sample size.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02269046.     

白细胞介素18和前列腺素E2与骨关节炎

目的：回顾近年来国内外有关白细胞介素18和前列腺素E2在骨关节炎发病机制中作用的研究，分析白细胞介素18和前列腺素E2在骨关节炎发病机制中的作用进展。 资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline 1995—01／2005—02相关白细胞介素18和前列腺素E2与骨关节炎的文献，检索词“Interleukin-18，prostaglandin E2，cytokines，Osteoarthritis”，并限定文献语言种类为English．同时计算机检索清华同方中国医院1995—01／2005—02相关自细胞介素18和前列腺素E2与骨关节炎，部分为细胞因子与骨关节炎的文献，检索词为“白细胞介素18，前列腺素E2，细胞因子，骨关节炎”。 资料选择：对资料进行初选，选取包含白细胞介素18、前列腺素E2、细胞因子与骨关节炎的文献，开始查找摘要与全文。纳入标准：①自细胞介素18与骨关节炎。②前列腺素E2与骨关节炎。③细胞因子与骨关节炎。④白细胞介素18，前列腺素E2与骨关节炎。排除标准：①细胞因子，炎症介质与类风湿性、风湿性关节炎。②骨关节炎的治疗。③重复的综述文献与研究．Meta分析类文章。 资料提炼：共收集了有关白细胞介素18和前列腺素E2与骨关节炎，部分为细胞因子与骨关节炎的文献212篇，纳入65篇。其中2篇阐述了白细胞介素18和前列腺素E2在骨关节炎中的共同作用。将文献进行综合评价。 资料综合：骨关节炎是人体活动关节中最常见的一种疼痛和退行性变疾病，其发病机制尚未完全阐明。其中细胞因子和炎症介质起着重要作用。新发现致炎因子自细胞介素18是骨关节炎发病机制中重要的一种炎症前因子，能诱导炎症介质前列腺素E2的产生。从免疫、病理、动物试验进行研究，揭示白细胞介素18，前列腺素E2在骨关节炎发病机制中的作用。结论：自细胞介素18与前列腺素E2参与了骨关节炎的发病机制，自细胞介素18的增高可能引起前列腺素E2含量的增高，从而在骨关节炎的发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

Dissecting the role of cell signaling versus CD8+ T cell modulation in propranolol antitumor activity

Journal of Molecular Medicine - Preclinical and early clinical mechanistic studies of antitumor activity from the beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blocker propranolol have revealed both cell...     

三种肾脏病人血浆中抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体检测方法的建立

目的 建立使用间接酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测人血浆抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体的方法，阐明血浆抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体滴度与肾病综征合（NS）、慢性肾小球肾炎（CGN）和2-型糖尿病肾病（2-DN）三种肾脏病的联系。方法 建立并使用间接ELISA法检测三种肾脏病人血浆中抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体的滴度。结果 成功建立使用间接ELISA检测人血浆抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体的方法，其特异性、稳定性和精密度均可靠。CGN和2-DN病人血浆抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体的滴度均显著高于对照（P〈0．05），NS病人血浆抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体的滴度与对照无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论用间接ELISA法检测人血浆抗碳酸酐酶Ⅳ抗体是可行的。在CGN和2-DN中，Ⅳ型碳酸酐酶可能是靶抗原，说明Ⅳ型抗碳酸酐酶抗体在肾脏疾病体液免疫方面的发生发展中起到了重要作用。     

2017年湖南省中小学生视力不良现况及环境影响因素分析

目的 了解湖南省中小学生视力不良分布状况及影响因素,为政府制定防治策略提供科学依据。 方法 于2017年抽取湖南省8 129名小学四年级到高中三年级学生进行体检和问卷调查,采用适当的统计方法对数据进行分析。 结果 2017年湖南省中小学生总体视力不良率为64.9%,有随教育阶段(小学44.4%,初中73.2%,高中78.8%)升高的趋势(χ²_趋势=702.732, P<0.001);轻度、中度、重度视力不良率分别为6.6%,19.9%和38.5%,其中轻度视力不良率(小学8.1%,初中6.8%,高中4.6%)随教育阶段升高而减少(χ²_趋势=25.452,P<0.001),重度视力不良率(小学17.0%、初中44.2%、高中56.3%)随教育阶段升高而升高(χ²_趋势=870.331, P<0.001);各教育阶段学生轻度、中度、重度视力不良构成比差异有统计学意义(χ² =365.232,P<0.001),随教育阶段升高,轻度、中度视力不良构成比下降,重度视力不良构成比上升。城区中小学生视力不良率高于县城(χ²=10.013, P=0.002),女生高于男生(χ²=86.021, P<0.001),城区和县城女生分别高于城区和县城男生(χ²=29.891及63.352, P<0.001),城市男生高于乡镇男生(χ²=17.228, P<0.001)。中小学生视力不良环境影响因素中,平均每天户外活动时间超过2 h(OR=0.725,95%CI:0.661~0.796)及监护人和老师经常提醒读写姿势(OR=0.793,95%CI:0.720~0.873)为保护因素,平均每天写作业超过2 h(OR=1.520,95%CI:1.383~1.67)及平均每天使用电子设备上网超过2 h(OR=1.358,95%CI:1.224~1.507)为危险因素。 结论 2017年湖南省中小学生视力不良率及重度视力不良率均较高,且随教育阶段升高。城市为重点地区,女生为重点人群。应采取措施减少中小学生写作业时间及使用电子设备时间,监护人及老师应及时提醒学生保持正确读写姿势和增加户外活动。     

应急接种等措施在一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情防控中的效果评价

目的 评价应急接种等措施在一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情防控中的效果。方法 根据病例定义收集该起暴发疫情中的所有病例发病、隔离日期,疫情中采取的应急接种、病例隔离、停课、洗手宣传教育等防控措施信息,计算应急接种的疫苗保护效率(vaccine efficiency,VE),采用离散时间模型对拟合实际暴发疫情数据计算传播能力,计算应急接种、病例隔离、停课和洗手的效果指数。结果 该起暴发疫情共调查共1 471人,发生4代病例,三代间距均为15 d;暴发期间共339人接种了麻腮风疫苗,应急接种率为73.38%,发病3人,罹患率0.88%。未应急接种的人数为123人,发病25人,罹患率20.33%。应急接种的疫苗保护效率为95.6%。隔离在第二至第四代的效果系数分别为0.43、0.46和0.47;停课和洗手联合措施在第二、三代病例发生时产生了作用,效果系数分别为0.279和0.078。模型模拟结果显示,接种率达到90%~100%,罹患率、疫情持续时间、疫情高峰出现周才能产生明显防控效果。结论 在流腮暴发疫情中,应急接种率达到90%~100%才能起到好的防控效果;停课和洗手等健康教育能起到一定作用,但主要防控措施应为高接种率和及时病例隔离。